02700 Seweage

gsbc test of template

Division02 - Sitework

Section02700 - Sewerage and Drainage

Part 1: General

1 01Summary

The work covered by this Section consists of providing all tools, labour, equipment, scaffolding and materials and performing all operations in connection with sewage, stormwater and subsoil drainage outside buildings on building sites.

Piping below buildings is deemed to be included in this Section, provided it does not form part of the piping system of the building.

1 01 01Section Includes

01.0Sanitary Sewerage (Gravity System)

02.0Stormwater Drainage (Gravity System)

03.0Subsoil Drainage

04.0Sanitary Sewerage (Pressure System)

05.0Stormwater Drainage (Pressure System)

06.0Water Treatment (Drainage Field System)

1 01 04Related Sections

02200 Earthwork

02500 Paving and Surfacing

02810 Irrigation

02900 Landscaping

03300 Cast-in Place Concrete

03400 Precast Concrete

04200 Unit Masonry

07100 Waterproofing

09200 Lath and Plaster

15400 Plumbing

16000 Applicable Sections of Division 16: Electrical

1 02References

1 02 01Applicable Standards

1 02 01 03International Standards

1 02 01 03 01International Standard Organization (ISO)

ISO 161-1 : 96Thermoplastics pipes for the conveyance of fluids - Nominal pressures - Part 1: Metric series

ISO 265-1 : 88Pipes and fittings of plastic material - Fittings for domestic and

industrial waste pipes - Basic dimensions: Metric series - Part 1: Unplasticized Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC-U)

ISO 559 : 91Steel tubes for water and sewage

ISO 2531 : 91Ductile iron pipes, fittings and accessories for pressure pipelines

ISO 3514 : 76Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CPVC) Pipes and Fittings

ISO 4179 : 85Ductile iron pipes for pressure and non-pressure pipelines -Centrifugal cement mortar lining - General requirements

ISO 4433-1 : 97Thermoplastic pipes - Resistance to liquid chemical classification - Immersion test method

ISO 4435 : 91Unplasticized poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC-U) pipes and fittings for buried drainage and sewerage systems

ISO 4633 : 96 Rubber seals - Joint rings for water supply, drainage and sewerage pipelines - Specification for materials

ISO 5256 : 91Steel pipes and fittings for buried or submerged pipelines External and internal coating by bitumen or coal tar derived

material

ISO 6594 : 83 Cast iron drainage pipes and fittings - Spigot series

ISO 6708 : 95Pipework components - Definitions and selection of DN

ISOTR 7073 : 88 Recommended techniques for the installation of unplasticized poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC-U) buried drains and sewers

ISO 7186 : 96Ductile iron products for sewage applications

ISO 7268 : 83Pipe components - Definition of nominal pressure

ISO 7370 : 83GRP pipes reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) pipes and fittings

ISO 8179-1 : 95Ductile iron pipes - External zinc coating - Part 1:Metallic zinc with finishing layer

ISO 8179-2 : 95Ductile iron pipes - External zinc coating -Part 2: Zinc rich paint with finishing layer

ISO 8180 : 85Ductile iron pipes - Polyethylene sleeving

ISO 8572 : 91Pipes and fittings made of glass-reinforced thermosetting plastics (GRP) - Definitions of terms relating to pressure, including relationships between them, and terms for installation and jointing

ISO 8772 : 91High-density polyethylene (PE-HD) pipes and fittings for buried drainage and sewerage systems - Specifications

ISO 8773 : 91Polypropylene (PP) pipes and fittings for buried drainage andsewerage systems - Specifications

ISO/TR 10358 : 93Plastic pipes and fittings - Combined chemical resistance classification table

ISO/TR 10465-1: 93Underground Installation of flexible Glass-ReinforcedThermosetting Resin (GRP) Pipes; Part 1

ISO 10802 : 92Ductile iron pipelines - Hydrostatic testing after installation

ISO 10931-1 : 97 Plastics Piping Systems for Industrial applications - Poly Vinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)

1 02 01 04USA Standards

1 02 01 04 01American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM)

ASTM A 74 : 96 Standard Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings

ASTM A 796 : 95 Standard Practice for Structural Design of Corrugated Steel Pipe, Pipe-Arches, and Arches for Storm and Sanitary Sewers

and other Buried Applications

ASTM A 849 : 95Standard Specification for Post-Applied Coatings, Pavings, and Linings for Corrugated Steel Sewer and Drainage Pipe

ASTM A 862 : 93Standard Practice for Application of Bituminous (Asphalt) Coatings to Corrugated Steel Sewer and Drainage Pipe

ASTM A 888 : 95Standard Specification for Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping Applications

ASTM B 788M : 97Standard Practice for Installing Factory-Made Corrugated Aluminum Culverts and Storm Sewer Pipe

ASTM C 4 : 96 Standard Specification for Clay Drain Tile

ASTM C 12 : 95Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines

ASTM C 14M : 95Standard Specification for Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe [Metric]

ASTM C 32 : 93Standard Specification for Sewer and Manhole Brick (Made from Clay or Shale)

ASTM C 76M : 96Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm, Drain, and Sewer Pipe [Metric]

ASTM C 118M : 95Standard Specification for Concrete Pipe for Irrigation or Drainage [Metric]

ASTM C 412M : 94Standard Practice for Concrete Drain Tile [Metric]

ASTM C 425: 96Standard Specification for Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings

ASTM C 443M : 94Standard Specification for Joints for Circular Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets [Metric]

ASTM C 444M : 95Standard Specification for Perforated Concrete Pipe [Metric]

ASTM C 478M : 96Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections [Metric]

ASTM C 564: 95Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings

ASTM C 654M : 95Standard Specification for Porous Concrete Pipe [Metric]

ASTM C 655M : 95Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe [Metric]

ASTM C 700 : 96Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength, Standard Strength, and Perforated

ASTM C 722 : 94Standard Specification for Chemical-Resistant Resin Monolithic Surfaces

ASTM C 822 : 93Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products

ASTM C 828 : 89Standard Test Method for Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines

ASTM C 877M : 94Standard Specification for External Sealing Bands for Non-circular Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe [Metric]

ASTM C 1227 : 98Standard Specification for Precast Septic Tanks

ASTM D 1785 : 96Standard Specification for Poly (vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120

ASTM D 2235R : 96Standard Specification for Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings

ASTM D 2321R : 95Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications

ASTM D 2564 : 96Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems

ASTM D 2661 : 96Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings

ASTM D 2665 : 96Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings

ASTM D 2729 : 96Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings

ASTM D 2751 : 96Standard Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Sewer Pipe and Fittings

ASTM D 2852 : 95Standard Specification for Styrene-Rubber (SR) Plastic Drain Pipe and Fittings

ASTM D 2855 : 96Standard Practice for Making Solvent-Cemented Joints with Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe and Fittings

ASTM D 2949 : 96Standard Specification for 3.25-In. Outside Diameter Class Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Fittings

ASTM D 2996 : 95Standard Specification for Filament-Wound Fiberglass (Glass-fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Pipe

ASTM D 3034 : 96Standard Specification for Type PSM Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) Sewer Pipe and Fittings

ASTM D 3122 : 95Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Styrene-Rubber (SR) Plastic Pipe and Fittings

ASTM D 3212R : 96Standard Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals

ASTM D 3262 : 96Standard Specification for Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer Pipe

ASTM D 3311 : 94Standard Specification for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) Plastic Fittings Patterns

ASTM D 3839 : 96Standard Practice for Underground Installation of Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe

ASTM D 5926 : 96Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Gaskets for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV), Sewer, Sanitary, and Storm

Plumbing Systems

ASTM F 405 : 96 Standard Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Tubing and Fittings

ASTM F 412R : 94Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems

ASTM F 438: 96Standard Specification for Socket-Type CPVC Plastic Pipe Fittings Schedule 40

ASTM F 449: 93Standard Practice for Subsurface Installation of Corrugated Thermoplastic Tubing for Agricultural Drainage or Water Table Control

ASTM F 477 : 96 Standard Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Jointing Plastic Pipe

ASTM F 481 : 94Standard Practice for Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe and Corrugated Tubing in Septic Tank Leach Fields

ASTM F 679 : 95Standard Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Large-Diameter Plastic Gravity Sewer Pipe and Fittings

ASTM F 758 : 95Standard Specification for Smooth-Wall Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic Under-drain Systems for Highway, Airport, and Similar Drainage

ASTM F 789R : 95Standard Specification for Type PS-46 and Type PS 115 Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) Plastic Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe and Fittings

ASTM F 800 : 89Standard Specification for Corrugated Poly Vinyl Chloride Tubing and Compatible Fittings

ASTM F 810: 93Standard Specification for Smooth-Wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe for Use in Drainage and Waste Disposal Absorption Fields

ASTM F 949 : 96Standard Specification for Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) Corrugated Sewer Pipe With a Smooth Interior and Fittings

ASTM F 1412 : 96Standard Specification for Polyolefin Pipe and Fittings for Corrosive Waste Drainage Systems

ASTM F 1673 : 95Standard Specification for Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Corrosive Waste Drainage Systems

1 02 01 04 03American National Standard Institute (ANSI)

ANSI A 21.11 : 95Rubber-Gasket Joints for Ductile Iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings (identical with C 111 of the American Water Works Association

1 02 01 05European Standards

EN 124 : 94Gully tops and manhole tops for vehicular and pedestrian areas

EN 295 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and joints for drains and sewers

EN 295-1 : 91Requirements

EN 295-2 : 91Quality control and sampling

EN 295-3 : 91Test methods

EN 295-4 : 95Requirements for special fittings, adapters and compatible

accessories

EN 295-5 : 94Requirements for perforated vitrified clay pipes and fittings

EN 295-6 : 95Requirements for vitrified clay manholes

EN 295-7 : 95Requirements for vitrified clay pipes and joints for pipe jacketing

EN 476 : 97General requirements for components used in discharge pipes, drains and sewers for gravity systems

EN 588

Fibre-cement pipes for sewers and drains

EN 588-1 : 96Pipes, joints and fittings for gravity systems

EN 588-2 : 95Manholes and Inspection Chambers

EN 598 : 94Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for sewage applications. Requirements and test methods

EN 681

Elastomeric seals - Material requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and drainage applications

EN 681-1 : 96Vulcanized rubber

EN 752

Drain and sewer systems outside buildings

EN 752-1 : 95Generalities and definitions

EN 752-2 : 96Performance requirements

EN 752-3 : 96Planning

EN 752-4 : 97Hydraulic design and environmental considerations

EN 752-5 : 97Rehabilitation

EN 752-6 : 98Pumping installations

EN 752-7 : 98Maintenance and operations

EN 1091 : 96Vacuum sewerage systems outside buildings

EN 1401 Plastic piping systems for non-pressure underground drainage and sewerage. Unplasticized poly(vinylchloride) (PVC-U)

EN 1401-1 : 98Specifications for pipes, fittings and the system

EN 1610 : 97Construction and testing of drains and sewers

EN 1671 : 97Pressure sewerage systems outside buildings

EN 1917 : 95Concrete Manholes and Inspection Chambers, unreinforced, steel fibre and reinforced

EN 12729 : 97Backflow Preventer with controllable Reduced Pressure Zone

1 02 01 06British Standards

BS 534 : 90Specification for steel pipes, joints and specials for water and sewage

BS 882 : 92Specification for aggregates from natural sources for concrete

BS 2494 : 90Elastomeric Seals for Joints in Pipework and Pipelines

BS 4660 : 89Replaced by EN 1401-1

BS 5480 : 90Specification for glass reinforced (GRP) pipes, joints and fittingsfor use for water supply or sewerage

BS 5911Precast concrete pipes, fittings and ancillary products

BS 5911-2 :82Specification for Inspection Chambers

BS 5911-100: 88 Specification for unreinforced and reinforced pipes and fittingswith flexible joints

BS 5911-103 : 94 Specification for prestressed non-pressure pipes and fittings with flexible joints

BS 5911-114 : 92 Specification for porous pipes

BS 5911-200 : 94 Specification for unreinforced and reinforced manholes and soakaways of circular cross section

BS 6100Glossary of terms

BS 6100-2/Sec. 2.5 Hydraulic engineering and construction work

BS 6100-2/Sec. 2.8Pipelines and ducts

BS 6100-3/Sec. 3.3Sanitation

BS 7158 : 89Plastic Inspection Chambers

BS 8005-1 : Replaced by BS-EN 752 -2 ff

BS 8010-2 Pipelines on land: design, construction and installation

BS 8010-2/2.1 : 87Ductile Iron

BS 8010-2/2.5 : 89Glass reinforced thermosetting plastics

BS 8010-2/2.7 : 89Precast concrete

1 02 02Codes

Uniform Building Code (UBC) as issued by the International Conference of Building Officials; Whittier, California; USA

Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) as issued by the International Conference of Building Officials; Whittier, California; USA

BS 8000-14 : 89Code of practice for below ground drainage

BS 8010

Code of practice for pipelines

1 02 03Other References

IAPMOInternational Association of Plumbing Officials and Mechanical Officials

2001 Walnut, California, United States

MSSManufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings Industry 127 Park St NE, 22180 Vienna, VA, United States

BOCAInternational Private Sewage Disposal Code 1995

Building Officials & Code Administrators International;

4051Flossmmor Rd; 60478-5795 Country Club Hill, IL, United States

ASSEAmerican Society of Sanitary Engineers

NPC National Plumbing Code; USA

1 03Definitions

1 03 01Technical Terms

adaptor - special item made from the same material as the pipe or other suitable material, to join together pipes and fittings of different jointing systems or to join them to items of other pipeline systems

bell - the flared-end portion of a pipe or fitting designed to function in the jointing of other such pipe. (ASTM C 896)

beveled pipe - a pipe with an end chamfered to mate or adjust to another surface or to assist in assembly. (ASTM F 412)

blinding - the placement of soil, bedding material over and on the sides of the plastic tubing or envelope to ensure proper grade, alignment, support , and protection of the tubing during backfilling and after installation

compression joint - a joint designed so that a sealing action is obtained by compression elastomeric components. (ASTM C 896)

conduit - a pipe for conveying fluid

cradle - a prefabricated rigid structure designed to provide trench bottom support for the plastic tubing when soil support is inadequate (ASTM F 449)

culvert - a pipeline intended to convey water under a highway, railroad, canal, or similar facility (ASTM C 822)

drain - pipeline, usually underground, designed to carry wastewater and /or surface water from a source to a sewer (EN 752-1)

dry well - dry chamber forming part of a pumping station and containing pumping equipment, normally used in compliance with a wet well (EN 752-6)

ductile iron - cast iron used for pipes, fittings and accessories in which graphite is present substantially in spheroidal form

elastomeric seal - a material or device that is elastomeric in nature and is used to effect a seal between separable piping components (ASTM F 412)

encasement - special materials, their placement and configuration which are designed to fully surround a pipe and develop a field supporting strength which exceeds that of other commonly used installation and bedding techniques.

envelope - porous material placed around the plastic tubing to provide bedding, improve the flow of ground water and subsurface water into the drain, or function as a filter (ASTM F 449)

exfiltration - the quality of water leaving the test section during a specified time period

filter - an envelope of material or synthetic materials placed completely around the drain to permit free water movement into the drain, provide stabilizing support at the soil-filter interface, and restrict movement of silt and sand into the drain

fittings - products such as wyes, tees, elbows, adapters, etc. Used in the installation of pipelines. (ASTM C 896) or piping components used to join or terminate sections of pipe or to provide changes of direction or branching in a pipe system (ASTM F 412)

flexible pipe - pipe, the load carrying capacity of which is limited by diametral deformation under load to the ultimate design criteria without breaking or over stressing (EN 476)

flexible joint - joint, which permits significant angular deflection both during and after installation and which, can accept a slight offset of the centerline.

gasket - sealing component of a joint

gully - an assembly to receive surface water for discharge into a drainage system

gully top - that part of a gully consisting of a frame and grating and/or cover which is placed on the gully pot (body) at the place of installation (EN 124)

grade rings - precast concrete rings used for vertical adjustment at the top of a manhole to set manhole casting to proper grade (ASTM C 822)

grating - the removable part(s) of a manhole top or gully top which covers a manhole or gully opening (EN 124)

gravity system - system where flow is caused by the force of gravity and where the pipe normally operates partially full only. (EN 476)

groundwater - water present in the sub-surface strata (EN 752-1)

haunch - that portion of a pipe barrel extending from bottom to springline.

haunching - the act of placing bedding material around the haunch of a pipe.

hydrostatic test - a test of the ability of a pipe or its joints to withstand internal hydrostatic pressure

industrial waste - the water-conveyed residues resulting from manufacturing or processing operations.

infiltration - the quality of ground water entering the test section during a specified time period (ASTM C 896)

initial backfill - (1) layer of fill material immediately above the crown of the pipe. Minimum thickness 300 mm unless otherwise indicated; (2) location for placement of selected material , extending 300 mm from top of the bedding material, applicable only in context with ASTM C 12

inspection chamber - chamber with a removable cover constructed on a drain or sewer that provides access from surface level only, but does not permit entry of a person (EN 752-1)

internal quality control - Contractors organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, processes and resources for implementing a quality management.

invert - lowest point of the internal surface of the barrel of a pipe or channel at any cross section (EN 476)

joint - connection between the adjacent ends of two pipes or components including the means of sealing (EN 476)

manhole - chamber with a removable cover constructed on a drain or sewer to permit entry by personnel (EN 752-1)

mitered pipe - see beveled pipe

nominal size (DN) - a numerical designation of the size of a pipe, bend or branch fitting, which is a convenient round number approximately equal to a manufactured dimension

O-ring gasket - a solid gasket of circular cross section

pipe barrel - cylindrical part of the pipe with a uniform cross section excluding socket and spigot (EN 476)

pipe bedding - the materials, their placement, consolidation and compaction , as designed to support pipes laid in trenches below ground level (ASTM C 896)

pipeline - assembly of pipes, fittings and joints between manholes or other structures (EN 1610)

push-on joint - a joint in which an elastomeric ring gasket is compressed in the annular space between a bell end or socket and a spigot end of pipe. Sometimes called a bell-and-spigot gasket joint (ASTM F 412)

push-fit joint - see push-on joint

rigid joint - a connection that is designed not to permit angular deflection or axial movement in service

rigid pipe - pipe, the load carrying capacity of which is limited by breaking or overstressing, without significant deformation of its cross section

rising main - pipe through which sewerage is pumped

SDR - standard dimension ratio: a numerical designation of a pipe series, approximately equal to the dimension ratio of the nominal outside diameter and the nominal wall thickness

separate system - sewer system, normally of two pipelines, one carrying waste water and the other surface water (EN 752-1)

selected material - see satisfactory material Section 02200 Earthwork

sewage - waste matter carried off by sewers (ASTM C 896)

sewer - an underground pipe/conduit conveying waste material in a liquid medium (ASTM C 896) or pipeline or other construction, usually underground, designed to carry wastewater and /or surface water from more than one source (EN 752-1)

sewer system - network of pipelines and ancillary works which conveys wastewater and /or surface water from drain to a treatment works or other place of disposal

sewerage - waste water and /or surface water conveyed by a drain or sewer (EN 752-1) or system for collection, treatment, and disposal of sewage from its point of origin to a treatment place or another place of disposal (ASTM C 896)

side fills - material between bedding and initial backfill

SN - nominal ring stiffness: a numerical designation of the ring stiffness of a pipe or fitting, which is a convenient round number, relative to the determined stiffness in kN/m2, indicating the minimum ring stiffness of a pipe or fitting

socket - the portion of a pipe jointing system that is designed to accept and fit in a plain-end pipe or a spigot-end pipe. (ASTM C 896)

solvent cement - an adhesive made by dissolving a plastic resin or compound and a suitable solvent or mixture of solvents (ASTM F 412)

spigot - that portion of a pipe jointing system that fits into the bell or socket of the preceding pipe. (ASTM C 896)

storm drain - a pipeline intended to convey stormwater (ASTM C 822)

surcharge - condition in which wastewater and/or surface water is held under pressure within a gravity drain or sewer system, but does not escape to the surface to cause flooding (EN 752-1)

surface water- rainwater, which has not seeped into the ground and which is discharged to the drain or sewer system directly from the ground or from exterior building roofs and surfaces (EN 752-2)

1 03 02Abbreviations

DN

nominal size

G

gully

Q.C.

Quality Control

MH

manhole

sw

storm water

ww

waste water

1 04System Description

1 04 02 01General

Unless otherwise indicated, deliver and install the system, provide operational properties and, at any time, comply with basic principles including but not limited to the following:

Extend underground sewers and drains to connect to building sewers and drains, public utility mains, septic tank, or drain trench/drainage field, of sizes and locations indicated or appropriate. Install sewerage and stormwater piping as separate system.

Ensure that lines, levels and structural conditions of all relevant existing sewers, drains, subsoil drains, ditches and other structures will be preserved. Ensure that the impact of drain and sewer system on the receiving waters shall meet the requirements of the relevant authority and the receiving waters will be protected from pollution within the accepted limits.

Make sure that drains and sewers will be watertight in accordance with testing requirements and odour nuisance and toxicity do not arise. Deliver and install all pipework in a way that it operates without blocking. Install piping pitched down in direction of flow, at minimum slope of one (1) %.

Provide access to the system by means of manholes, inspection chambers and access fittings, where practically, at every change of alignment or gradient, at the head of all sewers and drains, at every junction of two or more pipelines, wherever there is a change in size and, in addition, at reasonable intervals for inspection and maintenance. Provide and install proper sized increasers, reducers, and couplings where different sizes or material of pipes and fittings are connected. Reduction of the size of piping in the direction of flow is prohibited. For gravity systems, ensure that drains and sewers will be sufficiently ventilated to the atmosphere by allowing free passage of air through the system.

1 04 02 02Pumping of Sewage in a Gravity System and in a System Under Pressure

Unless otherwise indicated, install-pumping installations in compliance with but not limited to the following basic principles:

Establish maximum and minimum predicted flow rate to determine the duty points of the pump(s) and the size of mechanical and electrical equipment, which is necessary. The hydraulic design of the rising main and the pumping equipment shall be considered together. Acceptable methods for calculation of head losses and flows in pipes shall be approved by the Engineer.

Flushing and rodding connections shall be incorporated in the rising main where required. The diameter of the rising main(s) shall be determined by considering design flow rates and associated velocities, minimum velocities to limit sedimentation and minimum diameter to limit clogging

Pipelines shall be designed and installed for pressure resulting from maximum flow, no flow and transient pressures (positive or negative), also taking account of external loads. In the case of transient conditions, the amplitude and frequency shall be determined. Surge analysis shall be carried out taking into account all possible operation conditions. The method of analysis shall be approved by the Engineer.

Thrust forces occurring at valves, changes in direction and diameter, branches and pipe ends, shall be contained. Possible methods and provisions include restrained joints over an adequate length of pipeline, thrust or anchor blocks and cradles and clamps, generally for non-buried pipelines. Anchorages shall be installed to avoid transmitting vibration. Discharge points shall be installed to minimize splashing and noise. Manholes into which rising mains discharge shall be well ventilated. Septicity shall be kept to a minimum.

1 05Submittals

In compliance with Conditions of Contract and provisions of Section 01300, the following shall be submitted thirty (30) days before sewerage and drainage works are scheduled to commence:

1 05 01Product Data

Manufacturers product specification and recommended installation instructions for each item to be furnished and installed, include manufacturers certification showing compliance with requirements. Manufacturers operating and maintenance requirements as applicable.

1 05 02Shop Drawings

Shop drawings for manholes, septic tank(s), pump station if any, sump pits, inspection chambers, seepage tanks, seepage fields, etc.

Longitudinal section profile drawings showing pipe sizes and manholes, locations, elevations, and other piping in the same trench, including details of underground structures and connections.

1 05 03Samples

Accompanying the above submittal, the Contractor shall submit samples of each item of adequate size and construction.

1 05 04Quality Control Submittals

Documented experience of Contractors site supervisor.

Records and reports of Contractors Internal Q.C

Records and reports of Contractors field Q.C

1 06Quality Assurance

Sampling, testing and checking procedures shall be recorded on a daily basis (i.e. indicating day, month, year) including corrective actions taken by the Contractor if necessary. Reports and records shall be available for assessment to the Engineer not later than three (3) days after testing and checking. Reports and records shall be established and maintained in a manner to ensure traceability.

Arrangements shall be made in Contractors work schedule and time allowed for checking and testing as indicated.

1 06 01Qualifications

Contractors site supervisor shall have knowledge of referenced standards and at least five (5) years of documented experience in works related to sewerage, stormwater, and subsoil drainage and shall have successfully completed works similar in material, design, and extent to that indicated for the project. Installers shall be familiar with the material and installation procedures indicated and shall be skilled and trained.

1 06 02Regulatory Requirements

Comply with all aspects of requirements of local authorities.

1 06 04Quality Control

1 06 04 01Internal Quality Control

Contractors Internal Quality Control shall include but not limited to:

Checking suppliers test certificates and certificates of compliance to conform to Specification and referenced Standards prior to first delivery.

Checking suppliers delivery tickets of each delivery for completeness and compliance with supply order and specification.

Checking labels and the condition of pipes and components of each delivery, particular to ensure that:

- pipes and components are undamaged

- protective coatings of pipes and fittings are undamaged

- where pipes are provided with factory applied jointing material, jointing material is in proper condition.

- jointing components and containers of lubricants are undamaged, not deteriorated, and labeled service life is still valid.

Checking if equipment and tools are in a serviceable condition at least every week

Checking the correct storage of pipes, accessories and components every week.

Field Quality Control as indicated

1 07Delivery, Storage and Handling

1 07 01Packing and Shipping

At all times material shall be handled with care to avoid damage.

Moving pipes and materials shall be held to a minimum to reduce the possibility of damage. Whether moved by hands, hoists, or other acceptable method, material shall not be thrown, dropped, dragged, bumped, or allowed to impact on objects that cause damage. Except for concrete pipes, the recommended way of transporting and unloading of pipes is in package units using mechanical equipment.

1 07 02Storage and Protection

Pipe package units shall be stored and placed on level ground, stacked not more than one unit high. Package units on the ground shall be protected by appropriate pieces of timber. When unloading individual pipes, the pipes shall be placed on wooden supports, placed about one-fifth of the length of the pipe from each end.

Where individual pipes are to be stacked, they shall be arranged, so that the sockets and spigots are not loaded and excessive loads are not carried by pipes lower in the stack. Rubber gaskets and similar material shall be stored in their original containers and kept away from oil, grease, direct sunlight, sources of ozone such as fluorescent light and electric motors, excessive heat and areas where temperatures exceed 60 deg. C. PVC pipes and similar material shall be kept away from direct sunlight .

1 08Project and Site Conditions

1 08 01Existing Conditions

Protect all existing utility lines, overhead or underground, from damage due to any construction activity. Identify and describe unexpected variations to subsoil conditions or discovery of uncharted utility lines or other facilities. Repair any damage to existing utility lines or other facilities and pay all associated costs.

1 08 02Environmental Requirements

Comply with any applicable portion of local environmental regulations pertaining to sanitary sewerage and drainage.

Part 2: Products

Unless otherwise indicated or approved by the Engineer, material and components for like functions shall be used continuously through the entire Section with all parts for assembly and installation, from the same source, same manufacturer, or as recommended by the manufacturer. All pipe, pipe fitting material and components shall be compatible with each other and shall be designed and manufactured for the intended use, nature of fluid, pressure, load, and temperature.

Fittings shall be molded or formed to correspond in all respects with the properties of the pipe of the corresponding size; in required tee, bends, elbows, clean-outs, reducers, traps and other configurations required.

2 01Sanitary Sewerage (Gravity System)

2 01 01Pipe and Fittings

2 01 01 02Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings

Vitrified clay pipe, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated, shall comply with one of the following standards:

01.0 236; EN 295; ASTM C 700,

01.1ordinary strength / class B, 236 or equivalent.

01.2high strength / class A, 236 or equivalent.

01.3Jointing: rubber or plastic gasket for push-in joints shall comply with one of the Standards: ASTM C 425; EN 295-4; or equivalent.

When connecting two spigot ends, coupling shall be made of a rubber or elastomeric sealing sleeve with approved stainless steel clamp ring assembly.

2 01 01 03Concrete Pipe and Fittings

2 01 01 03 01Non-reinforced Concrete Pipe

Non-reinforced concrete pipe shall comply with the standard(s) indicated:

01.0ASTM C 14M, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1Class 1, wall thickness and minimum strength depending on pipe diameter.



01.4Jointing: rubber compression gasket according to ASTM C 443.

02.0BS 5911-100, spigot and socket type or for rebated joints, type of cement, use of blast furnace slag, fuel-ash and admixtures as approved by the Engineer, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

02.1class L (light).

02.2class M (medium).

02.3class H (heavy).

02.4Jointing: elastomeric gasket type D (rolling or sliding ring) according to BS 2494.

2 01 01 03 02Reinforced Concrete Pipe

Reinforced Concrete Pipe, spigot and socket type, shall comply with the standard(s) indicated:

01.0ASTM C 76M, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1 class I, minimum concrete strength 27,6 or 34,5 MPa, depending on pipe diameter, wall thickness as indicated.

01.2class II, minimum concrete strength 27,6 or 34,5 MPa, depending on pipe diameter, wall thickness as indicated.

01.3class III, minimum concrete strength 27,6 or 34,5 MPa, depending on pipe diameter, wall thickness as indicated.

01.4class IV, minimum concrete strength 27,6 or 34,5 MPa, depending on pipe diameter, wall thickness as indicated.

01.5class V, minimum concrete strength 41.4 MPa, wall thickness as indicated.



02.1Class L (light).

02.2Class M (medium).

02.3Class H (heavy).


2 01 01 04Cast Iron Pipes and Fittings

2 01 01 04 01Cast Iron Pipe

Cast-iron soil pipe, shall comply with standard(s) indicated:

01.0 spigot and socket type, ASTM A 74, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1Class: Extra Heavy.

01.2Class: Service.

01.3Jointing: rubber compression gasket according to ASTM C 564

02.0 882, hubless type, coated, for coupling joints, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.

02.1Couplings: rubber or elastomeric sealing sleeve with approved stainless steel clamp ring assembly .

2 01 01 04 02Ductile Cast Iron Pipe

Ductile cast-iron pipe, for push-on flexible joints, shall comply with standard(s) indicated:

01.0ASTM A 746, with external asphaltic coating and internal cement mortar lining of type as approved by the Engineer, pipe wall thickness depending on installation conditions (Type 1 to 5), pipe diameter(s) as indicated.

01.1Jointing: rubber gasket joint according to ANSI C 111/A 21.11 or equivalent.

02.0EN 598, spigot and socket type, with external zinc coating and finishing layer compatible with zinc, internal lining of high-alumina cement mortar, and an epoxy-based coating of the end surfaces which can come in contact with the sewerage effluents, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.

When agreed by the Engineer, external coating may be alternatively made of extruded polyethylene, extruded propylene, polyurethane, or fiber cement mortar.

Internal lining may be alternatively made of blast furnace cement mortar, polyurethane, polyethylene or epoxy resin.

02.1Jointing: flexible rubber gasket according to ISO 4633 or equivalent.

2 01 01 05Plastic Pipe and Fittings

2 01 01 05 01Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipe shall comply with standard(s) indicated:

01.0SSA 14, made of uPVC, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.

01.1Class 2.

01.2Class 3.

01.3Jointing: elastomeric gasket.

02.0ISO 4435, made of uPVC, spigot and socket type, for buried (UD) application, pipe diameter as indicated.

02.1Jointing: elastomeric sealing ring according to ISO 4633 or equivalent.

03.0EN 1401-1, made of uPVC, spigot and socket type, for buried (UD) application, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

03.1wall thickness SDR 34 (SN 8).



03.4Jointing: elastomeric O-ring seal according to EN 681.

03.5Jointing: solvent cement as recommended by the pipe manufacturer.

04.0ASTM D 2729, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.

04.1Jointing: solvent cement in compliance with ASTM D 2564.

05.0ASTM D 3034 (PSM), spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

05.1minimum wall thickness SDR 23,5.

05.2minimum wall thickness SDR 26.



05.5Jointing: elastomeric gasket according to ASTM D 3212.

05.6Jointing: elastomeric seal or gasket according to ASTM F 477.

05.7Jointing: solvent cement in compliance with ASTM D 2564 and ASTM D 2855.

06.0ASTM F 679, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

06.1 minimum cell classification T-1.

06.2minimum cell classification T-2.

06.3Jointing: integral elastomeric seal according to ASTM F 477.

2 01 01 05 03Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Pipe

ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene) sewer pipe and fittings shall comply with Standard(s) indicated:

01.0ASTM D 2751, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1Wall thickness SDR 23,5.

01.2Wall thickness SDR 35.

01.3Wall thickness SDR 42.

01.4Jointing: solvent cement according to ASTM D 2235.

01.5Jointing: elastomeric gasket according to ASTM F 477.

2 01 01 06Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (GRP) Pipes and Fittings

Glass-fiber reinforced plastic pipes, spigot and socket type, shall comply with the standard(s) indicated:

01.0ASTM D 3263, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1type 1 (RPMP polyester)

01.2type 2 (RTRP polyester)

01.3type 3 (RPMP epoxy)

01.4type 4 (RTRP epoxy)

01.5Jointing: elastomeric seal or gasket in compliance with ASTM F 477.

02.0BS 5480, type G (gravity), max. internal hydrostatic pressure < 0,5 bar, for flexible joints, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.

02.1Jointing: elastomeric sealing ring according to BS 2494.

2 01 02Granular Pipe Bedding Material

Granular pipe bedding material includes single-size granular material, graded granular material, sand, all-in aggregates, and crushed aggregates.

Granular material shall be in accordance with BS 882 or an equivalent standard.

The grading shall conform to the overall limits given in Table 2-4 / Annex 6

2 01 03Accessories

2 01 03 01Manholes

2 01 03 01 01Construction

01.0Reinforced precast concrete sections in compliance with ASTM C 478 or equivalent, designed and formed with male and female ends, with provision for rubber gasket joints, minimum compressive strength 27,5 MPa (4000 psi), manhole top (concentric cone, eccentric cone or flat slab top) as indicated, top of cone to match grade rings, resilient connectors between manhole, pipes and laterals.

01.1Including base riser section and separate base slab.

01.2Including base riser section with integral floor.

02.0Reinforced cast-in place concrete as specified in Section 03300, manhole design as shown on drawings or otherwise indicated, minimum concrete compressive strength 27,5 MPa, watertight.

03.0Concrete brick/block units, modular size, minimum average compressive strength 24,1 MPa (3500 psi) unless otherwise indicated, manhole design as shown on drawings or otherwise indicated.

Clay manhole brick units, modular size, manhole design as shown on drawings or otherwise indicated, minimum average compressive strength 21 MPa (3000 psi) unless otherwise indicated.

For excavation and backfilling see Section 02200 Earthwork.

2 01 03 01 02Manhole Cover and Frame

01.0Grey cast iron construction, machined flat bearing surface, removable cover including frame, in compliance with 413, live load rating and nominal sizes as indicated.

02.0Grey cast iron construction, machined flat bearing surface, removable cover including frame, boltable unless otherwise indicated, minimum tensile strength 207 MPa (min. class 30 B ASTM A 48), with 100 mm minimum width flange, size, and closed surface or open checkerboard grille as indicated.

03.0Cast iron construction, in compliance with EN 124, machined flat bearing surface, removable cover, boltable unless otherwise indicated, vented, minimum vent area > 5% of the clear opening up to 600 mm clear opening and >140 cm2 for clear openings > 600 mm, nominal size as indicated,

03.1class A 15 (test load 15 KN) where indicated.

03.2class B 125 (test load 125 KN) where indicated.

03.3class C 250 (test load 250 KN) where indicated.

03.4class D 400 (test load 400 KN) where indicated.

03.5class E 600 (test load 600 KN) where indicated.

03.6class F 900 (test load 900 KN) where indicated.

2 01 03 01 03Manhole Steps

Shall be made of cast iron, epoxy coated, non-slip finishing, designed to support a concentrated load of 227 kg, at 300 mm intervals. Minimum treads length 300 mm, minimum tread width 25 mm .

2 01 03 02Inspection Chamber

Shall be made of cast-iron unless otherwise indicated. Plastic inspection chambers shall comply with BS 7158 or equivalent. Inspection chambers made of GRC shall comply with EN 588-2 or equivalent. Concrete inspection chambers shall comply with EN 1917 or equivalent.

2 01 03 03Components for Pumping of Sewage in a Gravity System

2 01 03 03 01Pumps

Each pump and its drive unit shall be suitable for the nature and composition of sewage to be pumped and for the throughout the specified range of pumping requirements such as flow rates, heads, duty points.

2 01 03 03 02Prime Movers and Drives

Prime movers and drives shall be electrical type unless otherwise indicated and shall be suitable for the type of pump specified or selected and rated for all operational conditions. Where electric motors are to be in contact with potentially explosive atmospheres, they shall be explosion proof. Type of drive may be direct, geared, belt, close coupled, intermediate shafting as indicated and/or approved by the Engineer.

Vibration shall be kept at a minimum.

2 01 03 03 03Valves

All valves shall be suitable for use of wastewater indicated or expected for the Project and shall be identified by suitable tags.

Valves of following types shall be used where indicated or appropriate and approved by the Engineer:

- Isolating valve, to allow sections of pipework, pumps, valves etc. to be removed without emptying the whole raising main.

- Washout valve at low or intermediate points to allow sections of the rising main to be emptied.

- Non-return valve at pumps to prevent backflow from the rising main.

- Air valves at summits and other points indicated by a surge analysis. When a single valve is used, it shall be double acting.

When fully open, valves shall not disturb the flow distribution.

To minimize surge pressure in the rising main, all valves on rising main shall be arranged to close before pumps are stopped, and to open after they have reached full speed, both at controlled rates. Pressure expansion vessels/tanks and/or water hammer arrestors shall be provided where necessary.

2 01 03 03 04Controls and Electrical Equipment

All electrical installations shall be in compliance with requirements specified in applicable Sections of Division 16: Electrical

Switchboards and motor controls shall be of modular construction. Each circuit shall be totally segregated. Each pump set shall be provided with a separate starter.

Safeguards shall be incorporated in pump controls to stop units in the event of loss of suction pressure or unacceptable flow conditions. The control system shall ensure that unnecessary repeated stopping and starting or speed changes are avoided.

A separate connection point for a temporary power generator, with switching arrangements, shall be provided unless otherwise indicated.

2 01 03 03 05Instrumentation

Instrumentation shall be provided where indicated or appropriate and approved by the Engineer as follows:

- monitoring equipment (e.g. level, flow, pressure speed, voltage, power factor, hours run etc.)

- indication of operation of duty/standby pumps

2 01 03 03 06Alarms

When alarm system is indicated, it shall have an emergency power source capable of operating for at least 24 hours in the event of failure of the main power supply. The alarm system shall include where indicated: flammable gas, fire, high water level, bearing temperature, motor temperature, pump failure, and power failure.

2 01 04Sanitary Sewerage Collecting Tank

2 01 04 01General Requirements

Tanks shall be designed and manufactured so that they will not collapse or rupture when subjected to earth and hydrostatic pressures when the tanks are full or empty. Size, placement, and number of openings shall be taken into consideration. Unless heavier loads are expected, the minimum live load considered at any part of the tank surface shall be 14 kPa. If lifting points are to be provided, they shall be considered in the design and manufacturing of the structure. Unless an individual tank design requires otherwise, the following principles shall be taken into consideration:

The septic tank system shall include at least two compartments and a distribution chamber. The first compartment shall have a liquid volume of approximately two thirds of the liquid volume of the entire content of the system. No baffle, tee, outlet filter unit, or compartment wall shall extend to the interior roof without providing for venting. The cross-sectional area of a vent shall be at least equivalent to a DN 100 pipe diameter. The influent pipe shall be not less than DN 100 mm. The difference between the invert of the influent pipe and the invert of the effluent pipe shall be a minimum of 50 mm and a maximum of 100 mm. Inlet and outlet pipes shall be connected to the tank with a sealed flexible joint to accommodate tank movement. A baffle or tee shall be placed at the influent pipe. An outlet baffle or tee equipped with a solid deflection device or an outlet filter device shall be placed at the effluent pipe. All accessories shall be made of non-corrosive materials and shall be permanently connected with non-corrosive fasteners or fittings to the inside of the tank or inlet/outlet piping. Inlet baffles or tees shall extend at least 200 mm below the water line and at least 125 mm above the water line. The outlet device shall extend below the water line at least 250 mm but not lower than 40% of the tank total liquid depth. It shall extend 125 above liquid level. A solid deflector or outlet filter device shall be provided for the purpose of preventing suspended solids greater than 2.4 mm being discharged from the tank. All requirements given are for normal, low-flow conditions unless otherwise indicated. An access opening shall be located over the influent baffle and the effluent baffle. It shall be provided with a lock system to prevent unauthorized entrance. An access opening shall be provided to permit pumping of all compartments. An inspection hole, 100 mm in diameter, shall be located over an interior divider in a two-compartment tank.

2 01 04 02 Concrete Construction

01.0Reinforced precast concrete construction, waterproof, surface finishes as indicated, minimum concrete compressive strength 28 MPa (4000 psi). The concrete cover for reinforcing bars, mats or fabric shall be not less than 25 mm,

01.1Two-chamber system,

01.2Three-chamber system,

01.3Tank designs, capacity, concrete quality, internal and external waterproofing, etc. as shown on the drawings or otherwise indicated.

02.0Reinforced insitu-concrete construction, waterproof, surface finishes as indicated, minimum concrete compressive strength 28 MPa (4000 psi). The concrete cover for reinforcing bars, mats of fabric shall be not less than 25 mm,

02.1tank designs, capacity, concrete quality, internal and external waterproofing, etc. as shown on the drawings or otherwise indicated.

03.0Distribution chamber, made of reinforced concrete, waterproof, with single inlet, two outlets, gate removable cover with lift ring unless otherwise indicated.

2 01 05Water Treatment

Treated wastewater may be used as irrigation water supply and water for W/C flushing devices

To be specified by the Project Specifier! Information may be gathered from BS 6297 or similar sources

2 02Storm water Drainage (Gravity System)


2 02 01 01Steel Pipe and Fittings

In general steel pipes should not be used as buried underground piping

2 02 01 02Vitrified Clay Pipe and Fittings

Vitrified clay pipe, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated, shall comply with the Standards: EN 295; ASTM C 700,

Jointing: rubber or plastic gasket for push-in joints shall comply with one of the Standards: ASTM C 425; EN 295-4; or equivalent.

When connecting two spigot ends, coupling shall be made of a rubber or elastomeric sealing sleeve with approved stainless steel clamp ring assembly.


2 02 01 03 01Non-reinforced Concrete Pipe

Non-reinforced concrete pipe, shall comply with the standard(s) indicated:

01.0ASTM C 14M, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1class 1, wall thickness and minimum strength depending on pipe diameter.





02.1Class L (light).

02.2Class M (medium).

02.3Class H (heavy).


2 02 01 03 02Reinforced Concrete Pipe

Reinforced Concrete Pipe, spigot and socket type, shall comply with the standard(s) indicated:

01.0ASTM C 76M, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1 class I, minimum concrete strength 27,6 or 34,5 MPa, depending on pipe diameter, wall thickness as indicated.

01.2class II, minimum concrete strength 27,6 or 34,5 MPa, depending on pipe diameter, wall thickness as indicated.

01.3class III, minimum concrete strength 27,6 or 34,5 MPa, depending on pipe diameter, wall thickness as indicated.

01.4class IV, minimum concrete strength 27,6 or 34,5 MPa, depending on pipe diameter, wall thickness as indicated.

01.5class V, minimum concrete strength 41.4 MPa, wall thickness as indicated.



02.1class L (light).

02.2class M (medium).

02.3class H (heavy).


2 02 01 04Cast Iron Pipes and Fittings

2 02 01 04 01Cast Iron Pipe

Cast-iron soil pipe, shall comply with standard(s) indicated:

01.0 spigot and socket type, ASTM A 74, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1class: Extra Heavy.

01.2class: Service.

01.3Jointing: rubber compression gasket according to ASTM C 564

02.0 Hubless type, coated, for coupling joints, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.

02.1Couplings: rubber or elastomeric sealing sleeve with approved stainless steel clamp ring assembly .


2 02 01 05 01Plasticized Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe shall comply with standard(s) indicated:

01.0 made of uPVC, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1Class 2.

01.2Class 3.

01.3Jointing: elastomeric gasket.

02.0ISO 4435, made of uPVC, spigot and socket type, for UD application, pipe diameter as indicated.

02.1Jointing: elastomeric sealing ring according to ISO 4633 or equivalent.

03.0EN 1401-1, made of uPVC, spigot and socket type, for buried (UD) application, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,




03.4Jointing: elastomeric O-ring seal according to EN 681.

03.5Jointing: solvent cement as recommended by the pipe manufacturer.

04.0ASTM D 2729, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.

04.1Jointing: solvent cement in compliance with ASTM D 2564.

05.0ASTM D 3034 (PSM), spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

05.1minimum wall thickness SDR 23,5.




05.5Jointing: elastomeric gasket according to ASTM D 3212.

05.6Jointing: elastomeric seal or gasket according to ASTM F 477.

05.7Jointing: solvent cement in compliance with ASTM D 2564 and ASTM D 2855.

06.0ASTM F 679, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

06.1 minimum cell classification T-1.

06.2minimum cell classification T-2.

06.3Jointing: integral elastomeric seal according to ASTM F 477.

2 02 01 05 03Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) Pipe

ABS (Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene) sewer pipe and fittings shall comply with Standard(s) indicated:

01.0ASTM D 2751, spigot and socket type, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1wall thickness SDR 23,5.

01.2wall thickness SDR 35.

01.3wall thickness SDR 42.

01.4Jointing: solvent cement according to ASTM D 2235.

01.5Jointing: elastomeric gasket according to ASTM F 477.

2 02 01 06Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic (GRP) Pipes and Fittings

Glass-fiber reinforced plastic pipes, spigot and socket type, shall comply with the standard(s) indicated:

01.0ASTM D 3263, pipe diameter(s) as indicated,

01.1type 1 (RPMP polyester)

01.2type 2 (RTRP polyester)

01.3type 3 (RPMP epoxy)

01.4type 4 (RTRP epoxy)

01.5Jointing: elastomeric seal or gasket in compliance with ASTM F 477.

02.0BS 5480, type G (gravity), max. internal pressure < 0,5 bar, for flexible joints, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.

02.1Jointing: elastomeric sealing ring according to BS 2494.

2 02 02Granular Pipe Bedding Material

Granular pipe bedding material includes single-size granular material, graded granular material, sand, all-in aggregates, and crushed aggregates.

Granular material shall be in accordance with BS 882 or an equivalent standard.

The grading shall conform to the overall limits given in Table 2-4 / Annex 6.

2 02 03Accessories

2 02 03 01Manhole

2 02 03 01 01Construction

01.0Reinforced precast concrete sections in compliance with ASTM C 478 or equivalent, designed and formed with male and female ends, with provision for rubber gasket joints, minimum compressive strength 27,5 MPa (4000 psi), manhole top (concentric cone, eccentric cone or flat slab top) as indicated, top of cone to match grade rings, resilient connectors between manhole, pipes and laterals.

01.1Including base riser section and separate base slab.

01.2Including base riser section with integral floor.

02.0Reinforced cast-in place concrete as specified in Section 03300, manhole design as shown on drawings or otherwise indicated, minimum concrete compressive strength 27,5 MPa (4000 psi)

03.0Concrete brick/block units, modular size, minimum average compressive strength 24,1 MPa (3500 psi) unless otherwise indicated, manhole design as shown on drawings or otherwise indicated.

04.0Clay manhole brick units, modular size, manhole design as shown on drawings or otherwise indicated, minimum average compressive strength 21 MPa (3000 psi) unless otherwise indicated.

For excavation and backfilling see Section 02200 Earthwork.

2 02 03 01 02Manhole Cover and Frame

01.0Grey cast iron construction, machined flat bearing surface, removable cover, in compliance with 413, live load rating and nominal sizes as indicated.

02.0Grey cast iron construction, machined flat bearing surface, removable cover, boltable unless otherwise indicated, minimum tensile strength 207 MPa (min. class 30 B ASTM A 48), with 100 mm minimum width flange, closed surface or open checkerboard grille as indicated.

03.0Cast iron construction, in compliance with EN 124, machined flat bearing surface, removable cover, boltable unless otherwise indicated, vented, minimum vent area > 5% up to 600 mm clear opening and >140 cm2 for clear openings > 600 mm, nominal sizes as indicated,



03.3class C 250 (test load 250 KN) where indicated.


03.5class E 600 (test load 600 KN) where indicated.


2 02 03 01 03Manhole Steps

Shall be made of cast iron, epoxy coated, and non-slip finishing, designed to support a concentrated load of 227 kg, at 300 mm intervals unless otherwise indicated. Minimum treads length 300 mm, minimum tread width 25 mm unless otherwise indicated.

2 02 03 03Inspection Chambers

Shall be made of cast-iron unless otherwise indicated. Plastic inspection chambers shall comply with BS 7158; inspection chambers made of GRC shall comply with EN 588-2; concrete inspection chambers shall comply with EN 1917.

2 02 03 04Yard Drain (Gully)

01.0made of cast iron or cast steel unless otherwise indicated, including removable grating and corrosion protected dirt bucket, in compliance with EN 124 or an equivalent standard, nominal size as indicated,



01.3 class C 250 (test load 250 KN) where indicated.


01.5 class E 600 (test load 600 KN) where indicated.


2 02 05Soakaway Pits

Soakaway pits shall not be installed less than 5 m from any concrete foundation to avoid settlement

2 03Subsoil Drainage


2 03 01 01Clay Pipe and Fittings

Clay pipe shall be made of burned clay, shale, fire clay or a mixture thereof, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.

Clay pipes shall comply with standard(s) indicated:

01.0ASTM C 4, water absorption in compliance with class requirements, butt-ended, with smooth inside,

01.1Class: Standard drain tile.

01.2Class: Extra-quality drain tile.

01.3 Class: Heavy-duty drain tile.

01.4Jointing: butt jointed.


Concrete drainage pipes shall comply with standard(s) indicated:

01.0BS 5911-114 porous precast concrete pipe, with rebated joints, with non-porous invert extruded for the full length of the pipe and to a height up to the pipe equal to not less than one-third of the internal diameter, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.

01.1Class 1 (min. crushing load 20 KN/m).

01.2Class 2 (min. crushing load 23-30 KN/m, depending on pipe diameter).


Perforation slots shall be uniformly spaced along the length of the pipe. Dimensions and spacing of slots shall be as indicated in the Standard.

01.0Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Tubing ASTM F 405, perforated, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.

02.0Jointing: Snap-on, screw-on, or wrap around as recommended by the tubing manufacturer and approved by the Engineer.

03.0Corrugated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Tubing ASTM F 800, perforated, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.

04.0Jointing: Snap-on, screw-on, or wrap-around as recommended by the tubing manufacturer and approved by the Engineer.

05.0Corrugated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) pipes ASTM F 949, perforated, pipe diameter(s) as indicated.

06.0Jointing: elastomeric seal according to ASTM F 477.

2 03 02Accessories

2 03 02 01Joint Cover

Shall be asphalt-saturated roofing felt or polyethylene as approved by the Engineer.

2 03 02 02Filter Material

Filter material to be used shall restrict fine particles of silt and sand from entering the drain.

Filter material shall be a suitable well-graded sand-gravel mixture, or non-biodegradability black polyolefin or polyester, nylon fabric or other material approved by the Engineer.

Part 3: Execution

3 01General Examination

Immediately before laying, examine accessories, each pipe and joint again for soundness and cleanliness and make sure that material and surfaces, which form part of a joint, are clean and dry before commencing their assembly. All defective material shall be replaced. Check that the position and levels of existing drains and services have been established. Check that trench lines do not encroach on routes of other services and obstructions. Investigate if there is a risk of unplanned extraneous water entering drains and sewers and investigate to determine the extent of this risk and provide adequate protection.

3 02General Preparation

Provide and fix clear, stable markers and reference points for lines and levels. Hand trim excavations to required elevations. Establish the center line and width of trenches and locate manholes, inspection chambers, etc. and ensure that proper branch drain alignments can be achieved.

3 03Installation

3 03 01General

Installation of piping systems shall begin at the low point of the system, true to grades and alignment indicated with unbroken continuity of invert. Bell ends/sockets of piping shall be faced upstream. Gaskets, seals, sleeves, couplings etc. shall be installed in accordance with manufacturers recommendations for use of lubricants, solvent cements, glue, etc. and other installation requirements.

Where pipes are generally provided with flexible joints, locate joint positions as closely as practicable to the external faces of structures, manholes, inspection chambers and the like, through which the pipes are laid. Where pipes are generally laid with rigid joints and there is no specified provision for flexible joints at the above positions, get instructions of the Engineer, if it is required that such provisions are necessary.

All buried pipelines shall be buried in a way to withstand the full loading of backfilled soil and all traffic loading indicated and expected. During installation work, excavations shall be kept free from water, e.g. rainwater, seepage water, spring water or water from leaks from pipelines. Methods of dewatering shall not affect embedments and pipelines. Precautions shall be taken to prevent loss of fine bedding and filling material. On completion of dewatering, any temporary drains shall be adequately sealed.

3 03 03Bedding and Laying of Stormwater and Sanitary Sewerage Pipes

3 03 03 01General

Unless the design permits and the Engineer approves and the nature of the ground is such as to allow it to be trimmed to formation, pipes shall be laid on a granular piping bed as indicated.

Granular Bedding:

A shallow depression shall be formed by the barrel of the pipe as it is laid. Provide socket holes at each joint position. Ensure that these are deep enough to prevent the weight of the pipe and the load upon it bearing on the socket or coupling, while leaving the specified depth of bedding beneath the joint.

The width of the bedding shall be the width of the trench unless otherwise indicated.

The thickness of the granular bedding layer, measured under the pipe barrel, shall not be less than:

- 100 mm in normal soil conditions

- 150 mm in rock or hard soil conditions

Where the trench bottom has little bearing strength to support the pipe bedding material, special construction measures will be necessary. These measures include replacement of soil with other materials, e.g. sand, gravel or concrete. Concrete includes lightweight concrete, lean concrete, unreinforced concrete, reinforced concrete, and soil cement. The special measures of bedding shall only be used if their suitability has been confirmed by structural design calculations established by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer. The placement of side fill and backfill shall only be commenced when the pipe joints and the bedding are in a condition to permit loading. Side fill shall be granular bedding material or-when approved by the Engineer- selected material as specified in Section 02200 Earthwork.

Minimum thickness of the initial backfill shall be 300 mm above the pipe barrel unless otherwise indicated and shall be selected material as specified in Section 02200 Earthwork. The initial backfill shall be carefully compacted. The degree of compaction shall be verified by testing approved by the Engineer.

The choice of compaction equipment, the number of passes and the thickness of layers to be compacted shall take account of the material to be compacted and the installed pipe. Compaction by saturating the side fill and backfill is permissible only in exceptional cases in non-cohesive soil. All pipes shall be laid true to the line and level within tolerances indicated in applicable codes and standards. Any necessary adjustment to the level shall be made by raising or lowering the bedding, always ensuring that the pipes are finally provided with the minimum thickness of bedding layer and full support along their whole length. Permanent adjustments shall never be made by local packing.

3 03 03 02Pipe Laying of Flexible Pipes

3 03 03 02 01UPVC Pipes

UPVC pipes shall be laid in compliance with ASTM D 2321 unless otherwise indicated. The pipes shall be bedded true to line and grade with uniform and continuous support from a firm base. Blocking shall not be used to bring the pipe to grade. Pipe bedding shall be at least 150 mm thick, class I bedding material, carefully placed in the trench bottom. To avoid loss of side support, the same material shall be used for haunching up to the spring line of the pipe. Initial backfill shall be selected material as specified in Section 02200 Earthwork. Haunching and initial backfilling shall comply with procedures given in ASTM D 2321 for wet and dry conditions.

Compaction of haunching and initial backfill shall be done in such a way so that compaction equipment is not used directly above the pipe until sufficient backfill has been placed to ensure that such compaction equipment will not damage the pipe.

3 03 03 02 02Glass-fibre Reinforced Thermosetting Pipes

Pipes shall be lowered into the trench using equipment suitable for the weight and size of the pipes. Pipes < DN 300 may be lowered by hand using suitable ropes.

Where the pipeline is suspected to be subject to movement due to ground settlement or temperature variation, a gap shall be left between the end of the spigot and the bottom of the socket to allow for tolerable changes of direction and/or length.

Unless otherwise indicated, pipe installation shall comply with the principles given in ASTM D 3839.

3 03 03 03Pipe Laying of Rigid Pipes

3 03 03 03 01Vitrified Clay Pipes

Sand is suitable as a bedding material in a total sand environment but may be unsuitable where high and rapidly changing water tables are present in the pipe zone. It may be also unsuitable for pipe bedding or haunching in a trench cut by blazing or in trenches through clay type soil. Vitrified clay pipes shall be laid in compliance with ASTM C 12 unless otherwise indicated.

01.0Class A bedding, pipe bedded with concrete cradle, or bedded in carefully placed granular material, so that the material fills and supports the haunch area and top half of the pipe covered with monolithic reinforced concrete arch where indicated. Minimum concrete strength 20.7 MPa (3000 psi).

Place pipe in proper position on temporary supports, or, when necessary, rigidly anchor or weight the pipe to prevent floatation as concrete is placed.

02.0Class B bedding, pipe bedded and carefully placed in granular material, so that the material fills and supports the haunch area and encases the pipe to the limits shown in the trench diagrams.

Granular material shall be well-graded 6-19 mm crushed stone or other non-consolidating bedding material not subject to migration.

03.0Class C bedding, pipe bedded and carefully placed in locally available material (pea gravel, sand), so that the material fills and supports the haunch area. Initial backfill shall be selected material

04.0Class D bedding on trench bottom, with holes for pipe sockets excavated to prevent point loading of the socket or coupling and to establish full-length support of the pipe barrel.

05.0Where indicated or appropriate, the pipe shall be encased completely with concrete, minimum thickness, at any point, one fourth of the outside diameter of the pipe or 100 mm, whichever is greater.

Place pipe in proper position on temporary supports, or, when necessary, rigidly anchor or weight the pipe to prevent floatation as concrete is placed.

06.0Where indicated or appropriate, the pipe shall be encased completely with crushed stone, minimum thickness beneath the pipe shall be 100 mm or one eighth of the outside pipe diameter, which ever is greater, upwards to the horizontal plane at the top of the pipe barrel, carefully placed, so that the material fills and supports the haunch area. Encasement shall be of well-graded crushed stone or other non-consolidating bedding material not subject to migration.

3 03 03 03 02Cast Iron Pipes

Pipes shall be lowered into the trench with tackle suitable for the mass of the pipes. For pipe diameters > DN 250, a mobile crane or a well designed set of shear legs shall be used and the positioning of the sling checked, when the pipe is just clear of the ground, to ensure a proper balance. The inside of sockets and the outside of spigots shall be cleaned for at least the insertion depth for each joint. Where lifting gear has been used to place the pipe in the trench, it shall be used to support the pipe and assist centralizing the spigot in the socket. Where the pipeline is suspected to be subject to movement due to ground settlement or temperature variation, a suitable gap shall be left between the end of the spigot and the bottom of the socket.

3 03 04Pipe Bedding and Laying of Subsoil Drainage Pipes

Pipes shall be laid so that the sides of the pipes are bedded with uniform and continuous support. Side fill material shall be suitable granular material properly placed and compacted to provide lateral restraint.

When the pipes are to be laid in a rock cut, the trench shall be over-excavated to a depth of 150 mm below grade level and this space filled to grade with suitable granular bedding material and tamped to provide a firm foundation.

Pipes shall be bedded as indicated or/and approved by the Engineer as follows:

01.0on the undisturbed trench bottom

02.0on a concrete bedding

03.0on a granular bedding in cut rock

If a granular pipe bedding is not indicated, the undisturbed trench bottom or concrete bedding shall be shaped with a trapezoidal groove to provide support for the pipe and maintaining alignment. Pipes shall be covered with a sand-gravel filter layer as indicated. The minimum thickness of the filter layer above the top of the pipe shall be 150 mm. Where a non-biodegradable filter fabric is used as filter, the fabric shall be placed immediately on the top of the pipe, covering the full width of the trench unless otherwise indicated. During installation protect all open joints with joint cover when a sand-gravel mixture is used as a filter. General backfilling of trenches shall comply with requirement given in Section 02200 Earthwork.

3 03 05Pipe Jointing

3 03 05 01General

Where it is necessary to cut rigid pipes, use a professional pipe cutter so as to leave a clean end square to the axis of the pipe. Cut plastic pipes with a fine tooth saw.

Where required or recommended by the pipe manufacturer, chamfer cut spigots.

Where a part of a factory prepared flexible joint system has been cut off in order to shorten a pipe and a rigid joint has to be used, ensure that the overall length of the rigidly jointed pipes is not greater than the normal length of a pipe used in the installation. For joints between different materials, use only correct adapters or techniques in accordance with referenced standards and manufacturers instructions.

3 03 05 02Flexible Joints for Rigid Pipes

When fixing flexible ring joints for rigid pipes, the retrained elastomeric ring or gasket shall be located within the spigot or sleeve or by means of a moulding in the spigot. Ensure that any lubrication of ring, spigot or socket is strictly in accordance with pipe manufacturers instructions and that only recommended lubricants are used. When rolling ring joints are used, apply no lubricant on the rolling ring joints. Place the elastomeric ring or gasket on the tip of the spigot unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer. Ensure that the jointing faces of the pipes are dry, clean and free from soil or bedding particles. Lay the spigot of the pipe squarely into the socket after bedding material has been removed to accommodate the socket. For pipe diameter up to DN 300, push the joint home by hand or by using a lever while protecting the spigot of the pipes with a piece of timber. For larger pipe diameters use joints tackle such as strong-hads and winches.

3 03 05 03Rigid Joints for Clayware and Concrete

Make rigid joints (spigot and socket joints) only where indicated by caulking with tarred rope yarn to centralize the spigot and to prevent the entry of cement into the bore. Fill the joint with stiff mortar (cement : sand / 1 : 3) and fillet the mortar beyond the socket.

Protect newly made joints from premature drying and do not subject them to the test pressure for at least 48 hours after making.

3 03 05 04Rigid Joints for Cast-Iron Pipes

Make rigid joints (spigot and socket joints) only where indicated. Joint spigot and socket by first caulking with suitable yarn to centralize the spigot and to prevent the entry of jointing material in the bore. Then run molten lead or caulk lead yarn into the full depth of the joint to a minimum depth of 50 mm.

After the joint has cooled caulk to finish the joint flush with the socket end.

3 03 05 05Rigid Solvent-welded Joints for Plastic Pipes

Make rigid joints only where indicated strictly in accordance with manufacturers instructions. Ensure that surfaces are clean. After jointing clean off any surplus material. Where pipeline assemblies have been jointed outside the trench, do not lower them into the trench until the period for complete setting has expired.

3 03 06Sanitary Sewerage Collecting Tanks

See relevant Sections 03300 Cast-in Place Concrete, 03400 Precast Concrete, 05100 Structural Steel or as indicated otherwise.

3 03 07Stormwater Collecting Tanks

See relevant Sections 03300 Cast-in Place Concrete, 03400 Precast Concrete, 05100 Structural Steel or as indicated otherwise.

3 03 08Accessories

3 03 08 01Manholes and Inspection Chambers

3 03 08 01 01General

Carry out the construction of manholes, inspection chambers, etc. in close sequence with pipe laying and in accordance with drawings. Build in channels for the whole length of the manhole or inspection chamber, using the same material as for the pipeline unless otherwise indicated. When bedding items of PVC or similar material on a cementious bedding, use special clips or provide a mechanical key to the PVC items in accordance with manufacturers instructions.

Form any concrete benching required vertically from the channel to the height of the soffit of the outlet, then form a radius of 25 mm and rise with a slope of approximately 1 in 12 to the walls of the manhole. Finish benching smooth.

Apply on all external masonry surfaces a cement plaster and a bituminous waterproofing for all surfaces in contact with soil unless otherwise indicated.

3 03 08 01 02Brickwork Construction

Before commencing brickwork, construct a concrete slab base at least 150 mm thick, concrete class C 25 unless otherwise indicated. Construct walls at least 200 mm thick. Fill joints with cement mortar at least 4 mm but not more than 6 mm thick, flush jointed as the work proceeds. For further requirements see Section 04200 Unit Masonry.

3 03 08 01 03Precast Concrete Construction

Ensure that precast concrete units are vertical and correctly aligned. Either ensure that there is a full bed of cement mortar in the joints and finish jointing flush internally, or use proprietary jointing material in accordance with manufacturers instructions.

For further requirements see Section 03400 Precast Concrete.

3 03 08 01 05Step Irons

Fix step irons into manholes at every fourth course or at intervals of between 230 mm and 300 mm so that the top step is not more than 750 mm below the surface and the bottom step not more than 450 mm above the benching. Maintain the steps at constant intervals. Stagger step irons in two vertical rows at 300 mm centers.

3 03 08 01 06Cover Frames

Except for pre-fitted cover frames and unless otherwise indicated, bed the cover frame and immediately insert the lid in position ensuring the bed mortar is still plastic.

Bed the cover frame solidly in cement mortar over the whole of the seating area.

3 03 09Water Treatment

Any sewerage water evacuated from a building or a building site to a public sewer line or disposed otherwise shall be adequately treated.

Any possible contamination, impurity, etc. shall not exceed limit values jointly set forth by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Municipal & Rural Affairs (MOMRA) in compliance with Royal Decree No. M/6 dated 13.2.1421H.

3 04Field Quality Control

3 04 01General

Testing for leak tightness of pipelines, manholes, and inspection chambers etc. shall be conducted either with air or water as indicated. In the case of air tests, the number of corrections and retests following a failure is unrestricted. In the event of a single or continued air test failure, recourse to a water test will be acceptable and the result of the water test shall be decisive. If the groundwater level is above the top of the pipeline during testing, an infiltration test may be required by the Engineer at no additional costs. Initial testing may be required by the Engineer before any backfilling is placed. However, for final acceptance, the pipeline, manhole, inspection chamber etc. shall be tested after backfilling and removal of sheeting (if any).

3 04 02Visual Inspection

Carry out general inspections both during the progress of works and of the complete installation. These inspections shall include but not be limited to:

-Checking line and level

-Checking joints

-Checking for damage or deformation

-Checking connections

-Checking linings and coatings

-Checking setting of covers and frames in manholes, inspection and other chambers

-Checking pipes entering or leaving structures

-testing pipe profile by passing a sphere of diameter 5% less than the pipe diameter through all pipelines.

3 04 03Tests

3 04 03 01Pre-test Procedures for Air- and Water Test

Ensure the safety of operatives and other personnel involved in testing. Provide secure access and ensure support to trenches is maintained. Ensure that the pipeline section is adequately anchored against movement before any pressure test is applied.

Stop open ends with approved plugs, stoppers or blank caps, properly jointed and secured to resist the pressure applied. Where a water test is applied ensure that the means of releasing water from the drain stopper can be operated from surface level.

Remove obstructions, debris and superfluous matter from sections of pipeline, manholes and inspection chambers and flush it out with water before testing. Using great care and wearing protective clothing including gloves and eye shields, clean surfaces with suitable cleaners if needed and hose down treated surfaces thoroughly with water.

3 04 03 02Air Test

Suitable airtight plugs shall be used in order to avoid errors arising from the test equipment. Testing times for pipelines (excluding manholes and inspection chambers) shall comply with Table 1 / Annex 6 in relation to pipe size and testing method applied.

The testing method to be used shall be approved by the Engineer. For safety reasons, special care is required for large DN during testing. An initial pressure approximately 10% in access of the required test pressure, shall first be held for approximately 5 minutes. The pressure shall then be adjusted to the test pressure shown in Table 1 / Annex 6 related to the testing method. If the pressure drop measured after the testing time is less than delta p given in Table 1 / Annex 6, the pipeline complies with this Specification. The equipment used for measuring the pressure drop shall allow a measurement with an accuracy of 10% of delta p. The accuracy of measurement of time shall be 5 seconds. Until there is sufficient experience of air testing manholes and inspection chambers, and when approved by the Engineer, testing time of half that for a pipeline of equivalent diameter may be used.

Air testing of vitrified clay pipes in compliance with ASTM may be in accordance with ASTM C 828 unless otherwise indicated.

3 04 03 03Water Test

The test pressure is the pressure equivalent to or resulting from filling the test section up to the ground level of the downstream or upstream manhole, as appropriate, with a maximum pressure of 50 kPa and a minimum pressure of 10 kPa measured at the top of the pipe. Higher test pressure may be applied and required by the Engineer for parts of pipelines, which are designed to operate under permanent or temporary surcharge. After the pipelines and/or manholes are filled and the required pressure applied, conditioning may be necessary.

Testing time shall be 30 minutes. In case of concrete pipes, testing time shall be 60 minutes. Test pressure shall be maintained within 1 kPa of the test pressure applied by topping up with water. The total amount of water added during the test to achieve this requirement shall be measured and recorded with the head of water at the required test pressure.

The test requirement is satisfied if the amount of water added is not greater than:

-0,15 l/m2 wetted internal surface during 30 minutes for pipelines

-0,20l/m2 wetted internal surface during 30 minutes for pipelines including manholes

-0,40 l/m2 wetted internal surface during 30 minutes for manholes and inspection chambers.

Unless otherwise indicated, testing of individual joints, instead of testing of the whole pipeline, will be accepted for pipelines larger than DN 1000.

3 04 03 05Miscellaneous Tests

3 04 03 05 01Leak tightness of Concrete Tanks

Testing for leakage, to determine leakage below water, shall be performed using either vacuum testing or water-pressure testing as approved by the Engineer.

Vacuum Testing:Seal the empty tank and apply a vacuum to 50 mm of mercury. The tank is deemed to be leakage tight, if 90% of vacuum is held for 2 minutes.

Water-Pressure Testing:

Seal the tank, fill with water, and let stand for 24 hours. Then refill the tank. The tank deemed to be leakage tight, if water level is held for one hour.

3 04 03 05 02Testing of Bedding Material

Carry out tests to determine the suitability of granular material to be used for any bedding and side fills.

3 04 03 05 04Testing of Sewerage Water

Carry out all necessary tests required to ensure that all sewerage water evacuated from a building or a building site is not contaminated and the given limit values set forth by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Municipal & Rural Affairs (MOMRA) are not exceeded. (see Royal Decree No. M/6 dated 13.2.1421H)

3 04 04Recording Results of Field Quality Control

For every test and visual inspection, record the following information and provide copies to the Engineer as required:

-the location of pipeline or other item test

Documents

02700 Seweage