02 Implications of Human Population

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EnvironmentalManagement

Implications of Human Population


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Topics Covered Introduction

Population & Environment

History of Population Explosion Quality of Life

Resource Availability

Necessary Inputs for Improving Quality of Life

Population Growth & Environmental Deterioration

Concept of Environmental Management

Agenda for Global Environmental Protection

Environmental Management in a Socio-Economic Context

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Introduction Biodiversity in Rain Forests Vs. Biodiversity in Polar

Region

Varying Food Habits in Different Regions

Natural Ecosystems capable of MaintainingThemselves in a Stage of Dynamic EquilibriumUnless Disturbed by an External Factor

Input is cyclic in the form of Renewable Resourcefor the Ecosystem

Consumption of the Renewable Resource is theOutput.



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Introduction This Concept of Balance is based on the Law of Conservation

of Mass & Energy akin to 1st

Law of Thermodynamics

No Matter or Energy can be Produced but can be Convertedfrom One Form to Another.

Resource I/p to the System Resource O/p from the System= Accumulation of the Resource

E.g. Rainwater and its harvesting leading to Water

Conservation



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3rd Joint Conference of AmericanSociety of Civil Engineers

Discussions on Interactive Relationships between the Population and Resourcesalong with Associated Management Requirements

Concerns on Population Rise in Third World Countries

Resources were scarce to meet their demands

Focus on Minimal Level of Quality of Life Achievement Uniformly Throughout theWorld



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Population & Environment

Development Leads to Environmental Damage

Growing Population Pressurizes Environmental Resources

Environmental Damage can be Minimized through Advanced Planning and Careful Implementation



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History of Human PopulationExplosion

Emergence of Improved Agricultural Practicesleading to Increased Produce

Industrial Revolution after a Considerable TimeGap

Advances in Medicine and Pharmacy leading to

Better Disease Control

Improved Life Expectancy



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Quality of Life Adequate Diet in Quality & Quantity

Easy Availability of Potable Water and Adequate Sanitation Facility

Adequate Housing

Availability of Continuous Generation of Economic Opportunities inProportion of Growing Population

Adequate Medical Care

Sufficient Social, Financial and Personal Security

Daily Needs Conveniences

Cultural & Recreational Opportunities



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Resource Availability Air, Land and Ocean are Primary Resources

Land and Ocean Require considerableEngineering & Technological Inputs to DeriveSecondary Resources from Them

Land used for specific following requirements Forest Maintenance

Production of Food

Urban Development

Industrial Plants, Timber Production, Mineral Extraction Wildlife Habitat

Disposal of Waste residues

Recreation of various types



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Resource Availability

Land tilling involves use of large amount of Capital,

Labour, Fertilizer, Energy, Water, Transport & OtherRelated Resources

Present Developments Largely Dependent on Non-Renewable Energy Resources

Excessive Utilization of Such Resources Detrimental forEnvironment

Solution is: Proper Resource Allocation

More Sophisticated Planning

Encompassing Social, Environmental and Economic Needs

Multiple Use of Natural Resources



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Necessary Inputs for ImprovingQuality of Life

Population Growth Directly Impacts Economic Growth

Inputs for Sustaining Economic Conditions: Physical Systems Necessary for Support of all Physiological &

Industrial Activities E.g. Food, Space, Fresh Air, Clothing, Housing, Raw Materials, Fossil

Fuels, Land, Fresh Water, Oceans and Forests

Social Necessities E.g. Peace & Social Stability, Education, Employment, Steady

Technological Progress

Population Inversely Proportional to ResourceAvailability

Mismanagement of Resources



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Population Growth &Environmental Deterioration

Mortality Rate Vs. Birth Rate

Preservation Rate should be morethan Deterioration Rate



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Concept of EnvironmentalManagement

Problems of Unemployment, Inflation, Shortage of Energy, Globalization,

Resource Crunch and Technology

Production of Materials like New Polymers, Insecticides, Pesticides,Fluorocarbons etc.

Domestic Waste a Damper

Rural Sanitation & Rural upliftment



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Objective of EM

Management of Natural Resources Exploitation

Pollution Control for Environmental Quality

Maintenance of Ecological Balance Through Multiple Resource Use

Preservation of Biodiversity

Adoption of Cleaner Technology to Minimize Adverse Effects of Environment

Formulation & Implementation of Environmental Regulation & Laws



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Components of EM Efficient & Cost Effective Control Measures for Atmospheric, Aquatic and Land

Pollution

Adoption of Efficient, Cost Effective and Low Waste Generating ProductionTechnologies

Implementation of Cleaner Technology of Production

Adopting Recommended Tools for EM such as:

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Environmental Audits (EA)

Environmental Management System (EMS)

Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA)



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Components of EM Environmental Promotional Measures for Awareness

Training for Environment Through Schools, Colleges and other Institutes

Control Measures for Population Growth

Control for Over Consumption & Over Exploitation of Resources

Efforts for Establishing Social Equity



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EM in Socio-Economic Context Agenda 21 of the Rio-De-Janeiro Conference Elaborates on Specific

Areas of Environments

Reduction in Health Problems by avoiding food Media Contamination(E.g. Soft Drinks)

Environmental Stress and Security problems Major Contributors to

Social Conflicts

Incorporating Environmental Planning in all National DevelopmentProgrammes

Waste Minimization instead of Disposal



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Contamination Problems with

Specific Reference to Hazardous

Waste A Problem of Process Industries like Metallurgical, Paper,Sugar, Textile, Pharmaceutical, Chemical, etc.

Formulation of Good Waste Management Programme andPollution Abatement Strategies can help

Greater Political Will Required

Waste Reduction & Minimization Onsite



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Essential Components of OnsiteWaste Minimization

Waste Recycling

Materials Recovery (Salvages)

Waste Re-use

Reduction at Source through Better Processes and Housekeeping



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Pollution Abatement StrategiesA Basis for PEP

Exploring Alternative Raw Materials (Fly Ash)

Reuse and Recycle of Waste

More Emphasis on Byproduct rather than Scrap in case ofChemicals

Use of Cleaner Technologies and Waste Prevention Programmes



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Ecological Regrouping ofIndustries


Questions?????


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References

An Introduction to Environmental ManagementDr. A. S. Bal

Environmental Studies Joseph Benny

A Textbook of Environmental Studies ChatwalG.R. & Harish Sharma

portal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.php

marketobservation.com

intel.com


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02 Implications of Human Population