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7/29/2019 01 Interaction Between Biotic Components
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Interaction Between Biotic
Components
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Commensalism Relationship between 2 species thatbenefits one species but either benefits
nor harms the other species.
Commensal Host
Epiphytes Epizoics
+ o
Plants Animals
2 types
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Green plants.
Doesnt drive nutrition from
its host. (photosynthesise)
Faces difficulties in getting
water & minerals.
Adaptation:
has a swollen stem at its
base to store water.
Has special roots (aerial
roots) to absorb moisture.
Roots are coated withspongy layer (velamen)
which prevents roots tissue
from drying out.
Has sunken stoma to
reduce water loss.
Epiphyte
Birds nest fern
Staghon fern
Pigeon orchid
Swollen stem
Aerial roots
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Adjacent fronds overlap
to form a nest
Thick waxy cuticle
covers the epidermis
of the fronds (the
leaves of a fern)
Collects fallen leaves,
pieces of tree bark,
particles from air, bird
dropping, rain water
Others adaptations:
Ants make their nest
among the roots to
increase the organic
content of this nest
from decaying of
substances in the nest
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Competition: Interaction between 2 organisms living together in a
habitat and competing for limited recourses.
Animal usually compete forfood, shelterand
breeding mates, while plants compete forspace,
light, nutrients and water.
2 types:
Interspecific competition.
Intraspecific competition.
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Microorganisms (protozoa & bacteria) and
herbivores
There are protozoa & bacteria living in the
alimentary canal ofherbivore, produce the
enzyme cellulase to digest the cellulose of plant
material taken by host.
A large part of the sugar produced is absorbed by
the host herbivore. The balance is used by themicroorganisms.
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Shell
Sea anemone
(buran laut)
(host) Hermit crab
(umang-umang)
Sea anemone live on
the top of the shell of
marine snail.
The hermit crab gets
protection from the
tentacles of the sea
anemone.
Sea anemone gets
transported and
sources of food from
hermit crab
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Relationship between two organisms
where the parasite benefits but the
host is harmed.
2 types:
Endoparasites
Ectoparasites
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Endoparasite
s Tapeworms, flukes, plasmodium (caused malaria).
Adaptation:
no nervous systems and sense organ.
no digestive tracts, they absorb food through the whole
body surface.
have protective cuticle & anti-enzymes to prevent being
digested by hosts enzymes, acids or alkalis.
have flattened shape to cling on to the host.
carrying out anaerobic respiration.
great reproductive system.
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Ectoparasites
Animal ectoparasites
on plant hosts
Have hook to attachthemselves on their
hosts
Have sharp mouthparts for hooking,
sucking or biting.
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Animal
Ectoparasites
Plant
Ectoparasites
Have no leaves, stems or
roots.
Uses its strands of fungus
like tissue to draw nutrients
from host vine.
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Prey-Predator Relationship
The relationship exists when a weaker
animal (the _________) is hunted and
eaten by anotherstronger animal (the__________).
This relationship is important to keep
different animal populations of anecosystem in balance.
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Prey or Predator?
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rats
owls Prey
increase
Predator
increase
Prey
decrease
Predator
decreaseThe dynamic equilibrium of the
preys and predators population
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Saprophytism
Animals that feed on dead organic matter that has been
digested.
Saprophytes produce enzymes to digest and decomposethe dead complex organic matter.
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Symbiosis
Means living together.
Permanent and close relationship
between 2 or more different species.
There are 3 categories:
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism