003a Language Comprehension

8/8/2019 003a Language Comprehension

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What is Comprehension?

Why People Listen?


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WHAT IS COMPREHENSION?

NARROW SENSE The mental processes by which listeners or readers take in

sounds or letters that strikes their ears or eyes and use

them to construct an interpretation of what they think the

speaker or the writer intended to convey

BROADER SENSE The mental processes by which listeners or readers take in

sounds or letters that strikes their ears or eyes, extract the

new information it conveys and store it in memory. On a

question, they search for information asked for and

compose an answer. On an order or request, under most

circumstances they figure out what they were meant to do

with a sentence and do it


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THE TWO PROCESSES OF COMPREHENSION

Construction Process The way listeners or readers construct aninterpretation of a sentence from the sounds or

letters, started by identifying surface structure

and end up with an interpretation that resembles

an underlying representation

Utilization Process The way listeners or readers utilize sounds orletters for further purposes; for registering new

information, answering questions, following

orders, registering promises, etc.


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UTILIZATION PROCESS

1. On hearing an utterance, listeners identify the speech act,propositional content, and thematic content

2. They next search memory for information that matches thegiven information

3. Finally, depending on the speech act, they deal with thenew information:a. If the utterance is an assertion, they add the new information to

memoryb. If the utterance is a yes/no question, they compare the new

information with what is in memory and, depending on thematch, answer yes or no or maybe

c. If the utterance is a WH- question, they retrieve the wantedinformation from memory and compose an answer conveyingthat information

d. If the utterance is a request, they carry out the action necessaryto make the new information true


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CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

Linguistic

Symbols

Sounds or Words

Grammatical

Structure

Lexical

meaning

Information, knowledge,

experience, information,

knowledge, experience,

information, knowledge,

Rapidly dynamic, growing, and active process of searching for relevantrelationships

Context

Information, knowledge,experience, information,

knowledge, experience,information, knowledge,

INTERPRETATION

Be alarmed that this process takes only a few milliseconds for the concluded comprehension

depending on the frequency of lexical detection device stimulation someone has


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Relationship between Context

and ComprehensionInterestingly, we dont seem to listen or take in letters to each word

individually and comprehend its meaning in isolation; we seek

contextual consistency and plausibility, even if it comes to adding a

sound or inventing a word that wasnt actually spoken.

1. Kita tahu bahwa _da itu berjumlah 4 untuk mobil

2. Kita tahu bahwa _da itu adalah salah satu merek motor terkenal

3. Kita tahu bahwa _da itu nama binatang khas China

4. Kita tahu bahwa _da itu kendaraan tanpa mesin yang beroda dua


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A GAME FOR MIND PROCESS

Its not true that Wednesday never comesafter a day thats not Tuesday

Tidaklah benar jika dikatakan kalau hariRabu tidak akan pernah datang setelahhari yang bukan hari Selasa

True Wednesday Tuesday Come after Day Never

As soon as Ahmad got home, he picked up a box of unused items that he

had already packed the other and threw them all away into a trash can at

the corner of Jalan Cendrawasih


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We e e c et s e k ledge t f t is r esent ti n

nd e s ll elc e nyone for ery r disc ssion

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003a Language Comprehension