01/14/01 S2K+1 Field Training Spring 2001. 01/14/01 FAR 121 Air Safety PAD Operational Responsibility shared by: –P ilots –A TC –D ispatchers Enhancing

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S2K+1 Field TrainingSpring 2001

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FAR 121 Air Safety “FAR 121 Air Safety “PADPAD””

• Operational Responsibility shared by:

–Pilots

–ATC

–Dispatchers

“Enhancing Aviation Safety Through Collaboration”

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Basic FoundationBasic Foundation

• As stated in the FARs, the aircraft dispatcher and pilot in command are jointly

responsible for planning around and avoiding known or forecasted weather phenomena

that may affect the safety of flight.

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Basic FoundationBasic Foundation

• The FAA through the traffic management system, is responsible for balancing air traffic demand with system capacity to ensure a safe and efficient flow of traffic and not for rerouting aircraft around weather.

• Because severe weather often creates actual or anticipated volume and complexity concerns, the FAA has the responsibility during or in anticipation of severe weather

to address those concerns by use of traffic management

initiatives.

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Airline Operations CentersAirline Operations Centers

A Focus on Flight Dispatch

and the AOC Strategic Planning Team

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AOC OverviewAOC Overview

• Operational Responsibility

• Operational Philosophy

• Dispatch Functions

• Computer Capability

• Aircraft Situation Display

• AOC Strategic Planning Team

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Operational ResponsibilityOperational Responsibility

• Assure Safe Flight Operations:

– Efficient Operational Procedures

– Enhanced Communication Techniques

– Redundancy

– Information

Exchange

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Operational PhilosophyOperational Philosophy

• Air Carriers maintain safe operational control by pilot & dispatcher joint responsibility (FAR 121.533 & 121.535)

– Dispatch & Pilot contract

– Dispatch pre-flight planning

– Dispatch in-flight responsibilities

Shared Responsibility

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Dispatch FunctionsDispatch Functions

Pre-Flight Planning:• Flight Plan Calculation:

– Fuel Computation (FAR 121.639)

– Flight Routing (FAR 121.609)

– Weather Avoidance(FAR 121.601)

– Cancellation or Delay Decisions(FAR 121.533 & 121.535)

– Aircraft Performance (FAR 121.171 through

121.197)

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– Destination Specifications (FAR 121.619)

– Alternate Airport Specifications (FAR 121.625)

– Inoperative Aircraft Items (FAR 121.628)

– Government Regulations (FARs)

– Company Policies(FAA approved Operations Manual)

– Company Business Objectives (Economics)

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• Flight Plan Calculation initiates the Release process:

– Original Flight Release is the dispatcher’s plan of operation

– Pilot reviews the Release

– Flight is authorized to depart once Release is signed by the pilot and dispatcher signifying their agreement

(FAR 121.593 & 121.595)

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In-flight Responsibilities:• Weather updates and flight

plan re-analysis (FAR 121.601)

• Mechanical Irregularities• Medical Emergencies• Aircraft Emergencies• Monitor Flight Progress

(FAR 121.533)

• Information Updates (FAR 121.601)

• Re-dispatch

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Communications:• Constant communication

availability (FAR 121.99):

– Normal flight operations

– Irregular flight operations

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Computer CapabilityComputer Capability

• Computer systems have all essential dispatch functions integrated:– Administrative and supervisory

support functions– Operational dispatch functions

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• Operational Dispatch Functions:– Textual Weather– Icing & Turbulence

Reports– Runway Analysis– Aircraft Routing– Inoperative Aircraft

Components (MEL/CDL Items)

– Weight & Balance

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• Operational Dispatch Functions:– Release and Flight Plan

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• Operational Dispatch Functions:– Monitoring the Progress of Flight (FAR 121.533 & 121.535)

– Airport Arrival Constraints

– Diversion Event Recovery Planning

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• Weather Products Available:– Airline Dispatchers Federation (ADF) Web site– Airline Meteorology Departments– National Weather Service

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Aircraft Situation DisplayAircraft Situation Display

• Features:– National Composite Weather Radar Base Map

– Meteorology Products

– Customized Data Tags

– Route Depictions

– Navigation Aids

– Arrival Fixes

– ARTCC Boundaries

– Code Share Aircraft (if applicable)

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• Functionality: – Preflight Weather Avoidance Planning

SPT Collaborative RoutePreferred Route

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• Functionality: – En Route Weather Avoidance Planning

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Strategic Planning TeamStrategic Planning Team

PROBLEM:• Until the spring of 2000, the National Airspace System

(NAS) was operated under one set of rules irrespective of severe weather activity or other limitations to the system.

• Limited collaboration on re-routes

• Equitable access to the NAS broke down during severe weather events.

• 1999 ATA estimated the cost of NAS delays to the airlines and their customers was more than $5 billion.

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OBJECTIVE:• Develop a set of guidelines which govern air traffic

operations when the system cannot deliver routine, consistent services due to significant weather activity.

• The guidelines for severe weather events will provide a level of NAS predictability that will enhance safety while preserving efficiency and equability.– Predictability is the key element in preserving safety and

efficiency during SWAP.

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– Maximize use of NAS resources

– Allow airlines to operate within their own capabilities and economic objectives

– Exchange information to build collaborative solutions to constraint problems

COLLECTIVE MANDATE:(ATC & Airlines)

• Develop a new set of collaborative “rules-of-the-road” which govern air traffic operations during severe weather and/or heavy traffic events to:

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AIR CARRIER MANDATE:• Implement a formal process to enhance collaboration

within the AOC and between the airline and ATC:– Develop a team of AOC specialists to closely work with the

FAA to better manage system traffic flows during constraining events.

– The team of AOC specialists will be the Strategic Planning Team (SPT).

– The SPT’s mission is to make strategic, collaborative decisions which meet the operating goals of the airline during constraining events.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE AOC SPT:• Create a daily strategic plan of operations based on known

or forecasted events two to six hours in the future which will allow the airline to safely and reliably achieve its operating goals

• Collaborate with AirTraffic Control

• Provide analysis to critique and improve

current procedures

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OBJECTIVES OF THE AOC SPT:(continued)

• Provide support for:

– AOC tactical ATC operation

• Provide a plan for hub diversion recovery

• Establish & maintain open lines of communications to all airline facilities during the planning process and actual event.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE AOC SPT:(continued)

• When subject to system constraints that produce delays, cancellations, diversions, etc., the AOC SPT will base decisions on:

– Optimizing system completion factor

– Optimizing system on-time performance

– Maintaining domestic & international connection integrity

– Maintaining bank integrity

– Maintaining Customer First initiatives

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LIMITING OPERATIONAL DISRUPTIONS:• There are three very disruptive traffic management

initiatives that adversely impact airports:

– Ground Stop

– Ground Delay Program

– Departure Stop

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SPT TIMELINEStrategic Planning

1000z • National Weather Telcon

1115z • Initial SPO published by ATCSCC

• Airlines develop strategy using CCFP, Playbook, and Initial SPO

1215z • Conduct strategic planning telcon

(ATCSCC, ARTCC, Airlines)

• Airline & ATC route coordination

1230-1245z • Issue updated SPO

• Airline conducts internal SPO briefing

1300z • SPT repeats process

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SWAP TIMELINETactical Planning

Event -

Flow Constrained Areas (FCA) • User Hotline

Adjustments within event • Telcons

Recovery • Diversion Recovery

Day +1 Analysis • Post Analysis

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RESOLVING OPERATIONAL DISRUPTIONS:

• During constraining events, the AOC SPT will attempt to:

– Limit outbound and inbound delays at the hubs to an Air

Carrier determined maximum time value

– Plan maximum out/off time to an Air Carrier determined

maximum time value based on known or anticipated wheels-

up times during a Ground Delay Program

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THREE AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION OPERATIONS COORDINATORS AT ATCSCC:

• Principle Objectives– Monitor the National Traffic Management Environment and

take action for the member airlines’ benefit.

– Ensure that member airlines’ perspective is considered.• Host daily ATA member telcons to gain consensus on

operational plan.

– Assist member airlines’ personnel in fostering a productive and effective relationship with ATCSCC personnel.

– Provide resource to ATCSCC management on industry specifics (Operational Control, Airline Structure, etc.)

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AOC SPT TOOLS AVAILABLE:• Automated Radar Terminal System (ARTS)• Aircraft Situation Display (ASD)• Flight Schedule Monitor (FSM)• Sector Management Tool (SMT)• Center Tracon Automation System (CTAS)• Common Constraint Situation Display (CCSD)• ATCSCC Web site

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AOC SPT COMMUNICATIONS PLAN:• Initiate a communications process within the Air Carrier

which will facilitate the effective implementation and execution of the SPT’s strategic plan of operations.

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SummarySummary

• Airline Operations Centers, Flight Dispatch, and the AOC SPT enhance the safety and operational effectiveness of an Air Carrier’s flight operations.

• Collaboration is essential to manage air traffic in the saturated NAS.

• Commitment to continuousimprovement through advanced technology, joint training, and collaboration.

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Documents

01/14/01 S2K+1 Field Training Spring 2001. 01/14/01 FAR 121 Air Safety PAD Operational Responsibility shared by: –P ilots –A TC –D ispatchers Enhancing