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รายงานสรุปโครงการ - เล่มรายงานโครงการพัฒนาพื้นที่ย่านสะพานปลากรุงเทพมหานคร แบบพหุภาคี

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  • ( 57-00-1090 57-01043.)

    (.)

    2558 d

  • Final Report The Regeneration of Saphan Pla (Contact no 57-00-1090 Project code 57-01043)

    This Project was supported by Thai Health Promotion Foundation (Thai Health)

    March 2015 d

  • -- 1 85 (Urban Design and Development Center; UddC) (The Riverfront of Thailand)

    ..2555 (.) 1 3

    2 (Taskforce) / .

  • 5

  • Abstract

    Saphan pla District Bangkok has the highest potential for Urban Regeneration, due to its location near Bangkok business district, Bangrak-Silom-Sathorn and its proximity to Chaophraya River, from Taksin bridge to Chatriam Hotel measured 1.2 kilometer. The district is highly accessible from road rail and boat as it is the multi-modal transit connecting BTS and central pier and has high potential in building density according to BMA regulation. Another most important factor is that 85 percentage of the site belongs to governmental sector and religious sector, therefore this site has the least complexity in collabotating process with stakeholders. Despite the high potential, the district has been developing under its capacity and potentials. Many areas are abandoned due to the development pattern that each landowner develops their own plot, lacking of deliberative platform. Therefore, Urban Design and Development Center; UddC, Chulalongkorn University sees the opportunity to revive Saphan pla District to high quality public space, The Riverfront of Thailand.

    The Regeneration of Saphan pla District has the goal to develop the high quality public space along the riverfront for not only inhabitant living in the area but also travelers. By creating the access to riverfront from the transit station, merging design to the flood-prevention dam and design continuous space along the riverfront for recreational use, both pedestrian and bicycle lane. With this aim, UddC starts to develop the research project from 2012 in collaboration with Chulalongkorn University, Tokyo University and Peking University. Then develop to the regeneration of Saphan pla project by deliberative design process with stakeholders; land owners, public authorities, and community in the area.

  • 2 (.)

  • (Yannawa Riverfront) () 1.2 . 200-300

    (The Riverfront of Thailand) 2555 (.)

    2558

  • (Yannawa Riverfront)

    2558

  • 1 ...................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 ................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1.1 ? ........................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.2 1 ...................................... 1-1 1.1.3 2 ...................................................... 1-2 1.2 ................................................................................................ 1-3 1.3 ........................................................................................................... 1-4 1.3.1 ..................................................................................................................................... 1-4 1.3.2 ................................................................................................................................ 1-4 1.4 ......................................................................................................... 1-4 1.4.1 ....................................................................................................................... 1-4 1.4.2 .......................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.5 ..................................................................................................................... 1-7 1.6 ............................................................................................... 1-7

  • ()

    2 ............................................................................ 2-1 2.1 ..................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 ........................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.2 ........................................................................................ 2-1 2.2 ................................................................................................................... 2-3 2.2.1 ................................................................................................ 2-3 2.2.2 ................................................................................................................... 2-4 2.2.3 ........................................................................................................................... 2-10 2.2.4 .................................................................................................................................... 2-11 2.2.5 ........................................................................................................ 2-12

    3 ................................................................................................................. 1 3.1 ......................................................................................................... 1 3.2 ................................................................................................................ 1 3.3 .............................................................................................. 2 3.3.1 (Poll and Surveys) ........................................................................................ 2 3.3.2 (focus group) ......................................................................................................... 2 3.3.3 .................................................................................................................. 2 3.3.4 .................................................................................................................. 3 3.3.5 .................................................................................. 3 3.3.6 ......................................................................................................................... 4 3.3.7 ...................................................................................................................... 4 3.4 .................................................................................................. 5 3.4.1 .......................................................................... 5 3.4.2 ........................................................................................... 5 3.4.3 ................................................................................... 6 3.4.4 .............................................................................. 7

  • ()

    3.4.5 .................................. 8 3.4.6 ................................... 11 3.4.7 .................................. 14

    4 ................................................................................ 4-1 4.1 ................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 .............................................................................................................. 4-1 4.1.2 ......................................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.3 ........................................................................ 4-2 4.1.4 ....................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.2 ................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.3 ................................................................................ 4-3 4.3.1 ............................................................................................. 4-3 4.3.2 .................................. 4-3 4.3.3 .............................................................................................................................. 4-4 4.1.4 ............................................................................................................................... 4-4 5 ................................................................... 5-1 5.1 ....................................................... 5-1 5.1.1 .................................................................................................... 5-2 5.1.2 ..................................................................................... 5-2 5.1.3 .......................................... 5-2 5.2 .......................................................................................................................... 5-2 5 .2.1 .................................................................................... 5-3

    5.2.2 .................................................................................... 5-14 5.3 ................................................................................................................. 5-27

  • ()

    6 ........................................... 6-! 6.1 ..................................................................... 6-! 6.1.1 ....................................................................................................... 6-1 6.1.2 ............................................................................ 6-2 6.2 ............................................................. 6-!

  • 1 - 1 .................................................................................................................... 1-7 3 - 1 .......................................................... 3-12 4 - 1 1 4-16 4 - 2 ............................................................................ 4-17 4 - 3 ............................................................ 4-18

  • 2- 1 ...................................................................... 2-3 2- 2 () .................................................................... 2-4 2- 3 ................................................................................................................... 2-5 2- 4 ................................. 2-6 2- 5 ............................................................................................. 2-6 2- 6 .................................................................................................................... 2-7 2- 7 54 ............................................................................................................. 2-7 2- 8 56 .............................................................................................................. 2-8 2- 9 58 .............................................................................................................. 2-8 2- 10 62 ...................................................................................................................... 2-9 2- 11 ...................................................... 2-10 2- 12 .................................................................. 2-11 2- 13 ......................................................................................... 2-12 2- 14 .............................................................. 2-12 2- 15 ................................................................... 2-13 3- 1 (Focus Group) ...................................................................................... 3-13 3- 2 3 .......................................................................................... 3-13 3- 3 3 ......................................................................................... 3-18 3- 4 3 .......................................................................................... 3-18 4 - 1 .................................................................................................. 4-5 4 - 2 ............................................................................ 4-6 4 - 3 : .............................. 4-7 4 - 4 (Multi-modal Transit Node) ......................... 4-8 4 - 5 .................................................................. 4-8 4 - 6 ............................................. 4-9 4 - 7 ............................................. 4-9 4 - 8 .............................................................. 4-11 4 - 9 .................................................................................... 4-11 4 - 10 ................................................................ 4-12 4 - 11 ....................................................................................... 4-12

  • 4 - 12 1 .......................... 4-14 4 - 13 1 ........................ 4-14 4 - 14 ........................................ 4-19 4 - 15 ........................................... 4-19 4 - 16 / ................................ 4-20 4 - 17 .................................................................................... 4-20 5- 1 ............................... 5-2 5- 2 .......................................................................................... 5-5 5- 3 ............................................................................................ 5-6 5- 4 ......................................................................................................................... 5-8 5- 5 ................................................................................................ 5-9 5- 6 ................................................................ 5-10 5- 7 .................................................... 5-11 5- 8 ........................................................................................... 5-12 5- 9 ....................................................... 5-13 5- 10 ..................................................................................................................... 5-15 5- 11 ...................................................................................................................... 5-16 5- 12 ............................................................................................................. 5-19 5- 13 ................................................................................... 5-20 5- 14 ........................................................................................ 5-22 5- 15 Voice NEWS ........................................................................................................... 5-24 5- 16 Thai PBS ..................................................................................................... 5-24 6- 1 The Great Outdoor Market .......................................................................... 6-3 6- 2 ........................ 6-3

  • 1 - 1 1-6

  • 1-1

    1

    1.1

    1.1.1 ? -- 1 200-300 128 ( . 8) 6 (F.A.R. = 6:1) 85

    1.1.2 1

    (Urban Design and Development Center; UddC) (The Riverfront of Thailand) 2555

  • 1-2

    (.) 7

    1)

    2)

    3)

    4)

    5)

    6) (Green Movement)

    7) (Landmark)

    1 2 - 2556

    UddC

    1.1.3 2 2 quick-win strategy UddC

  • 1-3

    ... (multi-purpose)

    1)

    2)

    3)

    4)

    2 1 2

    1.2

    2

    1)

    2)

  • 1-4

    3)

    4)

    1.3

    1.3.1 1)

    2)

    3)

    1.3.2 1)

    2)

    3)

    1.4

    1.4.1 1)

    2)

    3)

  • 1-5

    1.4.2

    1.2 200-300 ( 1-1)

  • 1-6

    1 - 1 (: )

  • 1-7

    1.5

    6 6 ( 2557 2558) 1-1

    1 - 1

    : , 2558

    1.6

    5

    1

    1) 2) 3)

    3

    1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 41. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. .

    .. .. .. .. .. ..

  • 1-8

    2

    6

    1)

    (1) 2

    (2) (Literature Review)

    2)

    2

    (1)

    (2)

    3

  • 1-9

    1)

    2) (focus group) 2

    3)

    4

    1) Webpage

    2)

    3) 4)

    5

  • 2-1

    2

    2 2

    2.1 2

    2.1.1 2

    1)

    2)

    2.1.2 (Literature Review)

    1)

  • 2-2

    (1) - - - (///)

    (2) - -

    2)

    GIS (Graphic information system)

    3)

    4)

    . .

    5)

  • 2-3

    2.2

    2.2.1 1)

    9 3 32.8 3.3 10 10 3 - 3.4 3.6

    2- 1

    2)

    38 65 35,000 40,000 13.5 BTS

  • 2-4

    2- 2 ()

    2.2.2

    1) -

    The Land Mark

  • 2-5

    2- 3

    -

    140

  • 2-6

    2- 4

    2)

    -

    2- 5

  • 2-7

    - 4

    2

    2- 6

    - 54

    54

    2- 7 54

  • 2-8

    - 56 56

    2- 8 56

    - 58 58

    2- 9 58

  • 2-9

    - 62

    62 ( The Land mark)

    2- 10 62

  • 2-10

    2.2.3

    .. 2538

    - - - - The Land Mark ()

    2- 11

  • 2-11

    - ()

    3 3 () 2.8

    2- 12

    2.2.4

    140

  • 2-12

    2- 13

    2.2.5

    1) .55 (2543) -

    1) 3

    2) 3 15 8 2 4

    3) 15 45 16

    2- 14

  • 2-13

    1) 10 6 3) 12

    2- 15

    2) .

    - - 1:3 -

    3)

    - - 1:1 1:3 - -

    4) .

    (. 2522)

  • 3-1

    3

    3 4

    1) 2) 3) 4)

    3.1

    1) ()

    2) 66

    3)

    4) ()

    3.2 2 2

  • 3-2

    1) (Public, Public and Private Partnership, PPPP)

    2) (Public, Private and Community Partnership, PPCP) 140

    3.3 4 1) 2) 3) 4)

    3.3.1 (Poll and Surveys)

    3.3.2 (focus group)

    1)

    2)

  • 3-3

    3.3.3

    2

    1)

    2)

    3.3.4

    1)

    2)

    3.3.5

    1)

  • 3-4

    2) 1) 2) 3)

    3.3.6

    1)

    2) 1) 2)

    3.3.7

    1)

    2) 1) 2) 3)

  • 3-5

    3.4

    1)

    2) 3)

    4)

    5)

    3.4.1 ( 1 )

    4 1) 2) 3) 4) 200 1) 2) 3) 4)

  • 3-6

    3.4.2 1)

    112 56 89 44 2)

    21-30 50 25 41-50 42 21 31-40 39 19 15 7 60 12 3)

    49 24 46 23 39 19 / 30 15 27 14 37 5 4)

    10,000 15,000 52 15,000 30,000 15 5,000 14 30,000 50,000 11.0 / 5,000-10,000 8 5)

    144 67 44 21 12 6 9 4

    3.4.3

  • 3-7

    1)

    141 15.7 137 15.2 119 13.2 49 5.5 35 3.9 13 1.5 2)

    116 32.5 . () - 100 102 28.6 . () - 400 74 20.7 52 14.6 69 8 2.2 5 1.4 3)

    186 93 51 60 62 65 13 6 54 56 58 66

    3.4.4

  • 3-8

    1)

    76 23 8 6 5 3 2 2)

    50 66 27 18 2 / 30 / 28 15 12 9 5 4 3 1 3-5 / 1-2 / 85 8 7 2 1 49 45 () 7 5 () 2 45

    3)

    147 51 42 15 35 12 7 2 6 2 74 55 70 45 77 47 38 23 27 16 10 6

  • 3-9

    58 9 6 4 2

    3.4.5

    1) 161

    80 37 18 90 45

    2)

    60 48 41 33 12 10

    3) 79 47

    44 31 29 20 21 15 17 15 10 18 12

    4)

    57 42 36 27 32 24 7 5 3 2

  • 3-10

    5)

    141 87 18 11 3 2 6)

    199 100 7)

    25 / 20 17 18 19 1 24 17 14 6 3 2 8)

    27 17 16 14 13 12 1

    200 20 200-300 80 50 3

  • 3-11

    3.4.6

    3-1

    :

    - -

    : . .

    - - -

    :

    -

    -

    -

    - . .

    - 1

    :

    -

    -

    1 - / ( ) / (.)

  • 3-12

    - - -

    -

    (Potential

    Users) -

    -

    2 :

    - -

    -

    -

    3- 1 (Focus Group) (: )

    2 5 .. 2558 250

  • 3-13

    3- 2 3 (: )

  • 3-14

    3.4.7

    21 2557

    1) 2) - 2 quick-win

    strategy

    (1)

    (2)

    (multi-purpose)

  • 3-15

    3) (1) (2)

    (3)

    4)

    (1) 1.2

    (2) ()

    5) (1) (2) (3)

    (4)

    6)

    (1) 200 20 80 50

    (2) 25

    (3) 5

    - - -

  • 3-16

    - -

    7) 2

    2.1) :

    2.2) :

    ()

    8)

    1) (Advisory Committee)

    2) (Steering Committee)

    3) (Taskforce) .

    4)

    9) 2557 2558 2559 TOR 2559 2560

    10) 2 (1) 2557 (2) 2557 (3)

    2558

  • 3-17

    11) (1) 1.2 ( 3.3 ) (2) (3) (4)

    3 1.2 2557- 2558

    1) 2) 3)

  • 2-18

    3- 3 3

    (: )

    3- 4 3

    (: )

  • 4-1

    4

    4 (Potential User) 4

    4.1 4.1.1

    1) 2 (1) (Taskforce)

    (2)

    / /

    2) - - - - - - () - - - - - - - (.)

  • 4-2

    4.1.2 1) 2)

    3) (Policy makers)

    4.1.3 1) 2) 3) 4)

    4.1.4 1) 2) 3) 4)

    4.2 (Taskforce) 2

    2557 2558

    1 26..

    57 1.

    2.

    3.

    1.

    - (roadmap) -

    -

    2. 3.

    2 3 ..

    57 1.

    2.

    1.

  • 4-3

    3 17 ..57

    1. 2.

    1. 2. 3.

    4 7 ..58

    1.

    1.

    5 21 ..58

    1. 2. 3.

    1. 2. 3.

    6 28

    ..58 1.

    2.

    1.

    4.3 4.3.1 1)

    / - - - - -

    2) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

  • 4-4

    (9)

    4.3.2 1) 2)

    ( 4.2)

    4.3.3 1.2 (Universal Design)

    4.1.4 1)

    5 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

    2) 2

  • 4-5

    4 - 1

    (: )

  • 4-6

    Keymap

    4 - 2

    (: )

  • 4-7

    1

    2

    3

    4 The Landmark Waterfront

    4 - 3 : (: )

  • 4-8 8

    1) - -- (Multi-modal Transit Node)

    - ()

    -

    4 - 4 (Multi-modal Transit Node)

    4 - 5

  • 4-9 9

    2) -

    -

    4 - 6

    3) - -

    - (mixed use)

    4 - 7

  • 4-10 10

    4) -

    4 - 8

    5)

    -

    - 58 60

    4 - 9

  • 4-11 11

    6) () -

    - -

    4 - 10

    4 - 11

  • 4-12 12

    4.1.5

    1) - - - -

    2)

    3)

    - - -

    . . 2 5 5 9 . . 2 5 6 0

  • 4-13 13

    4 - 12 1 ( : , 2558)

    4 - 13 1 ( : , 2558)

  • 4-14 14

    4.4 (Potential User)

    (Potential User)

    1)

    2)

    (1) (2) (3) (Role play)

    , , ., , , , .

    3)

    58 2 6

    (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

  • 4-15 15

    4)

    (1) 2 : (1) BTS (2)

    4 - 1 1

    / () (1)

    -

    - -

    - -

    - -

    -

    (1) . -

    (2)

    - (3)

    - -

    (2) -

    -

    - -

    (1) -

    (2) -

  • 4-16 16

    (2)

    4 - 2

    1. - 18 2. -

    - - -

    13

    3. -

    10

    4. - - -

    8

    5. - - - -

    6

    6. -

    6

    7. - -

    6

    8. - ()

    3

    9. - 2

  • 4-17 17

    4 - 3

    1. -

    - -

    8

    2. - - - -

    7

    3. - - - -

    2

    4. - 2 5. -

    1

    6. - ()

    1

    7. - 1

  • 4-18

    4 - 14

    ( : , 2558)

    4 - 15

    ( : , 2558)

  • 4-19

    4 - 16 /

    ( : , 2558)

    4 - 17

    ( : , 2558)

  • 5-1

    5

    3 (1) (2) (3)

    5.1

    2 2

    2 (Off-line) (On-line) (Brand Identity)

  • 5-2

    5.1.1 1) 2)

    5.1. 2 1)

    2) 3) 4) 5)

    5.1.3 1) 2) / 3)

    5- 1

  • 5-3

    5.2

    5.2.1

    1)

    5-1

    / 1.

    (11-12 .. 57)

    -

    -

    - - -

    2. 3 (21 ..57)

    -

    -

    -

    - - - - - -

    3. (..57-..58)

    -

    -

    - - - -

    4.

    -

    - - - - - -

    5. (19-21 ..57)

    -

    - - -

  • 5-4

    / -

    6. (11 ..58)

    -

    -

    -

    - - -

    7. 2 (5 ..58)

    - 1)

    2)

    3)

    - -

  • 5-5

    2)

    2.1) (Bangkok Docklands) 19-21 2557 2 Bangkok Docklands ( 5-2)

    2.2) 2 5 2558

    5- 2 (Bangkok Docklands)

  • 5-6

    250 2 ( 5-3)

    1.2)

    - - -

    5-2

    / 1.

    (11-12 .. 57)

    -

    -

    2. 3 (21 ..57)

    -

    5- 3

  • 5-7

    / - 3.

    (..57-..58) -

    4.

    -

    -

    6.

    (19-21 ..57) - -

    7.

    (11 ..58) -

    - -

    8.

    2 (5 ..58)

    - - - -

    1) 2)

    3) 4)

  • 5-8

    5- 4

  • 5-9

    5- 5

  • 5-10

    5- 6

  • 5-11

    5- 7

  • 5-12

    5- 8

  • 5-13

    5- 9

  • 5-14

    5.2. 2

    3

    1) : www.YannawaRiverfront.org 2) : www.facebook.com/YannawaRiverfront 3)

  • 5-15

    1) YannawaRiverfront.org YannawaRiverfront.org 1

    5- 10 www.YannawaRiverfront.org

  • 5-16

    2) www.facebook.com/YannawaRiverfront (facebook)

    5- 11 www.facebook.com/YannawaRiverfront

  • 5-17

    2.1) 22 ..7 ..58 4,862 (5 ..58)

    3,020 521 580% ( 5-1) 60,266 15 ( 5-2)

    5- 1 5 .. 58

    5- 2 5 .. 58

    51 25-34 18-24 35-44

  • 5-18

    48 25-34 18-24 35-44 ( 5-3)

    5- 3 5 .. 58

  • 5-19

    3)

    3.1) " " 05.57

    2

    (..58) 12,395 / 1,052 / 1,633

    5- 12 - http://youtu.be/iSf293Rldfk

  • 5-20

    3.2) 2 5 .. 2558 05.07

    2 250

    (..58) 270 / 11 / 56

    5- 13 - http://youtu.be/yAW61QoppNc

  • 5-21

    4)

    1) 13

    5-3

    )(

    1. . .3 .'1 -1 -1 '

    4 ..57 25,717.50

    2. ()

    '111'. .3.

    5 ..57 44,564

    3. . 7 ..57 17,138

    4. The Nation OUT AND ABOUT: Party at the docks

    11 ..57 13,035

    5. '' 30 ..57 308,022

    6. ''

    4 ..58 109,692

    7. ''

    5 ..58 70,290

    8. ()

    16 ..58 302,832

    9. 16 ..58 303,648

    10. The Nation Chilling by the CHAO PHRAYA 22 ..58 948,870

    11. Bangkok Post City project aims to return river to public

    2 ..58 274,635

    12. 5 ..58 289,815

    13. 6 ..58 47,415

    2,755,673.50

  • 5-22

    5- 14

  • 5-23

    2) 9

    5-4

    ()

    1. NOW 26 BUSINESS TALKS

    4 ..58 22:3023:30. 00:47:06

    2. Voice TV TONIGHT THAILAND

    5 ..58 21.3022.45 . 00:04:30

    3. Thai PBS Thai PBS 6 ..58 06.3008.00. 00:03:24

    4. Voice TV Voice NEWS 6 ..58 18.3020.10 . 00:04:21

    5. Voice TV Voice NEWS 6 ..58 12.0013.30 . 00:03:09

    6. Voice TV TONIGHT THAILAND

    7 ..58 21.3022.45 . 00:12:33

    7. Voice TV Global Village 15 ..58 09.3010.00. 00:22:49

    8. Nation )(

    20 ..58 11.0012.55 . 00:04:27

    9. 3

    11 ..58 11:0513:30 . 00:06:00

    01:02:99

  • 5-24

    5-14 Voice NEWS 6 2558

    5- 15 Voice NEWS 6 2558 ( : VoiceTV)

    5- 16 Thai PBS 6 2558 ( : ThaiPBS)

  • 5-25

    3) 15

    5-5

    URL 1. .

    7 .. 57 http://goo.gl/iRQhr6

    2. Coconuts BKK All Aboard: Shop and float on a big, old boat

    9 .. 57 http://goo.gl/csES7O

    3. ASTV

    -

    21 .. 57 http://goo.gl/bhQI9d

    4.

    "" 1,296

    30 .. 57 http://goo.gl/9BOrTX

    5. UddC

    16 ..58 http://goo.gl/TdC2Eg

    6. 4 .. 58 http://goo.gl/1lkcQX

    7.

    5 .. 58 http://goo.gl/6oiyax

    8. TPBS

    6 .. 58 http://goo.gl/dNjF6z

    9. TPBS Bangkok to have new quality park and bike lane by the river

    6 .. 58 http://goo.gl/4gvNE3

    10.

    Yannawa Riverfront

    7 .. 58 http://goo.gl/OdVhqP

    11. -

    16 .. 58 http://goo.gl/KBSifW

    12. The Nation Chilling by the Chao Phraya 22 .. 58 http://goo.gl/Rfx7Ml

    13. Bangkok Post City project aims to return river to public

    2 ..58 http://goo.gl/hdxQEV

    14. 5 ..58 http://goo.gl/ArwbP5

  • 5-26

    URL 15. -

    2

    6 ..58 http://goo.gl/WrS7Ht

  • 5-27

    5.3

    5-6

    1)

    1.1

    - / 4

    1.2

    - 28

    - - 9

    - Facebook Website

    - 7

    2)

    2.1 .

    - 3

    2.2

    - 3

    2.3

    -

  • 5-28

    2.4

    - 2

    - 2

  • 6-1

    6

    6.1 6.1.1

    3 1 1

    5-10

    1

    2

  • 6-2

    2

    3

    (Social Network) 5 2558

    3

    6.1.2

    1)

    The Great Outdoor Market 2557

  • 6-3

    6- 1 The Great Outdoor Market

    6- 2

  • 6-4

    2)

    6.2

    1)

    2)

    (www.yannawariverfront.org)

    Cover_Final Report_Yannawa-02all_final_report01 _-02 _-03 _-1-Print04 _-2-Print05 _-3-Print06 _-4_Print07 _-5_print08 _-6_print