-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
1/80
1
Wireless and Mobile All-IP Networks
Yi-Bing Lin
[email protected]
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
2/80
2
Contents [1/3]
Chapter 1: Short Message Service and IP Network
Integration
Chapter 2: Moility Manage!ent "or #P$S and%M&S
Chapter 3: Session Manage!ent "or Serving
#P$S Su''ort Node
Chapter : Session Manage!ent "or #ateway#P$S Su''ort Node
Chapter !: Serving $adio Network (ontroller
$elocation "or %M&S
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
3/80
)
Contents [2/3]
Chapter ": %M&S and cd!a2*** Moile (oreNetworks
Chapter #: %M&S (harging Protocol Chapter $: Moile +ll-IP
Network Signaling Chapter %: %M&S Security and +vailaility
Issues Chapter 1&: ,oIP "or the Non-+ll-IP Moile
Networks Chapter 11: Multicast "or Moile Multi!edia
Messaging Service Chapter 12: Session Initiation Protocol
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
4/80
Contents [3/3]
Chapter 13: Moile Nu!er Portaility
Chapter 1: Integration and L+N and (ellular
Networks
Chapter 1!: %M&S +ll-IP Network
Chapter 1": Issues on IP Multi!edia (ore
Network Susyste!
Chapter 1#: + Pro/y-ased Moile Service
Plat"or!
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
5/80
0
Chapter 11'hort Messa(e 'er)i*e and IP
Network Inte(ration
S
+,'
+'C IWM'C
'M-'C
'M'
M'C
+,'
+,' +'C M'C
34 24
)4
4
0454
'M 'M' Network Ar*hite*t.re
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
6/80
5
'M'-IP Inte(ration: 'M-'C-based
Moile
Network
Moile
Network
SM-S( #ateway
IP
Network
IP
Network
In !ost co!!ercial i!'le!entations6 SMS and IP networks
are integrated through SM-S(.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
7/80
7
NC,-'M'
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
8/80
8
i'M'
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
9/80
9
Mobilit0 and 'ession Mana(eent
&hree ty'es o" !oility1 radio !oility6 core network
!oility and IP !oility
$adio !oility su''orts hando"" o" a !oile user during
conversation
(ore network !oility 'rovides tunnel-related
!anage!ent "or 'acket re-routing in the core network
due to user !ove!ent
IP !oility allows the !oile user to change the access
'oint o" IP connectivity without losing ongoing sessions.
Session !anage!ent !aintains the routing 'ath "or a
co!!unication session6 and 'rovides 'acket routing
"unctions including IP address assign!ent and :oS setting.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
10/80
3*
Chapter 2:Mobilit0 Mana(eent or
P' and M,'
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
11/80
33
4As5 As5 As5 and Cells
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
12/80
32
Chapter 3:'ession Mana(eent or
'er)in( P' '.pport Node
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
13/80
3)
Chapter :'ession Mana(eent or
atewa0 P' '.pport Node
&he ##SN 'lays the role as a gateway6 which
controls user data sessions and trans"ers the data
'ackets etween the %M&S network and thee/ternal P;N.
&he !eta "unctions i!'le!ented in the ##SN are
descried as "ollows1 network access control6
'acket routing and trans"er6 and !oility
!anage!ent.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
14/80
3
A**ess Point Nae 6APN7
/,AN
637 I'P
--'N
A8I/'
ser)er
89CP
ser)er
:W
NA,
617 IN,;N;,
627 WAP
67 C
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
15/80
30
IP Address Allo*ation
+PN lael IN&>$N>& +P ISP (?MP+NY
+ccess!ode
&rans'arent &rans'arent Non-
trans'arent
Non-
trans'arent
IP addressallocation
##SN
;
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
16/80
35
Serving RNC
Drift
RNC Serving RNC
Chapter !:'er)in( adio Network
Controller elo*ation or M,'
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
17/80
37
4ossless 'NC elo*ation
In )#PP &S 2).*5*6 a lossless S$N( relocation 'rocedure
was'ro'osed "or non-real-ti!e data services.
3. &he source $N( "irst sto's trans!itting downlink 'ackets
tothe %>6 and then "orwards the ne/t 'ackets to the target
$N( via a #&P tunnel etween the two $N(s.2. &he target
$N( stores all IP 'ackets "orwarded "ro! the
source $N(.
). +"ter taking over the S$N( role6 the target $N( restarts
the
downlink data trans!ission to the %>. No 'acket is lost
during the S$N( switching 'eriod. $eal-ti!e data trans!ission is
not su''orted ecause the IP
data tra""ic will e sus'ended "or a long ti!e during
S$N(switching.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
18/80
38
ast 'NC elo*ation > 'ta(e I
Stage I the sa!e as Stage I in S;4 initiatesS$N( relocation.
&he IP 'ackets are delivered through the old'ath1 %>Node
B2target $N(
source $N(S#SN3##SN Ste's 3 and 21 Source $N( initiates S$N(
relocation y sending $elocationA $euiredtoS#SN3.
Ste' )1 S#SN3 sends =orwardA$elocationA$euestto reuest S#SN2 to
allocate the
resources "or the %>. Ste' 1 S#SN2 send
$elocationA$euestwith
$+B 'ara!eters to the target $N(. +"ter allnecessary resources
are allocated6 the target$N( send $elocationA$euestA +cknowledgeto
S#SN2.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
19/80
39
ast 'NC elo*ation > 'ta(e II
##SN routes the downlink 'ackets to the old'ath receiving
%'dateAP;PA(onte/tA $euest.
+"ter ##SN has received the !essage6 thedownlink 'ackets are
routed to the new 'ath##SNS#SN2target $N(.
&he CnewD 'ackets arriving at the target $N(are u""ered
until the target $N( takes over theS$N( role.
Ste' 01 S#SN2 sends %'dateAP;PA(onte/tA$euest to ##SN. ##SN
u'dates the
corres'onding P;P conte/t6 and the downlink'acket routing 'ath
is switched "ro! the old'ath to the new 'ath.
Ste's 5-71 S#SN2 in"or!s S#SN3 that allresources "or the %>
are allocated. S#SN3"orwards this in"or!ation to the source
$N(.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
20/80
2*
ast 'NC elo*ation > 'ta(e III
&he Iur link i.e.6 the old 'ath4 disconnected.&he ColdD
downlink 'ackets arriving at thesource $N( later than Ste'
7$elocationA(o!!and4 are dro''ed.
&he S$N( role is switched "ro! the source$N( to the target
$N(.
Ste' 81 &he source $N( trans"ers S$NSconte/t e.g.6 :oS
'ro"ile4 to the target $N(.
Ste's 9 and 3*1 &he target $N( in"or!s
S#SN2 that the target $N( will eco!e theS$N(. +t the sa!e ti!e6
the target $N(triggers the %> to send the u'link IP 'acketsto
the target $N(.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
21/80
23
ast 'NC elo*ation > 'ta(e I?
&he target $N( in"or!s the source$N( that S$N( relocation
issuccess"ully 'er"or!ed. &hen the
source $N( releases the resources "orthe %>. Ste' 331 &he
target $N( indicates the
co!'letion o" the relocation'rocedure to S#SN26 and S#SN2
"orwards this in"or!ation to S#SN3. Ste' 321 S#SN3 reuests the
source
$N( to release the resources allocated"or the old 'ath.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
22/80
22
Chapter ":M,' and *da2&&& Mobile
Core Networks
%M&S and cd!a2*** are two !aEor standards"or )# !oile
teleco!!unication.
&wo i!'ortant "unctionalities o" !oile corenetwork are
!oility !anage!ent and session!anage!ent.
&his cha'ter descries these two
"unctionalities "or %M&S and cd!a2***6 andco!'are the design
guidelines "or these two)# technologies.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
23/80
2)
*da2&&& Ar*hite*t.re
+,'
+,'
adio Network
94M'C/?4
P8'N
M'
M'
P',N
P8N
+++1 +uthentication6 +uthoriFation and +ccounting
BS(1 Base Station (ontroller B&S1 Basestation
&ransceiver Syste!
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
24/80
2
*da2&&& C' 8oain
BS( connects to the core network through the
S;%.
&he S;% distriutes the circuit switched tra""ic
e.g.6 voice4 to the MS(.
+3 inter"ace su''orts call control and !oility
!anage!ent etween MS( and BS(.
+2 and +0 inter"aces su''ort user tra""ic andcircuit switched
data tra""ic etween MS( and
BS(.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
25/80
20
*da2&&& P' 8oain
&he S;% distriutes the 'acket switched tra""ic to P(=
and
then to the P;SN.
Inter"aces +8 and +9 su''ort 'acket switched data and
signaling etween P(= and S;%6 res'ectively. Inter"aces +3* and
+33 $-P inter"ace4 su''ort 'acket switched
data and signaling etween P(= and P;SN.
#$> tunnel is used "or data routing in +3* with standard
IP
:oS. MIP is used "or signaling routing in +33.
&he $-P inter"ace also su''orts P(= hando"" inter or
intra
P;SN4.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
26/80
25
P8'N
Maintaining link-layer sessions to the MSs
Su''orting 'acket co!'ression and 'acket "iltering e"ore the
'ackets are delivered through the air inter"ace
Providing IP "unctionality to the !oile network6 which routesIP
datagra!s to the P;N with di""erentiated service su''ort
Interacting with +++ to 'rovide IP authentication6
authoriFation and accounting su''ort
+cting a MIP =+ in the !oile network &he inter"aces a!ong
the P;N nodes i.e.6 P;SN6
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
27/80
27
*da2&&& Control Plane
IP
PPP
4AC
MAC
41
4AC
MAC
41 P4 P4
4ink
4a0er
P4
IP
PPP
P4
IP /IP'e*
4ink
4a0er
M' N P8'N 9A
8P
MIP
IP/IP'e*
8P
I@;MIP MIPI@;
8P
-P -P
I@;: Internet @e0 ;*han(e IP: Internet Proto*ol
IP'e*: IP 'e*.rit0 9A: 9oe A(ent
4AC: 4ink A**ess Control MAC: Medi. A**ess Control
MIP: Mobile IP M': Mobile 'tation
P8'N: Pa*ket 8ata 'er)in( Node PPP: Point to Point Proto*ol
P4: Ph0si*al 4a0er N: adio Network
-P: N-P8'N Intera*e 8P: ser 8ata(ra Proto*ol
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
28/80
28
M,' Control Plane
MM/'M/'M'
C
4C
MAC
41
4C
MAC
41A,M
,AN ''N 'N
C ANAP
AA4!41
'CCP
'i(nalin(+earer
MM/'M/'M'
8P/IP
42
M'
A,M
ANAP
AA4!
'CCP
'i(nalin(+earer
,P-C
41
42
,P-C
8P/IP
A,M: As0n*hrono.s ,raner Mode'N: atewa0 P' '.pport Node
M': Mobile 'tation
4C: adio 4ink Control
''N: 'er)in( P' '.pport Node
MM/'M/'M': P' Mobilit0 Mana(eent/'ession Mana(ent/'hort Messa(e
'er)i*e
,P-C: P' ,.nnelin( Proto*ol - Control Plane
,AN: M,' ,errestrial adio A**ess Network
AA4!: A,M Adaptation 4a0er ,0pe !MAC: Medi. A**ess Control
ANAP: adio A**ess Network Appli*ation Proto*ol
C: adio eso.r*e Control
'CCP: 'i(nalin( Conne*tion Control Part
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
29/80
29
*da2&&& ser Plane
IP
PPP
4AC
MAC
P4 P4
4ink4a0er
PPP
4ink4a0er
P4
IP
4ink4a0er
M' N P8'N 9A
P441
4AC
MAC
41
-P
P4
-P
IP/
IP'e*
IP
IP/
IP'e*
IP: Internet Proto*ol IP'e*: IP 'e*.rit09A: 9oe A(ent 4AC: 4ink
A**ess Control
MAC: Medi. A**ess Control M': Mobile 'tation
P8'N: Pa*ket 8ata 'er)in( Node PPP: Point to Point Proto*ol
P4: Ph0si*al 4a0er N: adio Network
-P: N-P8'N Intera*e 8P: ser 8ata(ra Proto*ol
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
30/80
)*
M,' ser Plane
IP5
PPP
P8CP
4C
MAC
41
4C
MAC
41 A,M 41
IP5
PPP
M' ,AN ''N 'N
P8CP ,P-
8P/IP 8P/IP
42AA4! AA4!
,P-
8P/IP
42
A,M 41
,P-
8P/IP
,P-
A,M: As0n*hrono.s ,raner Mode
'N: atewa0 P' '.pport Node
IP: Internet Proto*ol
M': Mobile 'tation
PPP: Point to Point Proto*ol
''N: 'er)in( P' '.pport Node
,AN: M,' ,errestrial adio A**ess Network
AA4!: A,M Adaptation 4a0er ,0pe !
,P-: P' ,.nnelin( Proto*ol - ser Plane
MAC: Medi. A**ess Control
P8CP: Pa*ket 8ata Con)er(en*e Proto*ol
4C: adio 4ink Control
8P: ser 8ata(raProto*ol
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
31/80
)3
Proto*ol 'ta*ks [1/2]
&he control 'lane carries out tasks "or MMSMSMS.
In cd!a2***6 the !oility and session tasks are ased on the
sa!e lower layer 'rotocol IP ased 'rotocols4 "or user data
trans'ortation.
In %M&S6 the lower layer 'rotocols su''orting MMSM tasks
in the control 'lane are di""erent "ro! the lower layer
'rotocols
in the user 'lane.
&he signaling 'ath etween MS and S#SN consists o" an
$$( connection etween MS and %&$+N6 and an Iuconnection
etween %&$+N and S#SN.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
32/80
)2
Proto*ol 'ta*ks [2/2]
In %M&S6 the PS do!ain services are su''orted y P;(P in
the
user 'lane.
P;(P contains co!'ression !ethods6 which 'rovide etter
s'ectral e""iciency "or IP 'ackets trans!ission over the radio.
In cd!a2***6 the header and 'ayload co!'ression !echanis! is
'rovided y PPP etween MS and P;SN.
Both %M&S $L( and cd!a2*** L+( 'rovide seg!entation and
retrans!ission services "or user and control data. cd!a2*** L+(
su''orts authentication "unctionality "or
wireless access6 which is euivalent to #P$S trans'ort layer
authentication in %M&S.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
33/80
))
PPP
In oth control and user 'lanes "or cd!a2***6 PPP is carriedover
the L+(M+(6 and $-P tunnels are utiliFed to estalishthe connection
etween an MS and the P;SN.
In cd!a2***6 a PPP connection is euivalent to a 'acket data
session6 which is co!'arale to the %M&S P;P conte/t. In the
%M&S control 'lane6 no PPPIP connection is estalished
etween MS and S#SN. Signaling is carried over the $$( andIu
connections.
%M&S user 'lane 'rovides two alternatives "or IP services.
IP is su''orted y non-PPP lower layer 'rotocols. IP is su''orted y
PPP.
;ial-u' a''lication
Moile IP is introduced to %M&S
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
34/80
)
Chapter #:M,' Char(in( Proto*ol
&he #&PG 'rotocol is used "or co!!unications etween a
#SN and a (#6
which can e i!'le!ented over %;PIP or &(PIP.
+ove the #&PG 'rotocol6 a Charging Agentor CDR sender4
is
i!'le!ented in the #SN and a Charging Serveris i!'le!ented in
the (#.
Node +
Node +
NC
NC
,AN
94
''N 'N
Core Network
M'
M'
(# 1 (harging #ateway %&$+N 1 %M&S &errestrial $adio
+ccess Network
##SN 1 #ateway #P$S Su''ort Node $N( 1 $adio Network
(ontroller
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
35/80
)0
,he ,PB 'er)i*e Model
?ur #&PG service !odel "ollows the #SM Moile+''lication Part
M+P4 service !odel.
+ #SN co!!unicates with a (# through a dialogyinvoking
#&PGservice primitives.
+ service 'ri!itive can e one o" "our ty'es1 $euest $>:4
Indication IN;4 $es'onse $SP4 (on"ir! (N=4
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
36/80
)5
,PB Conne*tion 'et.p
Be"ore a #SN can send (;$s to a (#6 a #&PG connection
!ust e estalished etween the charging agent in the
#SN and the charging server in the (#.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
37/80
)7
,PB C8 ,ranser
&he charging agent is res'onsile "or (;$ generation in a
#SN. &he
(;$s are encoded using6 "or e/a!'le6 the +SN.3 "or!at de"ined
in
)#PP )2.230. &he charging server is res'onsile "or decoding
the
(;$s and returns the 'rocessing results to the #SN.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
38/80
)8
,PB ail.re 8ete*tion
In a #SN6 an entry in the (# list re'resents a #&PH
connection to a (#. &he CG Addressattriute identi"ies the (#
connected to the #SN. &he Statusattriute indicates i" the
connection is CactiveD or CinactiveD. &he Charging Packet Ack
Wait TimeTris the !a/i!u! ela'sed ti!e the #SN is
allowed to wait "or the acknowledge!ent o" a charging 'acket.
&heMaximum um!er o" Charging Packet Tries# is the nu!er o"
atte!'ts
including the "irst atte!'t and the retries4 the #SN is allowed
to send a charging'acket.
&heMaximum um!er o" $nsuccess"ul Deliveries%is the !a/i!u!
nu!er o"consecutive "ailed deliveries that are atte!'ted e"ore the
#SN considers a connection"ailure occurs.
&he $nsuccess"ul Deliver& Counter%attriute records the
nu!er o" the consecutive"ailed delivery atte!'ts.
&he $nackno'ledged (u""erstores a co'y o" each #&PH
!essage that has een sent tothe (# ut has not een acknowledged. +
record in the unacknowledged u""er consists o" an )xpir&
Timestampte6 the Charging
Packet Tr& Counter#and an unacknowledged #&PH
!essage.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
39/80
)9
Path ail.re 8ete*tion Al(orith
'tep 1 +"ter the connection setu' 'rocedure is co!'lete6
oth#and%
are set to *6 and the Statusis set to CactiveD. +t this 'oint6
the #SN can
send #&PG !essages to the (#.'tep 2hen a #&PG !essage is
sent "ro! the #SN to the (# at ti!e t 6 a
co'y o" the !essage is stored in the unacknowledged u""er6 where
thee/'iry ti!esta!' is set to tet JTr.
'tep 3. I" the #SN has received the acknowledge!ent "ro! the (#
e"ore
te6 oth#and%are set to *.
'tep I" the #SN has not received the acknowledge!ent "ro! the
(#
e"ore te 6#is incre!ented y 3. I"##6 then the charging
'acket
delivery is considered "ailed.%is incre!ented y 3.
'tep ! I"%%6 then the #&PG connection is considered "ailed.
&he
Statusis set to CinactiveD.
&he Path =ailure ;etection +lgorith! P=;+4 detects
'ath"ailure etween the #SN and the (#. P=;+ worksas
"ollows1
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
40/80
*
Chapter $:Mobile All-IP Network
'i(nalin(
&raditional SS7 signaling is i!'le!ented in
M&P-asednetwork6 which is utiliFed in the e/isting !oile
networksincluding #SM and #P$S.
In %M&S all-IP architecture6 the SS7 signaling will ecarried
y IP-ased network. &he low costs and the e""iciencies "or
carriers to !aintain a
single6 uni"ied teleco!!unications network6 guarantee thatall
tele'hony services will eventually e delivered over IP.
&his cha'ter descries design and i!'le!entation o" the
IP-ased network signaling "or !oile all-IP network.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
41/80
3
''# Ar*hite*t.re
',P pair ',P pair
'CP
',P pair
A-link
+-link
C-link
8-link
;-link
-link''P ''P
A-linkA-link
,r.nk
N;,W
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
42/80
2
A**ess 4inks 6A-links7connect the SSPS&P or the
S(PS&P
'airs.
+rid(e 4inks 6+-links7connect S&Ps in di""erent 'airs.
Cross 4inks 6C-links7connect !ated S&Ps in a 'air. 8ia(onal
4inks 68-links7are the sa!e as the B-links e/ce't
that the connected S&Ps elong to di""erent SS7 networks.
;tended 4inks 6;-links7'rovide e/tra connectivity
etween an SSP and the S&Ps other than its ho!e S&P.
.ll0-Asso*iated 4inks 6-links7connect SSPs directly.
''# 4ink ,0pes
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
43/80
)
''# Proto*ol 'ta*k
M&P3
M&P2
M&P)
S((P
M+P
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
44/80
Messa(e ,ranser Part 6M,P7consists o" three levels
corres'onding to the ?SI 'hysical layer6 data link layer6
and
network layer6 res'ectively.
&he M,P le)el 1 6M,P17de"ines the 'hysical6 electrical6 and
"unctionalcharacteristics o" the signaling links connecting SS7
co!'onents.
&he M,P le)el 2 6M,P27'rovides reliale trans"er o" signaling
!essages
etween two directly connected signaling 'oints.
&he M,P le)el 3 6M,P37'rovides the "unctions and 'rocedures
related to
!essage routing and network !anage!ent.
'i(nalin( Conne*tion Control Part 6'CCP7'rovides additional
"unctions such as #loal &itle &ranslation #&&4
to the M&P.
''# Proto*ol 'ta*k: M,P D 'CCP
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
45/80
0
Inte(rated 'er)i*es 8i(ital Network ser Part 6I'P7estalishes
circuit-switched network connections e.g.6 "or callsetu'4.
,ransa*tion Capabilities Appli*ation Part 6,CAP7'rovidesthe
ca'aility to e/change in"or!ation etween a''licationsusing
non-circuit-related signaling.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
46/80
5
I>&= Signaling &rans'ort SI#&$+N4 working grou'
addresses
the issues regarding the trans'ort o" 'acket-ased SS7
signaling
over IP networks.
SI#&$+N de"ines not only the architecture ut also a suite
o"
'rotocols6 including the S(&P and a set o" user ada'tation
layers
e.g. M)%+46 which 'rovides the sa!e services o" the lower
layers o" the traditional SS7.
hy not &(P K &(P 'rovides strict order-o"-trans!ission
which causes head-o"-line
locking 'role!.
&he &(P socket does not su''ort !ulti-ho!ing.
&(P is vulnerale to lind ;enial-o"-Service ;oS4 attacks such
as
"looding SYN attacks.
'trea Control ,ransission
Proto*ol 6'C,P7
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
47/80
7
Like &(P &o 'rovide reliale IP connection.
&o e!'loy &(P-"riendly congestion control including
slow-start6
congestion avoidance6 and "ast retrans!it4
%nlike &(P &o 'rovide !essage-oriented data delivery
service and new delivery
o'tions ordered or unordered4
&o 'rovide selective acknowledg!ents "or 'acket loss
recovery
&o use a "our-way handshake 'rocedure to estalish an
association i.e.6 aconnection4.
&o o""er new "eatures that are 'articularly "or SS7
signaling Multi-ho!ing
Multi-strea!ing
'C,P eat.res
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
48/80
8
Chapter 11:M.lti*ast or Mobile
M.ltiedia Messa(in( 'er)i*e
Short Message Service SMS4 allows !oile suscriers tosend and
receive si!'le te/t !essage in 2# syste!s e.g.#SM4.
Multi!edia Message Service MMS4 is introduced todeliver !essages
o" siFes ranging "ro! )* ytes to 3**ytes in 2.0# syste!s e.g. #P$S4
and )# syste!s e.g.%M&S4
&he content o" an MMS can e te/t Eust like SMS46
gra'hics e.g.6 gra'hs6 tales6 charts6 diagra!s6 !a's6sketches6
'lans and layouts46 audio sa!'les e.g.6 MP)"iles46 i!ages e.g.6
'hotos46 video e.g.6 )*-second videocli's46 and so on.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
49/80
9
MM' Ar*hite*t.re [1/2]
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
50/80
0*
MM' Ar*hite*t.re [2/2]
&heMMS user agent a4resides in a Moile Station MS4 or an
e/ternal deviceconnected to the MS6 which has an a''lication layer
"unction to receive theMMS.
&he MMS can e 'rovided y the MMS value added service
a''lications 4connected to the !oile networks or y the e/ternal
servers d4e.g.6 e!ailserver6 "a/ server4 in the IP network.
&he MMS server c4stores and 'rocesses inco!ing and outgoing
!ulti!edia!essages.
&he MMS relay e4trans"ers !essages etween di""erent
!essaging syste!s6and ada'ts !essages to the ca'ailities o" the
receiving devices. It alsogenerates charging data "or the illing
'ur'ose. &he MMS server and the relaycan e se'arated or
co!ined.
&he MMS user dataase "4contains user suscrier data and
con"igurationin"or!ation.
&he !oile network g4can e a +P ireless +''lication Protocol4
ased2#6 2.0# or )# syste!. (onnectivity etween di""erent !oile
networks is
'rovided y the Internet 'rotocol.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
51/80
03
'hort Messa(e M.lti*ast Ar*hite*t.re
,L$3 3,L$2 2
,L$) *
MCH (HLR)
L+3 *
L+2 3
MCV (VLR1)
L+) *
L+ 2
MCV (VLR2)
L+0 *
L+5 *
MCV (VLR3)
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
52/80
02
MM' M.lti*ast [1/2]
$+3 *
$+2 3
$+) *
$+ 2
$+0 *
$+5 *
MCc (CBC)
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
53/80
0)
MM' M.lti*ast [2/2]
Ste' 3. &he !ulti!edia !essage is "irst delivered "ro! the
!essage senderto the (ell Broadcast >ntity (B>4.
Ste' 2. &he (B> "orwards the !essage to the (ell
Broadcast (enter(B(4.
Ste' ). &he (B( searches the !ulticast tale M((to identi"y
the routing
areas $+iwhere the !ulticast !e!ers currently reside i.e.6
M(($+i O
* in the (B(4. In =igure 3.76 i 2 and . Ste' . &he (B( sends
the !ulticast !essage to the destination $N(s i.e.6
$N(3 and $N(2 in =igure 3.74 through the Write
Replace!essagede"ined in )#PP &S 2).*3.
Ste' 0. &he $N(s deliver the !ulti!edia !essages to the
!ulticast
!e!ers in the $+s "ollowing the standard %M&S cell
roadcast'rocedure. Like SMS !ulticast6 a !ulticast tale M((is
i!'le!ented in the (B( to
!aintain the identities o" the $+s and the nu!ers o" the
!ulticast!e!ers in these $+s.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
54/80
0
Chapter 12:'ession Initiation Proto*ol
SIP is an a''lication-layer signaling 'rotocol over the
IPnetwork.
SIP is designed "or creating6 !odi"ying and ter!inating
!ulti!edia sessions or calls. SIP !essage s'eci"ies the
$eal-&i!e &rans'ort Protocol
$eal-&i!e &rans'ort (ontrol Protocol$&P$&(P4
thatdeliver the data in the !ulti!edia sessions. $&P is a
trans'ort 'rotocol on to' o" %;P6 which detects 'acket
loss and ensures ordered delivery. + $&P 'acket also
indicates the 'acket sa!'ling ti!e "ro! the
source !edia strea!. &he destination a''lication can use
thisti!esta!' to calculate delay and Eitter.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
55/80
00
Network ;leents: ser A(ent
&he user agent resides at SIP end'oints or 'hones4. + user
agentcontains oth a %ser +gent (lient%+(4 and a %ser +gent
Server%+S4. &he %+( or calling user agent4 is res'onsile "or
issuing SIP reuests &he %+S or called user agent4 receives the
SIP reuest and res'onds to
the reuest.
a4 SIP %+ ;evelo'ed in the National (hiao
&ung %niversity4 indows Messenger .7-ased SIP
%+ with 'hone nu!er *9*230**4
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
56/80
05
Network ;leents: Network 'er)ers
$egistrar1 + %+ can 'eriodically register its SIP %$I and
contact in"or!ation which includes the IP address and the
trans'ort 'ort acce'ting the SIP !essages4 to the registrar.
Pro/y Server1 + 'ro/y server 'rocesses the SIP reuests.
&he 'ro/y server either handles the reuest or "orwards
it
to other servers6 'erha's a"ter 'er"or!ing so!e translation.
$edirect Server1 + redirect server acce'ts the IN,I&>
reuests "ro! a %+(6 and returns a new address to that%+(.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
57/80
07
'IP e(istration and Call 'et.p
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
58/80
08
Chapter 13:Mobile N.ber Portabilit0
Nu!er Portaility NP4 is a network "unction that allows
a suscrier to kee' a uniue tele'hone nu!er.
NP is an i!'ortant !echanis! to enhance "air co!'etition a!ong
teleco!!unication o'erators
and
to i!'rove custo!er service uality.
&hree ty'es o" NP are discussed1
location 'ortaility6 service 'ortaility6 and
o'erator 'ortaility.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
59/80
09
,erinolo(ies
Nu!er range holder N$
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
60/80
5*
M8N )s MIN
+n MS is associated with two nu!er. Moile directory nu!er M;N4
is dialed to reach the
MS e.g.6 MSIS;N in #SM4.
Moile identi"ication nu!er MIN4 is a con"idential
nu!er that uniuely identi"ies an MS in MoileNetwork e.g.6 IMSI
in #SM4.
hen !oile nu!er 'ortaility is introduced6 a
'orting !oile user would kee' the MSIS;N the
'orted nu!er4 while eing issued a new IMSI in
#SM.
'i lii d 'M C ll , i ti
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
61/80
53
'ipliied 'M Call ,erination
Pro*ed.re witho.t NP
Ste' 31 +"ter calling 'arty dials the MSIS;N o" MS26 the call
route
to the #MS( o" MS2.
Ste' 21 #MS( uery
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
62/80
52
Call o.tin( Me*hanis with NP
In )#PP &S 2).*556 two a''roaches are 'ro'osed
to su''ort nu!er 'ortaility call routing1 Signaling $elay
=unction S$=4-ased solution6 and
Intelligent Network IN4-ased solution.
Both a''roaches utiliFe the Nu!er Portaility
;ataase NP;B4 that stores the recodes "or the
'orted nu!ers.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
63/80
5)
'-based Approa*h
&he S$= node is ty'ically i!'le!ented on the
Signal &rans"er Point S&P4.
&hree call setu' scenarios have een 'ro'osed "or
S$=-ased a''roach1 direct routing ;$4 andindirect routing
I$4.
;$1 &he !oile nu!er 'ortaility uery is
'er"or!ed in the originating network.
I$1 &he !oile nu!er 'ortaility uery is
'er"or!ed in the N$
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
64/80
5
8 Call 'et.p '*enario 1
'tep 1:+"ter calling 'arty dials the MSIS;N o" MS26 the call is
routed to the #MS( o" theoriginating network.
'tep 2:&he #MS( ueries S$= "or the suscri'tion network
in"or!ation o" MS2.
'tep 3:By consulting the NP;B6 the S$= otains the suscri'tion
network in"or!ation6
and "orwards it to the originating #MS(.
'tep :&he originating #MS( routes the call to the
suscri'tion #MS( i.e.6 #MS( o"MS24. &he call is then set u'
"ollowing the standard #SM 'rocedure.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
65/80
50
8 Call 'et.p '*enario 2
'tep 1:+"ter calling 'arty dials the MSIS;N o" MS26 the call is
routed to the #MS( o" the originating network.
'tep 2:&he #MS( ueries S$= "or the suscri'tion network
in"or!ation o" MS2.
'tep 3:By consulting the NP;B6 the S$= otains the suscri'tion
network in"or!ation. I" the originating network is
the suscri'tion network o" MS26 then S$= "orward !essage to
uery
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
66/80
55
Chapter 1:Inte(ration and W4AN and
Cell.lar Networks
Service as'ects +ccess control as'ects Security as'ects $oa!ing
as'ects
&er!inal as'ects Na!ing and address
as'ects (harging and illing
as'ects
UMTS: Universal Mobile telecommunication System HLR: Home
Location Register
UTRAN: UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network PN: Packet ata
Network
RN!: Radio Network !ontroller "#SN: "LAN$based #PRS Su%%ort
Node
S#SN: Serving #PRS Su%%ort Node AP: Access
##SN: #ateway #PRS Su%%ort Node MS: Mobile Station
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
67/80
57
W4AN/Cell.lar Inte(ration '*enarios
Service (a'ailities Scenario 3 2 ) 0 5
(o!!on Billing
(o!!on (usto!er (are
(ellular-ased +ccess (ontrol
(ellular-ased +ccess (harging
+ccess to Moile PS Services
Service (ontinuity Sea!less Service (ontinuity
+ccess to Moile (S Service with Sea!less Moility
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
68/80
58
,he M' Ar*hite*t.re
Retrieve t&e S'M in(ormation)
Per(orm MS Attac& and detac&
%rocedure)
*T&e aut&entication action is
included in t&e attac& %rocedure)+
Set u% network !on(iguration)
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
69/80
59
,he W'N Node Ar*hite*t.re
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
70/80
7*
Chapter 1!:M,' All-IP Network
Moile syste! history
&he advantages o" evolution "ro! %M&S $99 to all-IP
network Moile network will ene"it "ro! all e/isting Internet
a''lications.
&he teleco!!unications o'erators will de'loy a co!!and
ackone "or
all ty'e o" access6 and thus to reduce ca'ital and o'erating
cost.
New a''lications will e develo'ed in an all-IP environ!ent6
whichguarantees o'ti!al synergy etween the !oile network and
Internet.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
71/80
73
All-IP Ar*hite*t.re
?'tion 3 Su''ort PS-do!ain !ulti!edia and data service.
?'tion 2 >/tend o'tion 3 network y acco!!odating (S-
do!ain voice service over a 'acket switched core
network.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
72/80
72
All-IP Ar*hite*t.re 6option 17
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
73/80
7)
All-IP Ar*hite*t.re 6option 17
$adio Network (an e #>$+N or %&$+N.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
74/80
7
Call 'ession Control .n*tion 6C'C7
=unction (o!!unicate with
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
75/80
70
C'C 6*ont7
Serving Pro"ile ;ataase Interact with
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
76/80
75
9''5 +C5 and MC
*ome Su!scri!er Server +*SS, ee' a list o" "eatures and services
associated with users6 and
!aintain the location o" the users.
Provide the
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
77/80
77
,-'W5 M5 and MW
Transport Signaling Gate'a& -unction +TSGW, Ma' call related
signing "ro!to the PS&N on an IP earer and
send it to"ro! the M#(=.
Media Resource -unction +MR-,
Per"or! !ulti'arty call6 !ulti!edia con"erence6 tones and
announce!ents"unctionalities.
Media Gate'a& +MGW, Provide user 'lane data trans'ort
etween
%M&S core network and PS&N.
Interact with M#(= "or resource
control.
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
78/80
78
All-IP Ar*hite*t.re 6option 27
&wo control ele!ents are introduced1 MS( server and #MS(
server. Su''ort Media #ateway (ontrol Protocol M#(P4 or
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
79/80
79
Appli*ation 4e)el e(istration
'tep 1%> sends SIP $>#IS&>$ to
P-(S(=.'tep 2P-(S(= 'er"or!s address
translation o" %>Gs ho!e do!ain
na!e to "ind I-(S(= address.
'tep 3I-(S(= deter!ines the Gs
suscrier data "ro!
-
7/17/2019 00.Overview
80/80
A.thor +io(raph0
Yi-Bing Lin is (hair Pro"essor o" (ollege o" (o!'uter
Science6 National (hiao &ung %niversity.
>> =ellow6 +(M =ellow6 +++S =ellow6
