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Class
11
LABORATORY MANUAL
inCHEMISTRY
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PublisherTypeset by : R.N. Graphics
Printed by : Upkar Printing Unit
0215
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For successfully completing theExperiments specified
in the CBSE Curriculum
CONTENTS
Unit Topic Page
(v)
Chapter 1. (Basic Laboratory Techniques) 9 14
Experiment 1.1 : Cutting of a glass tube
Experiment 1.2 : To bend a glass tube
Experiment 1.3 : To draw a jet from a glass tube
Experiment 1.4 : To bore a hole in a cork
Chapter 2. (Characterisation and Purification of chemical substances) 15 20
Experiment 2.1 : To determine the melting point of the given solid organic compound
Experiment 2.2 : To determine the boiling point of a given organic liquid
Experiment 2.3 : Purification of sample of any one (Potash alum, Copper Sulphate or Benzoic acid) by crystallization
Chapter 3. (Experiments based on PH) 21 29
Experiment 3.1 : To determine the PH values of the given samples. (1) Lemon juice, (2) Orange juice,
(3) Tomato juice, (4) Apple juice, (5) Pine apple juice, (6) Common Salt .
Experiment 3.2 : To determine the PH of various samples of NaOH solution at different concentrations.
Experiment 3.3 : To determine the PH values of Hcl acid at different concentration (strengths).
Experiment 3.4 : Compare the PH solutions of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid having same concentrations.
Experiment 3.5 : Study the PH change in the titration of Hcl with NaOH using universal indicator
Experiment 3.6 : To study the variation in PH by common ion effect in case of weak acids and weak bases.
Chapter 4. (Chemical Equilibrium) 30 34
Experiment 4.1 : Study of shift in equilibrium in the reaction of ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by increasing the concentration of any one of these ions.
2+ - Experiment 4.2 : To Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co (H O) ] and cl by change the 2 6concentration of either of the ions
Chapter 5. (Quantitative Analysis) 35 48
Experiment 5.1 : Using a chemical balance
Experiment 5.2 : To prepare 250 ml of oxalic acid solution
Experiment 5.3 : To determine the strength of the given sodium hydroxide solution by titrating it against a standard solution of oxalic acid
Experiment 5.4 : To prepare 250 ml of sodium carbonate solution.
Experiment 5.5 : To determine the strength of a given solution of hydrochloric acid by titrating it against solution of Na Co .2 3
Chapter 6. (Qualitative Analysis) 49 74
Experiment 6.1 : To detect one cation and one anion in the given salt.
Chapter 7. (Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine in organic compounds) 75 77
Experiment 7.1 : To detect the presence of nitrogen, sulphur and halogen (chlorine) in the given organic compound.
Investigatory Projects 78 88
Project 1 : Checking the bacterial contamination in drinking water by testing sulphide ion.
Project 2 : Study the methods of purification of water .
Project 3 : To determine the hardness of water sample.
Project 4 : To investigate the foaming capacity of different washing soaps.
Project 5 : To study the effect of addiction of sodium carbonate on the foaming capacity of given sample of soap.
Project 6 : To study the acidity of different samples of tea leaves.
Project 7: To determine the rate of evaporation of different liquids.
Project 8: To study the effect of acid and base on the tensile strength of fibres.
Project 9: To analyses fruit and vegetable juices for the content present in them.
M10
M10
M10
M100
M10
Sr. No. Experiment RemarksPageDate
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ActivitiesLIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Practicals should be conducted alongside the concepts taught in theory classes.
PRACTICAL SYLLABUS Total Periods 60Micro-chemical methods are available for several of the practical experiments.Wherever possible such techniques should be used:A. Basic Laboratory Techniques1. Cutting glass tube and glass rod2. Bending a glass tube3. Drawing out a glass jet4. Boring a corkB. Characterization and Purification of Chemical Substances1. Determination of melting point of an organic compound.2. Determination of boiling point of an organic compound.3. Crystallization of impure sample of any one of the following: Alum, Copper Sulphate, Benzoic Acid C. Experiments based on pH(a) Any one of the following experiments:
Determination of pH of some solutions obtained from fruit juices, solution of known and varied concentrations of acids, bases and salts using pH paper or universal indicator.
Comparing the pH of solutions of strong and weak acids of same concentration. Study the pH change in the titration of a strong base using universal indicator.
(b) Study the pH change by common-ion in case of weak acids and weak bases.D. Chemical Equilibrium One of the following experiments:a) Study the shift in equilibrium between ferric ions and thiocyanate ions by increasing/decreasing the concentration of either of the ions.
2+b) Study the shift in equilibrium between [Co(H O)6] and chloride ions by 2 changing the concentration of either of the ions.E. Quantitative Estimationi) Using a chemical balance.ii) Preparation of standard solution of Oxalic acid.iii) Determination of strength of a given solution of Sodium Hydroxide by titrating it against standard solution of Oxalic acid.iv) Preparation of standard solution of Sodium Carbonate.v) Determination of strength of a given solution of Hydrochloric acid by titrating it against standard Sodium Carbonate solution.F. Qualitative Analysis(a) Determination of one anion and one cation in a given salt
2+ 2+ 3+ 3+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ Cations- Pb , Cu , As , Al , Fe , Mn , Ni , Zn , Co , Ca , 2+ 2+ 2+ Sr , Ba , Mg
2- 2- 2- 2- - - - 3+ 2- -Anions-CO , S , SO , SO , NO , Cl , Br, I , PO , C O , CH COO3 3 4 3 2 4 3(Note: Insoluble salts excluded)(b) Detection of -Nitrogen, Sulphur, Chlorine in organic compounds.PROJECTScientific investigations involving laboratory testing and collecting information from other sources.A few suggested Projects
Checking the bacterial contamination in drinking water by testing sulphide ion. Study of the methods of purification of water. Testing the hardness, presence of Iron, Fluoride, Chloride, etc., depending upon
the regional variation in drinking water and study of causes of presence of these ions above permissible limit (if any).
Investigation of the foaming capacity of different washing soaps and the effect of addition of Sodium Carbonate on it.
Study the acidity of different samples of tea leaves. Determination of the rate of evaporation of different liquids. Study the effect of acids and bases on the tensile strength of fibers. Study of acidity of fruit and vegetable juices.
Note: Any other investigatory project, which involves about 10 periods of work, can be chosen with the approval of the teacher.
PRACTICALS Evaluation Scheme for Examination MarksVolumetric Analysis 08Salt Analysis 08Content Based Experiment 06Project Work 04Class record and viva 04 Total 30
PREFACE
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CBSE always believe in Global Trends of Educational Transformation. The CBSE curriculum gets its lead from National Curriculum Framework 2005 and Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009. As said by John Holt We learn to do something by doing it. Laboratory work has special importance in the learning of science as scientific principles develop and grow on the basis of Laboratory work.
The Chemistry Lab Manual for Classes XI & XII has been written so as to supplement the need of the students to prepare for lab work and improve practical skills among students.
This Lab Manual includes all activities and experiments as specified in latest CBSE curriculum. Each activity/experiment comprises of theoretical concepts which provides brief description about activities. At the end of every activity Viva Voce questions have been given for extra practice. Projects have been added to facilitate collective efforts and extension of learning to real life.
This book is strictly according to the latest CBSE guidelines, and contains more than sufficient viva voce questions and brief description of each activity/experiment, which help students in practicing and completing the lab work. All activitie
