008.02 Lecture 1 Basic Overview of Restorative Dentistry Concepts

Overall Classification:UNCLASSIFIED//REL TO NATO/ISAF

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL CAVITIES, PREPARATIONS AND

RESTORATIONS

know the 6 classifications of lesions, preparations and restorations

identify the different

parts of a cavity preparation (walls, line angles and point angles)

Objectives

AFAMS Dental Advisor Team

Class 2: involves proximal

surfaces of posterior teeth.

Class 3: involves the proximal

surfaces of anterior teeth but not the incisal angles.

CLASSIFICATION OF DENTAL CAVITIES


Class 4: involves the proximal

surfaces of anterior teeth and the incisal angles.



Class 5: involves the gingival third

of all teeth (excluding pits or fissures).

Root caries are designated as Class 5 lesions. These lesions are frequently seen in the elderly where gum recession has occurred.



Class 6: involves only incisal

edges and cusp tips.



A cavity preparation is termed simple if only one surface is involved, compound if two surfaces are involved and complex if a preparation involves three or more surfaces

CAVITY PREPARATION TERMINOLOGY


The involved surfaces of the cavity, cavity preparation and restoration are designated by a combination of the letters representing each involved surface: F – facial D – distalI – incisal L –lingualB – buccal M –mesialO – occlusalV – vestibular (has replaced the terms facial and buccal)



For example:◦ interproximal decay

involving the mesial and facial surfaces of tooth 11 would be classified as a Class 3 MF or MV.

◦ A restoration involving the mesial, occlusal and distal surfaces of tooth 36 would be classified as a Class 2 MOD.



An internal wall is a cavity preparation surface that does not extend to the external tooth surface. There are 2 internal walls. An axial wall is a vertical internal wall overlying the pulp chamber and parallel with the long axis of the tooth.

A pulpal wall is a horizontal internal wall occlusal to the pulp chamber and perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth.



An external wall is a cavity preparation surface that extends to the external tooth surface. Such a wall takes the name of the tooth surface that the wall is toward. See next diagram. There are 6 external walls.



Illustration indicating external and internal walls.

A cavity preparation wall which is reasonably flat and perpendicular to the forces of occlusion that are generally parallel to the long axis of the tooth can be called floors or seats. ◦ Examples are the pulpal and

gingival floors. Such floors are

purposefully prepared to provide stabilizing seats for the restoration, distributing the stresses in the tooth-restoration unit.



The enamel wall is the portion of a prepared external wall consisting of enamel.

The dentinal wall is the portion of a prepared external wall consisting of dentin.



The enamel wall is the portion of a prepared external wall consisting of enamel.

The dentinal wall is the portion of a prepared external wall consisting of dentin.



The cavosurface angle is the angle formed by the cavity preparation and the external surface of the tooth. The actual junction of the angle is referred to as the cavosurface margin.





Cavity preparations showing cavosurface angles (cs); axial wall (a); pulpal wall (p); enamel wall (e);dentinal wall (d); cavosurface margin (m); dentinoenamel junction (j).

The junction of two or more cavity preparation surfaces is referred to as an angle.

A line angle is the junction of two cavity preparation surfaces.◦ An example would be a

lingual-pulpal line angle (lp).

A point angle is the junction of three surfaces.◦ An example would be an

axial-lingual-gingival point angle (alg).





Typical Class 1 cavity preparation for dental amalgam on a maxillary premolar

Schematic representation illustrating cavity preparation walls:distal (d) facial (f) lingual (l) mesial (m) pulpal (p)

Schematic representation illustrating cavity preparation line angles and point angles.Line angles are:distal-facial (df) distal-pulpal (dp)distal-lingual (dl) facial-pulpal (fp) lingual-pulpal (lp) mesial-lingual (ml) mesial-pulpal (mp) mesial-facial (mf)

Point angles are:distal-facial-pulpal (dfp) distal-lingual-pulpal (dlp) mesial-lingual-pulpal (mlp) mesial-facial-pulpal (mfp)



Typical Class 2 mesial occlusal cavity preparation for dental amalgam on a maxillary premolar

Schematic representation illustrating cavity preparation walls:axial (a)distal (d)facial of proximal and occlusal portions (f) gingival (g)lingual of proximal and occlusal portions (l) pulpal (p)

Schematic representation illustrating cavity preparation line angles and point angles.Line angles are:axial-facial (af) axial-gingival (ag) axial-lingual (al) axial-pulpal (ap) distal-facial (df) distal-pulpal (dp) distal-lingual (dl) facial-gingival (fg) facial-pulpal (fp) lingual-gingival (lg) lingual-pulpal (lp)Point angles are:axial-facial-gingival (afg) axial-facial-pulpal (afp) axial-lingual gingival (alg) axial-lingual-pulpal (alp) distal-facial-pulpal (dfp) distal-lingual-pulpal (dlp)



Class 3 facial approach cavity preparation for composite resin on a maxillary central incisor

Schematic representation illustrating cavity preparation walls:axial (a) facial (f) gingival (g) lingual (l)

Schematic representation illustrating cavity preparation line angles and point angles.Line angles are:axial-facial (af) axial-gingival (ag) axial-lingual (al) facial-gingival (fg) facial-lingual (fl) lingual-gingival (lg)Point angles are:axial-facial-gingival (afg) axial-lingual gingival (alg) axial-facial-lingual (afl)



Class 5 cavity preparation Schematic representation illustrating cavity preparation walls:axial (a) distal (d) gingival (g)incisal (I) or occlusal (o)mesial (m)

Schematic representation illustrating cavity preparation line angles and point angles.Line angles are:axial-gingival (ag)axial-distal (ad)axial-incisal (ai) or axial- occlusal (ao)axial-mesial (am)distal-gingival (dg)distal-incisal (di) or distal- occlusal (do)mesial-gingival (mg)mesial-incisal (mi)or mesial occlusal (mo)

Point angles are:axial-distal-gingival (adg) axial-distal-incisal (adi) or axial-distal-occlusal (ado) axial-mesial gingival (amg) axial-mesial-incisal (ami) or

axial-mesial-occlusal (amo)

It is preferred that occlusal be used for posterior teeth only and incisal be used for anterior teeth only



Overall Classification:UNCLASSIFIED//REL TO NATO/ISAF

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008.02 Lecture 1 Basic Overview of Restorative Dentistry Concepts