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8/12/2019 00_wcdma Ran Basic Principle Issue1.0
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HUAWEI TEC HNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
All rights reserved
www.huawei.com
Internal
WCDMA RAN Basic Principle
ISSUE1.0
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Chapter 1 Radio Transmission EnvironmentCha
pter 1 Radio Transmission Environment
Chapter 2 CDMA FundamentalChapter 2 CDMA Fundamental
Chapter !er"orman#e Enhan#ement MethodsChapter !er"orman#e Enhan#ement Methods
Chapter $ %CDMA FDD ModeChapter $ %CDMA FDD Mode
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Tra""i# #hannels& di""erent
users are assi'ned uni(ue
#ode and transmitted over
the same "re(uen#) *and+
"or e,ample+ %CDMA and
CDMA2000
Tra""i# #hannels& di""erent "re(uen#) *ands
are allo#ated to di""erent users+"or e,ample+
AM!S and TACS
Tra""i# #hannels& di""erent time slots
are allo#ated to di""erent users+ "or
e,ample+ DAM!S and -SM
F r e ( u
e n # )
T i m e
!oer
F r e ( u
e n # )
T i m e
!oer
F r e ( u
e n # )
T i m e
!oer
FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
U s e r
U s e r
U s e r
U s e r
U s e r
U s e r
Multiple Access Technology
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The highway to WCDMA…..
-SM/00
-SM100
!CS1/00
ED-E%CDMA
2- -
-!RS
/.*ps 113.2*ps 04.2*ps 2M*ps 5 5
2.3-
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A rede WCDMA……
SMS s)stem
SGSN
CGBG
GGSN
GPRS Backbone
MSC/VLR GMSC
HLR/AUC
SS7
PSTN
ISDN
BTS CDMARNC
NodeB
RNC
UEUE(ME + USIM)
UEUE(ME + USIM)
OSSOSSOMC
RRU
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Multi-path eniron!ent e""ect signal trans!ission
Si'nal in the transmitter
-40
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
d
Si'nal in the re#eiver
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#ading
Distan#e6m7
Re#eived !oer6d8m7
10 20 0
920
9$0
90
Slo "adin'
Fast "adin'
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#re$uency %election o" #ading
Narrow&and
%yste!
Narrow&and
%yste!
Fadin'
Transmit Si'nal Re#eived Si'nal" "
!6"7 !6"7
Fadin'
Transmit Si'nal Re#eived Si'nal" "
!6"7 !6"7
Broad&and
%yste!
Broad&and
%yste!
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Chapter 1 Radio Transmission EnvironmentChapter 1 Radio Transmission Environment
Chapter 2 CDMA FundamentalChapter 2 CDMA Fundamental
Chapter !er"orman#e Enhan#ement MethodsChapter !er"orman#e Enhan#ement Methods
Chapter $ %CDMA FDD ModeChapter $ %CDMA FDD Mode
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Chapter 2 CDMA FundamentalChapter 2 CDMA Fundamental
2.1 Multiple A##ess Te#hnolo') and Duple, Te#hnolo')2.1 Multiple A##ess Te#hnolo') and Duple, Te#hnolo')
2.2 CDMA !rin#iple and RAE Re#eiver 2.2 CDMA !rin#iple and RAE Re#eiver
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Multiple Access Technology and Duple' Technology
Duple' technology
Ti!e diision duple' (TDD)
#re$uency diision duple' (#DD)
Multiple access technology
#re$uency diision !ultiple access (#DMA)
Ti!e diision !ultiple access (TDMA)
Code diision !ultiple access (CDMA)
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Characteristics o" CDMA %yste!
*igh %pectral +""iciency
#re$uency !ultiple' coe""icient is ,
so"t capacity
uality
Coerage
Capacity
nter"erence
%el"-inter"erence syste!
A /+ trans!ission power is inter"erence "or another /+
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Chapter 2 CDMA FundamentalChapter 2 CDMA Fundamental
2.1 Multiple A##ess Te#hnolo') and Duple, Te#hnolo')2.1 Multiple A##ess Te#hnolo') and Duple, Te#hnolo')
2.2 CDMA !rin#iple and RAE Re#eiver 2.2 CDMA !rin#iple and RAE Re#eiver
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Sour#e
#odin'Channel#odin'
Spreadin' Modulation
Sour#e
de#odin'
Channel
de#odin'Despreadin' Demodulation
Radio #hannelRadio #hannel
Processing Procedure o" CDMA %yste!
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%preading
Despreading
Chip
%y!&ol
Data
%preading code
%preading signal
0Data1code
Data
0%preading1code
,
-,
,
-,
,
-,
,-,
,
-,
%preading code
%preading and Despreading (D%-CDMA)
Spreading Gain
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Desired signal
2ther user3s signal
Desired spreading
signal
%preading code
Data a"ter
despreading
2ther spreading
signal
2ther signal a"ter
integration
,
-,
,
-,
,
-,
4
-4
,
-,
4
-4
Data a"ter integration
2ther signal a"ter
despreading
%preading and Despreading (D%-CDMA)
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correlation Correlation is a !easure o" si!ilarity o" &etween any two code se$uence
Cross-correlation is related to the !ulti-users inter"erence characteristic.
+5AMP6+7
1 1 91 1
1 1 1 191 1 91 1
:ero #orrelation
;rtho'onal si'nals
91 1 91 1
91 1 91 1
1 1 1 1
1 #orrelation
Identi#al si'nals
<1
0
91
<1 0
91
<1
0
91
<1
0
91
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28%#9Walsh
Creating the orthogonal codeCreating the orthogonal codesequencessequences
SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = $
Cch:,:; 0 617
Cch:<:; 0 (,:,)
Cch:<:, 0 (,:-,)
Cch:=:; 0(,:,:,:,)
Cch:=:, 0 (,:,:-,:-,)
Cch:=:< 0 (,:-,:,:-,)
Cch:=:> 0 (,:-,:-,:,)
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Auto-correlation
Auto-correlation is related to the !ulti-path inter"erence characteristic.
Dela) time se(uen#e
#orrelation
0 91 91 91 1 1 91 1 1
1 91 91 1 1 91 1 91 91>4
2 91 1 1 91 1 91 91 91>4
1 1 91 1 91 91 91 91>4
$ 1 91 1 91 91 91 1 91>4
3 91 1 91 91 91 1 1 91>4
1 91 91 91 1 1 91 91>4Dela) time6#hip7
Correlation
1
Example: -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1 Example: -1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 1
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%pectru! Analysis o" %preading 9 Despreading
Spreadin' #ode
Spreadin' #ode
Si'nal
Com*ination
?arro*and si'nal
"
!6"7
8road*and si'nal
!6"7
"
?oise
!6"7
"
?oise<8road*and si'nal
!6"7
"
Re#overed si'nal
!6"7
"
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Principle o" RA@+ Receier
Re#eive set
Correlator 1
Correlator 2
Correlator
Sear#her
#orrelator
Cal#ulate the
time dela) and
si'nal stren'th
Com*iner The
#om*ined
si'nal
tt
s6t7 s6t7
RAE re#eiver help to over#ome on the multi9path "adin' and enhan#e the re#eive
per"orman#e o" the s)stem
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%tructure o" RA@+ Receier
@
@ I
Com*iner
I
Mat#hed
Filter
!hase
Rotator
Channel
estimator
Dela)
E(ualiBer
I
!ath 1
!ath 2
!ath
Input si'nal
Correlator
Code
'enerators
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Adantages o" CDMA
RA@+ receier is adopted
The ti!e diersity e""ect generated &y channelcoherence ti!e is e""iciently used.
"re$uency diersity
Wide&and "re$uency spectru!
*igher inter"erence tolerance and security per"or!ance 6ow signal trans!ission power
?reat "le'i&ility in carrying !ultiple serices with largelydi""erent &it rate and o% re$uire!ent.
Di""erent spreading "actor (%#) "or di""erent serices with
di""erent data rates *igh spectral e""iciency
All users can share the sa!e "re$uency spectru!si!ultaneously.
%upporting so"t handoer and so"ter handoer.
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Chapter 1 Radio Transmission EnvironmentChapter 1 Radio Transmission Environment
Chapter 2 CDMA FundamentalChapter 2 CDMA Fundamental
Chapter !er"orman#e Enhan#ement MethodsChapter !er"orman#e Enhan#ement Methods
Chapter $ %CDMA FDD ModeChapter $ %CDMA FDD Mode
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AMC 6Adaptive Modulation Codin'7 *ased on Channel ualit) Feed*a#
Adust data rate to co!pensate channel conditions
?ood channel condition *igher rate
Bad channel condition 6ower rate
Adust the coding rate to co!pensate channel conditions
?ood channel condition >=
Bad channel condition ,>
Adust the !odulation sche!e to co!pensate channel conditions
?ood channel condition ,EAM
Bad channel condition P%@ Channel ualit) Feed*a# 6CI7
/+ !easures the channel $uality (%NR) reports (eery <!s or !ore cycle) to Node-B
Node-B choose !odulation and &locF siGe: data rate pri!arily &ased on C
AMC 6Adaptive Modulation Codin'7 *ased on Channel ualit) Feed*a#
Adust data rate to co!pensate channel conditions
?ood channel condition *igher rate
Bad channel condition 6ower rate
Adust the coding rate to co!pensate channel conditions
?ood channel condition >=
Bad channel condition ,>
Adust the !odulation sche!e to co!pensate channel conditions
?ood channel condition ,EAM
Bad channel condition P%@ Channel ualit) Feed*a# 6CI7
/+ !easures the channel $uality (%NR) reports (eery <!s or !ore cycle) to Node-B
Node-B choose !odulation and &locF siGe: data rate pri!arily &ased on C
*%DPA @ey Techni$ues - AMC
*igh data rate
6ow data rate
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*%DPA @ey Techni$ues - *AR
Conventional AR
Receied Trans!itted &locFs are decoded ChecFed "or CRC errors on decoded &locFs
" errors
Hdiscard the error &olcFs
HRe$uest the tras!itter "orretrans!ission
Conventional AR
Receied Trans!itted &locFs are decoded
ChecFed "or CRC errors on decoded &locFs
" errors
Hdiscard the error &olcFs
HRe$uest the tras!itter "orretrans!ission
)*rid AR
Receied Trans!itted &locFs are decoded ChecFed "or CRC errors on decoded &locFs
" errors
H%tore the erroneous &locF without discarding
HRe$uest the tras!itter "or retrans!ission
HCo!&ine the receied re-tras!ission withpreiously receied trasn!isison
)*rid AR
Receied Trans!itted &locFs are decoded
ChecFed "or CRC errors on decoded &locFs
" errors
H%tore the erroneous &locF without discarding
HRe$uest the tras!itter "or retrans!ission
HCo!&ine the receied re-tras!ission withpreiously receied trasn!isison
*AR with %o"t Co!&ining
NodeB NodeB
UEUE Packe!"#Packe!"# N N
Packe! "Packe! " Packe! "Packe! "
Packe! "Packe! "
Packe!"#Packe!"#
+AA
Packe!$Packe!$
Transmitter
Re#eiver
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*%DPA @ey Techni$ues - #ast scheduling
S#heduler ma) *e *ased on
CDM: TDM Channel condition
A!ount o" data waiting in the $ueue (delay)
#airness (satis"ied users)
Cell throughput: etc
S#heduler ma) *e *ased on
CDM: TDM Channel condition
A!ount o" data waiting in the $ueue (delay)
#airness (satis"ied users)
Cell throughput: etc
%cheduling
deter!ines
which user
shall &e
trans!itted.
%cheduling
deter!ines
which user
shall &e
trans!itted.
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*%DPA @ey Techni$ues CDM and TDM
ChanneliBation #odes allo#ated
"or S9DSC transmission
#odes 6e,ample7SF=1S%&'
User 1 User 2 User User $
TTI
Shared
#hanneliBation
#odes
10 ms
20 ms
$0 ms
0 ms
Earlier releases
2 ms
Rel 5 (HS-DSCH)
Isu&-"ra!esJ (<KE; chips)
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*%DPA @ey Techni$ues ,EAM
*%DPA Modulation
P@%
,EAM
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ntroduction to Diersity Techni$ue
Diersity techni$ue is used to o&tain
uncorrelated signals "or co!&ining
Reduce the e""ects o" "ading
"ast "ading caused &y !ulti-path
%low "ading caused &y shadowing
!proe the relia&ility o" co!!unication
ncrease the coerage and capacity
Macroscopic diersity
%o"t handoer and so"ter handoer
Reduce large-scale "ading
Microscopic diersity
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Microscopic Diersity
Ti!e diersity
RaFe Receier: BlocF interleaing
#re$uency diersity
The user signal is distri&uted on the whole
&andwidth "re$uency spectru!
%pace diersity
Receie diersity
Trans!it diersity
PolariGation diersity
8ertical polariGation
*oriGontal polariGation
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Basic Co!&ining Methods
Ma'i!al-Ratio Co!&iner
The !ulti-path signals are weighted
proportional to their signal %NR and then
su!!ed.
+$ual-?ain Co!&iner
+$ual-gain co!&ining is si!ilar to !a'i!al-
ratio co!&ining: &ut there is no atte!pt to
weight the signal &e"ore addition.
%election Co!&iner
Choose the signal with the highest
instantaneous $uality: so the output $uality is
e$ual to that o" the &est inco!ing signal.
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%!art Antenna
Reduce inter"erence
ncrease coerage and capacity
%anted si'nal
inter"eren#e
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%!art Antenna
;mni antenna Dire#tional antenna Smart antenna
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Chapter 1 Radio Transmission EnvironmentChapter 1 Radio Transmission Environment
Chapter 2 CDMA FundamentalChapter 2 CDMA Fundamental
Chapter !er"orman#e Enhan#ement MethodsChapter !er"orman#e Enhan#ement Methods
Chapter $ %CDMA FDD ModeChapter $ %CDMA FDD Mode
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Characteristics o" WCDMA #DD
Channel &andwidth7 KM*G
Chip rate7 >.4=Mcps
#ra!e length7 ,;!s
8oice coding7 AMR (Adaptie Multi-Rate)
/plinF and downlinF !odulation7 P%@P%@ (RLL)
Coherence de!odulation aided with pilot
#ast closed loop power control7 ,K;;*G
*andoer7 so"thard handoer
%upport synchronous and asynchronous NodeB operation
Co!pati&le with ?%M-MAP core networF
%upport open loop and closed loop trans!it diersity !ode
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