P.E.R.S.I.A.N. CHART

NAME: ________________________ PERIOD: __________ DATE: ______________

POLITICAL Leaders, Elites State Structure War Diplomacy, Treaties Courts, Laws

ECONOMIC Type of System Technology, Industry Trade, Commerce Capital/Money Types of Businesses

RELIGIOUS Holy Books Beliefs, Teachings Conversion Sin/Salvation Deities

SOCIAL Family Gender Relations Social Classes Inequalities Life Styles

INTELLECTUAL , ARTS Art, Music Writing, Literature Philosophy Math & Science Education

NEAR: GEOGRAPHY Location Physical Movement Human/Environment Region

Magnet Summaries “Climbing Frozen Waterfalls”

Magnet Cards Put key concept word in the middle of each card. As you read, put important details

around the “magnet word.”

If you trudge through deep snow and walk When you use a serrated ax to climb frozen

slowly and heavily on slippery ice, you will waterfalls, the ax has teeth that are jagged

be exhausted at the end of the day. and cut and saw into the ice.

A novice ice climber is a beginner who is new at the The experience of ice climbing is mystical

sport, so he or she must ask for advice and maybe and spiritual because the climber

awkward the first few times he/she tries ice climbing. goes into a prayer-like or Zen-like state of

consciousness which becomes addicting.

Arrange the four summary sentences into a paragraph summary.

To climb frozen waterfalls, the climber has to trudge through deep snow and walk slowly and heavily on slippery

ice. This is very exhausting. One of the pieces of equipment that the climber must use is a serrated ax which has

teeth that are jagged and saw and cut into the ice. A novice ice climber is a beginner who is new at the sport, so he

or she must ask for advice and maybe awkward the first few times he/she tries climbing a frozen waterfall. Many ice

climbers find the experience a mystical or spiritual. They say that they go into a prayer-like or Zen-like state of

consciousness which becomes addicting.

Information from: Critical Reading Series, Daredevils, Jamestown Publishers, Chicago, IL.

walk slowly exhausted

and heavily

Trudge

deep snow slippery ice

jagged cut

Serrated

saw teeth in an ax

beginner new

Novice

awkward asks for help

spiritual prayer-like

Mystical

experience

Zen-like addicting

Chapter 01: Worlds Collide: Europe, Africa, and America (1450–1620)

College Board Topics Topic Outlines – Potential FRQ’s / DBQ’s

1. Pre-Columbian Societies

• Early inhabitants of the Americas • American Indian empires in Mesoamerica, the Southwest, and the

Mississippi Valley • American Indian cultures of North America at the time of European

contact

TERMS TO KNOW

Native Americans—Land Bridge Sioux, Pawnee, Pueblo, Adena

Hopewell, Mississippian, Iroquois Mayas, Incas, Aztecs Renaissance Spain and the Moors Spanish Reconquista Protestant Reformation Primogeniture Role of Portugal Henry the Navigator Christopher Columbus Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) Vasco Nunez de Balboa

Ferdinand Magellan Hernan Cortés Francisco Pizarro Conquistadors Columbian Exchange Encomienda System Asiento System Martin Luther Indulgences Predestination Mercantilism Gentry Indenture

Timeline Chapter 1 13,000–3000 B.C. Asian migrants reach North America 3000 B.C. Farming begins in Mesoamerica A.D. 100–400 Flourishing of Hopewell culture 300 Rise of Mayan civilization 500 Zenith of Teotihuacán civilization 600 Pueblo cultures emerge 632–1100 Arab people adopt Islam and spread its influence 800–1350 Development of Mississippian culture 1096–1291 Crusades link Europe with Arab learning 1300–1450 Italian Renaissance 1325 Aztecs establish capital at Tenochtitlán 1440s Portugal enters trade in African slaves 1492 Christopher Columbus makes first voyage to America 1513 Juan Ponce de León explores Florida 1517 Martin Luther sparks Protestant Reformation 1519–1521 Hernán Cortés conquers Aztec empire 1520–1650 Price Revolution 1532–1535 Francisco Pizarro vanquishes Incas 1534 Henry VIII establishes Church of England 1536 John Calvin publishes Institutes of the Christian Religion 1550–1630 English crown endorses mercantilism Parliament passes enclosure acts 1556–1598 Reign of Philip II, King of Spain 1558–1603 Reign of Elizabeth I, Queen of England 1560s Puritan movement begins in England 1588 English and storms defeat Spanish Armada

Chapter 01: Worlds Collide: Europe, Africa, and America (1450ï1620)

Chapter 01: Worlds Collide: Europe, Africa, and America (1450ï1620)

Chapter 01: Worlds Collide: Europe, Africa, and America (1450ï1620)

Chapter 02: The Invasion and Settlement of North America (1550–1700)

College Board Topics Topic Outlines – Potential FRQ’s / DBQ’s

2. Transatlantic Encounters and Colonial Beginnings, 1492-1690

• First European contacts with American Indians • Spain’s empire in North America • French colonization of Canada • English settlement of New England, the Mid-Atlantic region, and the South • From servitude to slavery in the Chesapeake region • Religious diversity in the American colonies • Resistance to colonial authority: Bacon’s Rebellion, the Glorious Revolution,

and the Pueblo Revolt

TERMS TO KNOW

John Cabot Jacques Cartier Father Jacques Marquette Robert de la Salle Henry Hudson Indentured Servants Headright System Regulators (Regulator Movement) Triangle Trade Dominion of New England London Company Joint-Stock Corporation House of Burgesses Great Migration Quakers Jamestown Pilgrims Mayflower Compact Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Renaissance Reformation Theocracy Nathaniel Bacon Parson’s Cause New England Confederation Paxton Boys

Cotton Mather Salem Witch Trials Albany Plan of Union Bacon’s Rebellion Pontiac’s Rebellion King Philip’s War John Smith Pocahontas John Rolfe Powhatan Miles Standish William Bradford Squanto Samoset Massasoit King Philip William Penn George Calvert John Berkely John Winthrop Edmund Andros James Oglethorpe Cadwallader Colden John Bartram Pontiac Toleration Act of 1649

Chapter 02: The Invasion and Settlement of North America (1550–1700)

Timeline Chapter 2 1539–1543 Coronado and de Soto lead gold-seeking expeditions 1565 Spain establishes a fort at St. Augustine 1598 Acomas rebel in New Mexico 1603–1625 Reign of James I, king of England 1607 English traders settle Jamestown (Virginia) 1608 Samuel de Champlain founds Quebec 1613 Dutch set up fur-trading post on Manhattan Island 1619 First Africans arrive in the Chesapeake region House of Burgesses convenes in Virginia 1620 Pilgrims found Plymouth Colony 1620–1660 Chesapeake colonies experience tobacco boom 1621 Dutch West India Company granted charter 1622 Opechancanough's uprising 1624 Virginia becomes a royal colony 1625–1649 Reign of Charles I, king of England 1630 Puritans found Massachusetts Bay Colony 1634 Maryland is settled 1636 Puritan-Pequot War 1636 Roger Williams founds Providence 1637 Anne Hutchinson banished from Massachusetts Bay 1640s Iroquois initiate wars over fur trade 1642–1659 Puritan Revolution in England 1651 First Navigation Act 1660 Restoration of English monarchy Tobacco prices fall and remain low 1664 English conquer New Netherland 1675 Bacon's Rebellion 1675–1676 Metacom's uprising 1680 Popé's rebellion in New Mexico 1692 Salem witchcraft trials 1705 Virginia enacts law defining slavery

Chapter 02: The Invasion and Settlement of North America (1550–1700)

Chapter 02: The Invasion and Settlement of North America (1550–1700)

Chapter 02: The Invasion and Settlement of North America (1550–1700)

Chapter 03: The British Empire in America (1660–1750)

College Board Topics Topic Outlines – Potential FRQ’s / DBQ’s

3. Colonial North America, 1690-1754

• Population growth and immigration • Transatlantic trade and the growth of seaports • The eighteenth-century back country • Growth of plantation economies and slave societies • The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening • Colonial governments and imperial policy in British North America

TERMS TO KNOW Charles II Restoration Colonies Manorial System William Penn Mercantilism Jacob Leisler's Rebellion South Atlantic System Middle Passage Triangle Trade Stono Rebellion William Byrd

Glorious Revolution Salutary Neglect Robert Walpole The War of Jenkins Ear Navigation Acts Enlightenment James II Dominion of New England Two Treatises on Government

(1690)

Types of Colonies

There were three types of British colonies: Royal colonies were owned and administered directly by the Crown. Proprietary colonies were land grants from the British government. Individuals were awarded tracts of land that they would govern. These colonial governors reported directly to the Crown. Self-governing colonies formed when the Crown granted a charter to a joint-stock company and the company then set up its own government. The Crown could revoke the colonial charter at any time and convert a self-governing colony into a royal colony.

Chapter 03: The British Empire in America (1660–1750)

Chapter 03: The British Empire in America (1660–1750)

Timeline Chapter 3 1651 First Navigation Act 1660–1685 Reign of King Charles II 1663 Charles II grants Carolina proprietorship 1664 English capture New Netherland; rename it New York 1681 William Penn founds Pennsylvania 1685–1688 Reign of King James II 1686–1689 Dominion of New England 1688–1689 Glorious Revolution in England 1689 William and Mary ascend the throne in England Revolts in Massachusetts, Maryland, and New York 1689–1713 England, France, and Spain at war 1696 Parliament creates Board of Trade 1705 Virginia enacts slavery legislation 1714–1750 Britain follows policy of salutary neglect, allowing American assemblies to gain power 1720–1742 Sir Robert Walpole leads Parliament 1720–1750 African American community forms Rice exports from South Carolina soar Planter aristocracy emerges Seaport cities expand 1732 Parliament charters Georgia, challenging Spain Hat Act 1733 Molasses Act 1739 Stono Rebellion in South Carolina 1739–1748 War with Spain in the Caribbean and France in Canada 1750 Iron Act restricts colonial iron manufactures 1751 Currency Act prohibits land banks and use of paper money as legal tender

Chapter 03: The British Empire in America (1660–1750)

Chapter 03: The British Empire in America (1660–1750)

Chapter 03: The British Empire in America (1660–1750)

Chapter 04: Growth and Crisis in American Society (1720–1765)

College Board Topics Topic Outlines – Potential FRQ’s / DBQ’s

4. The American Revolutionary Era, 1754-1789

• The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening • Colonial Governments and Imperial Policy in British North America • The French and Indian War • The Imperial Crisis and resistance to Britain • The War for Independence • State Constitutions and the Articles of Confederation • The Federal Constitution

Freeholders TERMS TO KNOW

Cotton Mather Jonathan Edwards First Great Awakening Mercantilism Enlightenment Stono Rebellion Quakers William Penn Pietism John Locke French Revolution in 1789 Calvinism John Calvin Deism American Philosophical Society “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry

God”

George Whitefield “New Lights” Religious Pluralism “Play-off System” The French and Indian War Albany Plan of Union William Pitt Fort Duquesne Seven Years’ War General James Wolfe Pontiac’s Rebellion Proclamation of 1763 Paxton Boys The Regulators

Chapter 04: Growth and Crisis in American Society (1720–1765)

Map 4.2 Ethnic and Racial Diversity in the British Colonies, 1775 In 1700, most colonists in British North America were of English origin; by 1775, settlers of English descent constituted only about 50 percent of the total population. African Americans now accounted for one-third of the residents of the South, while thousands of German and Scots-Irish migrants contributed to ethnic and religious diversity in the middle colonies and southern backcountry (see Table 4.1).

Chapter 04: Growth and Crisis in American Society (1720–1765)

Figure 4.2 Church Growth by Denomination, 1700–1780 Some churches—such as the Dutch Reformed, Anglican, and Congregational—grew at a steady pace, primarily from the natural increase of their members. After 1740, the fastest-growing denominations were immigrant churches—German Reformed, Lutheran, and Presbyterian—and those, like the Baptists, with an evangelical message.

Chapter 04: Growth and Crisis in American Society (1720–1765)

Map 4.4 European Spheres of Influence in North America, 1754 France and Spain laid claim to vast areas of North America and relied on their Indian allies to combat the numerical superiority of British settlers. For their part, Native Americans played off one European power against another. As a British official observed: “To preserve the Ballance between us and the French is the great ruling Principle of Modern Indian Politics.” By expelling the French from North America, the Great War for Empire disrupted this balance and left the Indian peoples on their own to resist encroaching Anglo-American settlers.

Timeline Chapter 4 1710s–1730s

Enlightenment ideas spread from Europe to America Germans and Scots-Irish settle in the Middle Atlantic colonies Theodore Jacob Frelinghuysen preaches Pietism to German migrants 1730s

William and Gilbert Tennent lead Presbyterian revivals among Scots-Irish Jonathan Edwards preaches in New England 1739

George Whitefield sparks the Great Awakening 1740s–1760s

Conflict between Old Lights and New Lights Shortage of farmland in New England threatens freehold ideal Growing ethnic and religious pluralism in Middle Atlantic colonies Religious denominations establish colleges 1743

Benjamin Franklin founds American Philosophical Society Samuel Morris starts Presbyterian revivals in Virginia 1749

Virginia speculators create Ohio Company, and Connecticut farmers form Susquehanna Company 1750s

Industrial Revolution in England Consumer revolution increases American imports and debt 1754

French and Indian War begins Iroquois and colonists meet at Albany Congress; Franklin's Plan of Union 1756

Britain begins Great War for Empire 1759–1760

Britain completes conquest of Canada 1760s

Land conflict along New York and New England Baptist revivals win converts in Virginia 1763

Pontiac's Rebellion leads to Proclamation of 1763 Treaty of Paris ends Great War for Empire Scots-Irish Paxton Boys massacre Indians in Pennsylvania 1771

Royal governor puts down Regulator revolt in North Carolina

Chapter 04: Growth and Crisis in American Society (1720–1765)

Chapter 04: Growth and Crisis in American Society (1720–1765)

Chapter 04: Growth and Crisis in American Society (1720–1765)