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Research on the importance of crop protection
Monitoring
Diagnostic service
Clay
Loess
Clay
Sand
Clay
Sand
2 neighbouring growers ‘top’ grower ‘average’ grower at least 1.5 ton/ha difference
in sugar yield
B.Hanse, 2011
Comparable soil and climate within a pair!
= 2006
= 2007
= 2008TopTopAverageAverage
feetkm
during the project,TOP growers had 20% higher sugar yields
Management quality of inputs◦ Soil structure
explained 25% of variance in sugar yield◦ Sowing date
explained 14% of variance in sugar yield◦ Weed control
explained 30% of variance in sugar yield◦ Pests and diseases
explained 50% of variance in sugar yield
Hanse, B. et al, 2011
on clay soils:
Top growers’ fields lower infestation levels
Data SUSY 2006-2007
Heterodera schachtii: 4.4x lower! Rhizomania: 2.7x lower!
35% of variance in sugar yield explained byRhizomania, H. schachtii and sowing date
On sandy soils:
Top growers’ fields lower infestation levels
H. betae, fungicide applications, aphanomyces, and sowing date
75% of variance in sugar yield explained by:
Meloidogyne spp: 5x lower!
cercospora: 1.4x lower!
Data SUSY 2006-2007
H. betae
Sugar yield loss due to pests anddiseases
0
11.613.9
18.2
23.0
* De Wit, 1953
achieved sugar yield - top growersachieved sugar yield - top growers
attainable sugar yield*attainable sugar yield*
Suga
r yie
ld (t
/ha)
21%
achieved sugar yield -average growers
achieved sugar yield -average growers
Potential sugar yield withoutpests and diseases
for the use of damage thresholds monitoring is important
sometimes confusing symptoms!
free service for all sugar beet growers in NL
samples sent in by advisors, agriculturaldepartment of the sugar industry, crop specialists
285 samples a year – 3.6% diagnosis ‘unknown’
proper diagnosis
spread
importance
resistance breaking
new causes
trial field locations
cercosporacercospora pseudomonaspseudomonas
rhizomania control depends on Rz1-gene used in all
commercial varieties
Bornemann et al, in press
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Geen resistentie
tegen rhizomanie
Coyote Fernanda KWS Isabella KWS Magistral Sandra KWS
Conc
entra
tion
viru
s (ng
/ml)
Variety
a
bb
cc c
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Geen resistentie
tegen rhizomanie
Coyote Fernanda KWS Isabella KWS Magistral Sandra KWS
Conc
entra
tion
viru
s (ng
/ml)
Variety
a
bb
cc c
No resistance
againstRhizomania
Stemphylium cause of yellow leafspot
first report in 2007
proof of causal agent in 2011
Hanse et al, in press
pests and diseases are major cause of sugar yielddifferences
proper diagnosis is important for sustainable cropprotection
monitoring is important for sustainable crop protection
Conclusions
![Rhizomania: spread of and research on resistance breaking ... · Research) [1]. All those fields had in common that rhizomania symptoms were found in Rz1 resistant sugar beet varieties](https://img.dokumen.tips/doc/110x75/605285f99231a23e7e64f891/rhizomania-spread-of-and-research-on-resistance-breaking-research-1-all.jpg)
