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German Reformation: Later Life of Luther

“From the Reformation to the Constitution”

Bill Petro

your friendly neighborhood historian

billpetro.com/v7pc

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ObjectivesBy the end of this session you should be able to

• Describe key events & people in the later life of Luther

• Identify the origin of “Protestantism”

• Describe the doctrinal issues and legacy of Luther

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Formula

tion

JeromeAugustine

Sacramentalized

WycliffeHuss

Redisc

overy

ErasmusLutherZwingliCalvin

Re-evaluation

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Review: Luther’s Early Life• Born: Eisleben 1483• Childhood: Mansfeld,

Eisenach, Magdeburg• University of Erfurt: BA, MA• Thunderstorm incident• Monastery: 1505• Rome: 1510• Professor: Wittenberg 1512• Conversion: 1515-17• Break with Rome 1520

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Charles V

• Holy Roman Emperor

– As Charles V: 1519–56

• King of Spain

– as Charles I: 1516–56

• Archduke of Austria

– as Charles I: 1519–21

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Lands of Charles V

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Imperial Diet of Worms - 1521• “Here I stand…”

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Luther Kidnapped!• 4 or 5 “bandits”

• Taken to the Castle Wartburg

• 11 months

• Edict of Worms signed by Emperor formally condemns Luther's teachings and places him under the ban of the Empire.

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Luther at Wartburg Castle

• 1521 -1522

• Writes Sermon Postils

• German New Testament

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Knight George

• Painting by Lucas Cranach

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Ink at the Devil: at Wartburg

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“I Protest”• 1526: Diet of Speyer withdrew

Edict of Worms against Luther; each German state (Prince) given freedom to choose its own allegiance

• 1529: Second Diet of Speyer: reaffirmed Edict of Worms. Lutheran princes presented formal protest, and were called “Protestants”

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Luther’s Wedding

• To please his father

• To tease the Pope

• To vex the Devil

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Katherina Von Bora

• 1499: Born January 29, in Lippendorf Germany (near Leipzig)

• 1504: After mother’s death, placed in the convent of Brehna

• 1509: Entered the nunnery in Nimbschen near Grimma

• 1515: Ordained a nun; First contact with the writings of Martin Luther

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“My Lord Katie”

• 1523: Escape from nunnery to Wittenberg

• 1525: Married to Martin Luther

• 1546: Death of Luther, February 18

• 1552: Died on December 20

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Katherina’s Portal

• Basement Brewery

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Luther’s Family

• Christian Family

• 6 children

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Table Talks

• First recorded by Hungarian refugee, Conrad Cordatus

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The “Table” in LutherHalle

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Later in Augsburg

• 1530: Emperor Charles V back

• Listened to “Augsburg Confession”

• Demanded recantation by April 1531

• 1532: Turks threaten Vienna again

• Francis I threatens wars

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Coburg Castle

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Martin Luther 1530

Psalm 118:17

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Luther Room at Coburg Castle

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Luther’s theological development

Justification byFaith & Sacraments

Grace administered through church

Authority ofScripture & Tradition

1517-Wittenberg Door: Faith Alone

1518-Diet of Augsburg: Scripture Alone

1519-Leipzig: Priesthood of all believers

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3 Fundamentals of Protestant Reformation Teaching

Contentof Salvation

Meansof Salvation

Appropriationof Salvation

SolaScriptura

SolaGratia

SolaFide

Authority only in Bible,not Pope or church

Gift from God,not from human effort

to please God

Salvation from sin by Faith alone,

not by human works

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The Sacraments: 7 → 2

Medieval Church

•Baptism

•Eucharist

•Penance

•Confirmation

•Unction

•Orders

•Matrimony

Luther

•Baptism

•Lord’s Supper

•(Contrition)

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Break with Peasants and Jews

• Intervened in massive Peasant’s Revolt

• Frustrated by Jews not accepting the Gospel

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Jewish Memorial, Wittenberg

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The “Rough” Luther

• Course, vulgar, rude

• Pugnacious

“Don’t frighten us, Pope, with your ban, and don’t be such a furious

man. Otherwise we shall turn away and show you our rears.”

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Luther’s Health

• Monastic life

• Mental Depression

• Pain of gall and kidney stones

• Migraines

• “Night wars” anxiety & insomnia

• Ringing in ears, dizziness

• Open ulcer on leg

• Constipation, diarrhea, hemorrhoids

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A Mighty Fortress Is Our God

• Ein feste burg ist unser Gott

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St. Andrew’s ChurchEisleben

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St. Andrew’s Churchfrom Luther’s birth house,

Eisleben

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Death of Luther

• Eisleben

• February 18, 1546

03/21/2010 47Luther’s Deathbed, Eisleben

03/21/2010 48Luther’s Casket, Eisleben

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Luther’s TombCastle Church, Wittenberg

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Luther’s Contributions

• The German Bible

• Christian Family

• Lay Music

• Developed catechism

• Preached thousands of sermons

• Wrote scores of influential treatises

• Raised status of women

• Rise of individualism and nationalism

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Spread of Lutheranism

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Words about Luther

• Leo X: “the boar in the vineyard”

• Monk Coclaeus: “the incarnation of Satan”

• Swiss: “bad as a swineherd”

• The last medieval man, the first modern man

• “The angel whom God has sent to mankind”

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1-Word Summary

• Catholic Church Merit

• Luther Justification