02.Structure and Main Part of the Ship

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PİRİ REİS UNIVERSITYPİRİ REİS UNIVERSITY

STRUCTURE AND MAIN PART OF THE SHIP

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STRUCTURAL PARTS OF THE HULL

The hull (TEKNE) is the main body of the ship below the main outside deck. The hull consists of an outside covering (or skin) and an inside framework to which the skin is secured. The skin and framework are usually made of steel and secured by welding.

The hull (TEKNE) is the main body of the ship below the main outside deck. The hull consists of an outside covering (or skin) and an inside framework to which the skin is secured. The skin and framework are usually made of steel and secured by welding.

DİKEY POSTALAR

KÜPEŞTEKAPLAMASI

KARİNA KAPLAMALARI

BÖLME PERDESİ

KEMERE

BORDAKAPLAMASI

BOYUNA POSTA

GÜVERTE KAPLAMASI

PUNTEL

SİNTİNEKAPLAMASI

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The interior of the ship is divided by the bulkheads and decks into watertight compartments. A vessel could be made virtually unsinkable if it were divided into enough small compartments.

The interior of the ship is divided by the bulkheads and decks into watertight compartments. A vessel could be made virtually unsinkable if it were divided into enough small compartments.

BULKHEADS

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However, too many compartments would interfere with the arrangement of mechanical equipment and the operation of the ship. Engine rooms must be large enough to accommodate bulky machinery. Cargo spaces must be large enough to hold large equipment and containers.

However, too many compartments would interfere with the arrangement of mechanical equipment and the operation of the ship. Engine rooms must be large enough to accommodate bulky machinery. Cargo spaces must be large enough to hold large equipment and containers.

BULKHEADS

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ENGINE ROOM

The engine room is a separate compartment containing the propulsion machinery of the vessel. Depending on the size and type of propulsion machinery, other vessel machinery may be located there (such as generators, pumping systems, evaporators, and condensers for making fresh water).

The engine room is a separate compartment containing the propulsion machinery of the vessel. Depending on the size and type of propulsion machinery, other vessel machinery may be located there (such as generators, pumping systems, evaporators, and condensers for making fresh water).

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ENGINE ROOM

The propulsion unit for ships is a diesel engine. The "shaft" or rod that transmits power from the engine to the propeller leads from the aft end of the engine to the propeller.

The propulsion unit for ships is a diesel engine. The "shaft" or rod that transmits power from the engine to the propeller leads from the aft end of the engine to the propeller.

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ENGINE ROOM

MAIN ENGINEALTERNATOR

DIESEL ALTERNATOR

SHAFT

REDUCTION GEAR

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EXTERNAL PARTS OF THE HULL

The general area in the forward part of the ship is the forecastle.Along the edges of the weather deck from bow to stern are removable stanchions and light wire ropes, called life lines (vardavela).Extensions of the shell plating above the deck are called bulkwarks (küpeşte-trizi).

The general area in the forward part of the ship is the forecastle.Along the edges of the weather deck from bow to stern are removable stanchions and light wire ropes, called life lines (vardavela).Extensions of the shell plating above the deck are called bulkwarks (küpeşte-trizi).

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The uppermost deck running from the bow to the stern is called the weather deck.The main deck area over the stern is called the fantail or poop (kıçüstü).The flat part of the bottom of the ship is called the bilge (sintine).

The uppermost deck running from the bow to the stern is called the weather deck.The main deck area over the stern is called the fantail or poop (kıçüstü).The flat part of the bottom of the ship is called the bilge (sintine).

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A ship with only one

propeller is called a

single-screw ship.

Ships with two

propellers are called

twin-screw ships.

The rudder is used to

steer the ship.

A ship with only one

propeller is called a

single-screw ship.

Ships with two

propellers are called

twin-screw ships.

The rudder is used to

steer the ship.

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NAMES OF DECKS

The decks aboard ship are the same as the floors in a house.The main deck is the first continuous watertight deck that runs from the bow to the stern.In many instances, the weather deck and the main deck may be one and the same.

The decks aboard ship are the same as the floors in a house.The main deck is the first continuous watertight deck that runs from the bow to the stern.In many instances, the weather deck and the main deck may be one and the same.

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NAMES OF DECKS

Any partial deck above the main deck is named according to its location on the ship.At the bow it is called a forecastle deck (baş kasara), amidships it is an upper deck (üst güverte), and at the stern it is called the poop deck (kıç kasara).

Any partial deck above the main deck is named according to its location on the ship.At the bow it is called a forecastle deck (baş kasara), amidships it is an upper deck (üst güverte), and at the stern it is called the poop deck (kıç kasara).

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NAMES OF DECKS

The term weather deck (açık güverte) includes all parts of the forecastle, main, upper, and poop decks exposed to the weather. Any structure built above the weather deck is called superstructure (üst yapı).

The term weather deck (açık güverte) includes all parts of the forecastle, main, upper, and poop decks exposed to the weather. Any structure built above the weather deck is called superstructure (üst yapı).

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SHIPBOARD DIRECTIONS AND LOCATIONS Bow The front end of the ship is the bow (baş). When you move toward the bow, you are going forward, when the vessel is moving forward, it is going ahead (ileri). When facing toward the bow, the front-right side is the starboard bow and the front-left side is the port bow.

Bow The front end of the ship is the bow (baş). When you move toward the bow, you are going forward, when the vessel is moving forward, it is going ahead (ileri). When facing toward the bow, the front-right side is the starboard bow and the front-left side is the port bow.

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SHIPBOARD DIRECTIONS AND LOCATIONS

Amidships (Center) The central or middle area of a ship is amidships (vasat). The right center side is the starboard beam (sancak kemere) and the left center side is the port beam (iskele kemere).

Amidships (Center) The central or middle area of a ship is amidships (vasat). The right center side is the starboard beam (sancak kemere) and the left center side is the port beam (iskele kemere).

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SHIPBOARD DIRECTIONS AND LOCATIONS Stern (Back) The rear of a vessel is the stern (kıç). When you move in that direction you are going aft, when the ship moves in that direction it is going astern (tornistan). When looking forward, the right-rear section is called the starboard quarter (sancak kıç omuzluk) and the left-rear section is called the port quarter (iskele kıç omuzluk).

Stern (Back) The rear of a vessel is the stern (kıç). When you move in that direction you are going aft, when the ship moves in that direction it is going astern (tornistan). When looking forward, the right-rear section is called the starboard quarter (sancak kıç omuzluk) and the left-rear section is called the port quarter (iskele kıç omuzluk).

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SHIP'S DECK GEARSHIP'S DECK GEAR

The term "ship’s gear" is used to describe that gear and equipment aboard ship that is used for cargo transfer activities and deck operations. Ship’s gear can be divided into 4 categories:

The term "ship’s gear" is used to describe that gear and equipment aboard ship that is used for cargo transfer activities and deck operations. Ship’s gear can be divided into 4 categories:

Standing rigging.

Running rigging.

Deck fittings.

Deck machinery.

Standing rigging.

Running rigging.

Deck fittings.

Deck machinery.

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STANDING RIGGING

Standing rigging gear includes the rigging that supports masts or king posts.


direk

Liftin uskuru

çarmık

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STANDING RIGGING

Shrouds (çarmık)

These are heavy wire ropes that provide athwartship support for the mast or king posts. Two or more shrouds are used on either side of a mast or king post. They are secured to the outboard side of the deck or to the bulwark to provide maximum support.

Shrouds (çarmık)

These are heavy wire ropes that provide athwartship support for the mast or king posts. Two or more shrouds are used on either side of a mast or king post. They are secured to the outboard side of the deck or to the bulwark to provide maximum support.


2020

STANDING RIGGING

Turnbuckles (liftin uskuru)

These are internally threaded collars turning on two screws threaded in opposite directions. They are used to secure and to take up the slack in the shrouds and stays.

Turnbuckles (liftin uskuru)

These are internally threaded collars turning on two screws threaded in opposite directions. They are used to secure and to take up the slack in the shrouds and stays.


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STANDING RIGGING

Stays and Backstays (baş/kıç ıstralya)

These are heavy wires similar to shrouds. The difference is that they will lead in a forward or aft direction. They are found at the mast where the jumbo boom (heavy lift boom) is located. When they support the mast from a forward direction, they are called stays. When they support the mast from an aft (back) direction, they are called backstays.

Stays and Backstays (baş/kıç ıstralya)

These are heavy wires similar to shrouds. The difference is that they will lead in a forward or aft direction. They are found at the mast where the jumbo boom (heavy lift boom) is located. When they support the mast from a forward direction, they are called stays. When they support the mast from an aft (back) direction, they are called backstays.


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RUNNING RIGGING

This gear includes the moving or movable parts that are used to hoist or operate gear (such as cargo runners, topping lifts (mantilya), and guy tackles (palanga)).

This gear includes the moving or movable parts that are used to hoist or operate gear (such as cargo runners, topping lifts (mantilya), and guy tackles (palanga)).


Derrick guy

Topping lift span

block

mast

hook

boom

gooseneck

Union plate

Guy pendant

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DECK FITTINGS

These are the devices that are used to secure standing rigging, running rigging, and mooring lines.These are the devices that are used to secure standing rigging, running rigging, and mooring lines.


BABA

KURTAĞZI

KOÇ BOYNUZU

KAPALI KURTAĞZI

MAPA

TAMBURATALI KURTAĞZI

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DECK FITTINGS

Bitts (Baba/bita)These are heavy metal bed plates with two iron or steel posts. They are used on ships for securing mooring or towing lines. Usually there is a set forward and after each chock.

Bitts (Baba/bita)These are heavy metal bed plates with two iron or steel posts. They are used on ships for securing mooring or towing lines. Usually there is a set forward and after each chock.


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DECK FITTINGS

Bollard (baba)

Strong cylindrical upright on a pier, about which a mooring line is placed.

Bollard (baba)

Strong cylindrical upright on a pier, about which a mooring line is placed.


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DECK FITTINGS

Chocks (Kurt ağzı)These are heavy fittings secured to the deck. Lines are passed through them to bollards on the pier. The types of chocks used are closed, open, roller, and double roller.

Chocks (Kurt ağzı)These are heavy fittings secured to the deck. Lines are passed through them to bollards on the pier. The types of chocks used are closed, open, roller, and double roller.


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DECK FITTINGS

Chocks (Kurt ağzı)Chocks (Kurt ağzı)


BABA

KURTAĞZI

KOÇ BOYNUZU

KAPALI KURTAĞZI

MAPA

TAMBURATALI KURTAĞZI

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DECK FITTINGS

Cleats (Koç boynuzu)These are metal fittings having two projecting horns. They are used for securing lines.

Cleats (Koç boynuzu)These are metal fittings having two projecting horns. They are used for securing lines.


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DECK FITTINGS

Pad Eyes (mapa)These are fixtures welded to a deck or bulkhead. They have an eye to which lines or tackle are fastened and are used for securing or handling cargo.

Pad Eyes (mapa)These are fixtures welded to a deck or bulkhead. They have an eye to which lines or tackle are fastened and are used for securing or handling cargo.


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Fenders (usturmaça)

Material designed to absorb the

shock of contact between two

ships or a ship and a pier.

Fenders (usturmaça)

Material designed to absorb the

shock of contact between two

ships or a ship and a pier.


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A rope ladder, lowered from the

deck, as when pilots or passengers

come aboard.

A rope ladder, lowered from the

deck, as when pilots or passengers

come aboard.


Jacobs Ladder (Şeytan Çarmığı)Jacobs Ladder (Şeytan Çarmığı)

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Pilot’s ladder (pilot çarmığı)

Flexible portable ladder,

usually constructed of metal,

stronger than a Jacob’s ladder.

Pilot’s ladder (pilot çarmığı)

Flexible portable ladder,

usually constructed of metal,

stronger than a Jacob’s ladder.


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Sea ladder (küpeşte iskelesi)

Rigid, portable ladder that maybe rigged to the side of the ship.

Sea ladder (küpeşte iskelesi)

Rigid, portable ladder that maybe rigged to the side of the ship.


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Accommodation Ladder (borda iskelesi)

Rigid, inclined ladder rigged to the side of the ship to allow boarding of a moored or anchored ship.


Rigid, inclined ladder rigged to the side of the ship to allow boarding of a moored or anchored ship.


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1.Guard rails (vardevala)

2. Stanchion (puntel)

3. Safety net (emniyet ağı)

4. Hoisting arrangement

5. Ladder (iskele)

6. Bottom platform (alt tava)

7. Lighting (aydınlatma)

8. Base (taban/yer)

9. Lifebuoy (can simidi)

1.Guard rails (vardevala)

2. Stanchion (puntel)

3. Safety net (emniyet ağı)

4. Hoisting arrangement

5. Ladder (iskele)

6. Bottom platform (alt tava)

7. Lighting (aydınlatma)

8. Base (taban/yer)

9. Lifebuoy (can simidi)

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Gangway (sürme iskele)

A movable bridge used in boarding or leaving a ship at a pier.

Gangway (sürme iskele)

A movable bridge used in boarding or leaving a ship at a pier.

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DECK MACHINERY

This includes the standard machinery that is found on the decks of merchant vessels. The size and shape of the deck machinery may vary depending upon type of vessel, but the operating principles remain the same.

This includes the standard machinery that is found on the decks of merchant vessels. The size and shape of the deck machinery may vary depending upon type of vessel, but the operating principles remain the same.


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DECK MACHINERY

Cargo Winches

These are power-driven

machines used to lift, lower, or

move cargo. Winches are

classified according to their

source of power. Electric

winches are standard equipment

on most vessels. An electric

winch has a steel base on which

the winch drum, motor, gears,

shafts, and brakes are mounted.

Cargo Winches

These are power-driven

machines used to lift, lower, or

move cargo. Winches are

classified according to their

source of power. Electric

winches are standard equipment

on most vessels. An electric

winch has a steel base on which

the winch drum, motor, gears,

shafts, and brakes are mounted.


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DECK MACHINERY

Cargo Winches

The drum, which has cable wound on it, is usually smooth with flanged ends. It turns on a horizontal axis and is driven through single or double reduction gears by an electric motor (usually direct current). A solenoid brake and a mechanical brake are fitted to the motor shaft. The winch is located on deck.

Cargo Winches

The drum, which has cable wound on it, is usually smooth with flanged ends. It turns on a horizontal axis and is driven through single or double reduction gears by an electric motor (usually direct current). A solenoid brake and a mechanical brake are fitted to the motor shaft. The winch is located on deck.


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DECK MACHINERY

Capstan (bocurgat-dik ırgat)

The capstan is a vertically mounted winch head used aboard ship when mechanical power is required for raising anchor, lifting heavy weights, or for any similar work.

Capstan (bocurgat-dik ırgat)

The capstan is a vertically mounted winch head used aboard ship when mechanical power is required for raising anchor, lifting heavy weights, or for any similar work.

FENER

KASTANYOLA


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CapstanCapstan


4242

DECK MACHINERY

Windlass (ırgat)Windlass (ırgat)


Documents

02.Structure and Main Part of the Ship