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aZmf*sD

aA'gvrf;

q&maZmf*sD ESpf 100 jynfh txdrf;trSwftjzpf jyefvnf xkwfa0onf/

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rmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdumrmwdum(1)r,fhvrf;ygvm; 3(2)r,fhvrf;ygwJh 5(3)b,f&Gmqdyfurf; 6(4)rSef;zdk@vdkyJ 7(5)wufcsdefESifh uscsdef 8(6)&JcJhonfygh 9(7)aw;pHkeJ@yJ 10(8)arsmvsufomyJ 11(9)pkefqef&w&m; 12(10)yef;yefvsufyJ 13(11)awG;rdygp 14(12)pdkif;OD;rSmvm; 15(13)qdkifcif;vsufyJ 16(14)acsmif;&J@tvS 17(15)ol@vrf;pOf 18(16)acsmif;vSzdk@udk 19(17)aA'gESifhusLyif 20(18)yGifhzl;wHcsD 21(19)acsmif;wcGif 22(20)wif;&yHkyJ 23(21)vSvdkufrSmyJ 24(22)'Dw&m; 25(23)wdk;xGufEdkifrS 26(24)r,fhjzpfenf; 27(25)pkefwcg qefwvSnfh 28(26)acsmif;uaxGaxG 29(27)rif;vdkufvmprf; 30(28)yef;0ifEdkifyg&J@ 31(29)}uHzef& 32(30)yef;cJhonfyJ 33(31)rif;ygrSyJ 34(32)yef;odyg&J@ 35(33)rifhapem 36(34)r,fhoabm 37(35)aA'gciftod 38(36)r,fhtdrfyJ 39(37)vrf;&dk;yguJG@ 40(38)'Da&orD; 41(39)oDygjrnfyg 42(40)acsmif;rtod 43(41)wvSnfhpD pkefqef+rJ 44(42)twˆKy`wdWtusOf; 45

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yef;eDvm aA'g qifovdk@,OfvSw,fav;/pkefcsnf qefcsnfeJ@'Dacsmif;a& aA'gvrf;rSmwef;pDvdk@av;/

tdktcsif; usL&dk;&Sif/raA'g jymvJhvef;/ urf; uyfr,f jyif/pHy,fvS yGifhjzLpif/ urf;cGifu i,fu|rf;/ol@vdyfjym +cHt&HeJ@olpH&m olaysmfarG@/ ajy;awG@csifprf; wJh/

awG@csifwJh apwem&,f/i,fu|rf;aqG vGrf;a0aw; ayrdk@at;csKdvSw,f/

vdyfjymu 0wf&nfo,f/ pHy,fu rtm;/yGifhzl;wa0a0eJ@'Dacsmif;a& aA'gvrf;/ r,fhvrf;ygvm;/

tdktcsif; usL&dk;&SifraA'g jymvJhvef;/ urf;uyfjyefcsif/[dktauG@rSmvudk&ifazh cspfa&pif/ ysKdcif&J@tEJG@/ysKd@vufrSm r,faA'guysKd@rsufESm cspftHk@ykef;udk +yHK;=unfhcsifiJh wJh/

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=unfhcsifwJh apwem&,f/oem;zG,f cspfzG,faw;ayrdk@at;csKdvSw,f/cspfpEdk;&,feJ@jrpf&dk;u tjymjc,fudkysKde,f vdkufavrvm;/yGifhzl;wa0a0eJ@'Dacsmif;a& aA'gvrf;/ r,fhvrf;ygvm;/

tdktcsif; usL&dk;&SifraA'g jymvJhvef;/ urf;uyfjyefcsif/xD;awmfu wc|ifc|if/ uGif;jyifu bk&m;/aerif;nKdcsdefwefayghedAŠmefudk pdwf}uHul;/ zl;csifvsufom; wJh/

zl;csifwJh apwem&,f/edAŠdENm *Dwmaw;ayrdk@/ at;csKdvSw,f/u|wfqkudk&G,f/ vG,fygawmht&/yGifhzl;wa0a0eJ@'Dacsmif;a& aA'gvrf;/ r,fhvrf;omygh/

acsmif;a&u azmif/ awmifavu aoG;/&Gufvif;,Of +rKdif+rKdifeJ@yef;wdkifudk yef;cdkifqdkufatmif/tm;pdkufygav;? ?

&efukefwuUodkvf ESpfvnfpmapmif (1957-1959)&efukefwuUodkvf ESpfvnfpmapmif (1957-1959)&efukefwuUodkvf ESpfvnfpmapmif (1957-1959)&efukefwuUodkvf ESpfvnfpmapmif (1957-1959)&efukefwuUodkvf ESpfvnfpmapmif (1957-1959)

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'Dacsmif;rSm &$if/ aA'gcifjymvJh/ysKdr,fudk ,dk;r,fzJG@/ urf;uyfcsifcJh/

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vif;,OfEJG@ wcsDcsD/usL&dk;&Sif ol@pum;/ em;uscJh+yD/u|wfqkjrwf pvG,fcsnf/ aA'g&DjymvJh/pkefcsnf qefcsnfeJ@'Dacsmif;a& aA'gvrf;/ r,fhvrf;ygwJh? ?

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acsif;jyifrSm pDwef;vdk@aA'gyef; a&=uifaqG/ arsmvdk@omae/urf;auG@rSmacG/ urf;ajyawmh pif;/onfacsmif;a& avrcwfw,fpD;wwfavjcif;/

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pkefygwJh qefyg/usL&dk;&Sif yDyDuav;eJ@/ aw;csKdvdk@omb,f+rKd@uvm/ b,f&Gmqdyfurf;/tyGifhtjyma&mifeJ@b,faomifrSm aecsKdat;v#ifarS;tdyfr,frSef;? ?

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raA'g/ b,f&Gm b,fpcef;eJ@b,furf;ajc b,fa&qdyfrSmrS/ aetdyfvdk@yJ/'Dwufv#ifaysmfaA'garmf a&ausmfqdkufatmifqefvdkufonfyJ/

raA'g/ b,f&Gm b,fpef;eJ@b,furf;ajc b,fa&qdyfrSmrS aetdyfvdk@yJ/'Dusv#if &$ifaA'gcif yifv,fqdkufatmifpkefvdkufonfyJ/

bkwfru tD/ yDyDu oHrpJ/raA'g pkefqefvrf;udk rSef;zdk@vdkyJ? ?

&efukefwuUodkvf ESpfvnfpmapmif(1957-1959)&efukefwuUodkvf ESpfvnfpmapmif(1957-1959)&efukefwuUodkvf ESpfvnfpmapmif(1957-1959)&efukefwuUodkvf ESpfvnfpmapmif(1957-1959)&efukefwuUodkvf ESpfvnfpmapmif(1957-1959)

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aw;rsKd;&,fpHk/ ukefEdkifygavyJ/raA'g pkefqef+rJ/ aw;pHkeJ@yJ? ?

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avjyif;i,f ayG/ avajyv#if vnf;/acsmif;us,f b,frjiif;acsmif;usOf;v#ifvnf;/

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pkefjyef& tzefzef/ qefjyef& wvJvJ/raA'g 'Da&a=umrSm/ arsmvsufomyJ? ?

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tdktcsif; usL&dk;&Sif/[if;&GufpHk ESpfyHkxyf/ avmif;pyfrSmwif/aps;orm; r,m;vifw&Gm0if w&GmoGm;/tdrftjyef ykZGefig;/ ae@wdkif;ygvm;/

'Dwufawmh olxufoef/'Dusv#if ol&$ifvef;/ wef;pDvdk@jyef/tvJvJ tzefzef/ pkefqef&w&m;/aA'gaqG 'Da&oGm;/ jrifxm;vdk@vm;? ?

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qif;&vnf; roufom/tkef;vufaºu a&aygavm/ arsmpkefvdk@vm/tqif;eJ@tvm/ aA'grS taxG;/tkef;vufaºu ol@eHab;/ aqmifhcJh&ao;/

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bJtkyfu w&m ESpf&maA'gu wyifxJ(wnf;)/t,uftuefcHvdk@aA'gysH tHudkcJ/ yef;yefvsufyJ? ?

wuUodkvf tdk;a0r*~Zif; (1960)wuUodkvf tdk;a0r*~Zif; (1960)wuUodkvf tdk;a0r*~Zif; (1960)wuUodkvf tdk;a0r*~Zif; (1960)wuUodkvf tdk;a0r*~Zif; (1960)

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ar$;or# jyefw&m/ cHp&m ta&;twdkufcHEdkifrS/ tar$@cHEdkifrSxdk;ig;udkif 'Dqdkif0JwJha&$bJ&ef pkefqefvrf;rSm&rf;wwfw,fav;/

ar$;rSvnf; r[kwfyg/&dk;oH&SIf yJhwifxyf/ acsmif;&yf{&mpkefqef& vrf;wumrSm/ vrf;rom &Sm=u/wpdkufpdkufu,feJ@twdkufudk t}uKdawG@ygvdk@tar$@'%f cHaeus/ awG;rdygp? ?

wuUodkvf tdk;a0r*~Zif;(1960)wuUodkvf tdk;a0r*~Zif;(1960)wuUodkvf tdk;a0r*~Zif;(1960)wuUodkvf tdk;a0r*~Zif;(1960)wuUodkvf tdk;a0r*~Zif;(1960)

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yifv,f0qDu/ 'Dwufp v_dif;abmifbif/raA'g w[kefxdk;/ acsmif;&dk;udk0ifrdk;rjrif avrjrif/ yef;qefcsifavwdkif;/a&xOD;ayrkd@pdwful;,Of ,Ofavwdkif;/ yef;xif&mpdkif;/

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yef;tvS raA'g wJhusL&dk;&Sif yDyDuav;/ aw;oHuom/yifv,f0qDu'Da&us cGef;pvm/ vGrf;p&mygwum;/rdk;rjrif avrjrifeJ@xDrxif pkefcsifwdkif;/ pdkif;OD;rSmvm;? ?

wuUodkvf tdk;a0r*~Zif; (1960)wuUodkvf tdk;a0r*~Zif; (1960)wuUodkvf tdk;a0r*~Zif; (1960)wuUodkvf tdk;a0r*~Zif; (1960)wuUodkvf tdk;a0r*~Zif; (1960)

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urf;pyfudk rifvwmjyif ig;ysHvl;vdk@/ aysmfjrL;=u&dk;/'Dwufv#if vwmEkef;/ 'DzkH;rSmpkd;/

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raA'g/ qefvmaygh twif;/Ekef;ESpf vwmjyifuanmifnKdyif jrpfyg;ysOf;/ ykef;&jyef&if;/

aA'gaqG/ pkefa&eJ@ jyefqif;/Ekef;ESpf vwmjyifuanmifnKdyif jrpfyg;ysOf;/ acgif; az:vdkuf&if;/

usLyif&dk;rSmawmh/ ,drf;xdk;& wcgcgraA'g pkefqefarsm/ armwJhae&m/v$Jvdkuf& b,feJ@nm/ &dk;wHnSm &$ufpdrf;/rEdkifhwEdkifeJ@,dkifhw,dkif 'Da&pD;udk/ onf;cHvdk@,drf;? ?

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yGifhzl;wHcsDyGifhzl;wHcsDyGifhzl;wHcsDyGifhzl;wHcsDyGifhzl;wHcsD

tjymrSm t0guGufu,feJ@0dkif;pufpuf&Gufi,f&Sif/raA'g yifv,fatmufuacsmif;aygufudk0if/acsmif;wav#muf r,fhvrf;pOf,OfaypGwum;/aA'gaqG 'Da&xJrSm/ &JaypGwum;/

a&qdyfrSmwJh nHpDpD/ysKdav;awG vufwurf;/ yef;qefcJhjyD/vSrf;=uaygh rDhwrD/ uHoDvdk@ wuwJ/aA'gysH uHu}uD;/ a&pD;a=umifhvJG/

c&kywf 0Ji,fi,f/aA'gaqG 'Da&auG@rSm/ ajy;awG@&w,f/rjzpfvdk@ESpfwG,fwG,f/ 0Jv,fu tEJG@/raA'g ywfcsmvSnfh? vJ$xGufEdkifcJh/

avmifpyfu cyfwufjyif/a&qefrSm pkefrqdkif;/ v_dif;,ufyef;qif/avSOD;u bFvl;0if/ vsifEdkifrS vGwf+rJ/aA'gysH avSeH,drf;/ wdrf;cJhonfyJ/

acsmif;zsm;u ig; ig;ysH/vwma&mif taumifao;/ arS;vdkufcJhjyef/aA'gu azmifo¿mef/ ig;ysHu azmifpD;/jym0ga&mif b,frnSKd;/ ydk;cJhrnnf;/

wufa&rSmqef/ usjyefawmh pkefqif;/yGifhzl;wH wcsDcsDeJ@aA'g&D 'Da&a=umrSm/ arsmwwfavjcif;? ?

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acsmif;wcGifacsmif;wcGifacsmif;wcGifacsmif;wcGifacsmif;wcGif

yGifhzl;wHcsD/ aA'g&Dwrd/acsmif;wcGif olqefoGm;/ acsmif;zsm;txd/

w&Gmudkausmf/ wac:avmufpcef;/raA'g qefwJhacsmif;/ ausmif;eJ@ewfvrf;/

ewfvrf;udkausmf/ wac:avmufpcef;raA'g ,mbufab;/ wJav;tdrfwef;/

av;tdrfudkausmf/ wac:avmufpcef;raA'g r,fhvuf0J/ u|Jpm;usufwef;/

pm;usufudkausmf/ wac:avmufpcef;/raA'g 0J,mvdkuf/ awmAsKdufjzLwef;/

AsKdufawmudkausmf/ wac:avmufpcef;raA'g ywfcsm0dkif;/ udkif;jruf&Snfwef;/

a&mufjyefv#ifaysmf/ ausmfjyefawmh olvGrf;/a&mufwdkif; waysmfaysmfeJ@ausmfwdkif;om ol@rSmvGrf;acsmif; aA'gvrf;? ?

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wif;&yHkyJwif;&yHkyJwif;&yHkyJwif;&yHkyJwif;&yHkyJ

zl;wHu nKdwkdwdk/pkefa& qefa&eJ@aA'gaqG a&tvS/ acsmif;rwcdk/aiefeJ@a&csKd/ O'[dkrpJ/ae@ra&Smif nrtm;/ em;&&SmyJ/

em;csifvdk@ cgw&HraA'g &Gmol@yef;ayrdk@/ urf;uyfr,fh}uH/tpkefrSm uyf&jyef/ tqefrSm cGm&+rJ/tqefrSm uyfv#ifvnf; pkefqif;awmhcJG/

uyfjyef& 0rf;rom/ cGmjyefawmh 0rf;renf;/raA'g pkefqef&if;/ wif;&yHkyJ? ?

&efukefwuUodkvf ESpfvnfr*~Zif;(1959-60)&efukefwuUodkvf ESpfvnfr*~Zif;(1959-60)&efukefwuUodkvf ESpfvnfr*~Zif;(1959-60)&efukefwuUodkvf ESpfvnfr*~Zif;(1959-60)&efukefwuUodkvf ESpfvnfr*~Zif;(1959-60)

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vSvdkufrSmyJvSvdkufrSmyJvSvdkufrSmyJvSvdkufrSmyJvSvdkufrSmyJ

bkwfru tD/ 'Da&usaw;/raA'g r,fh'kH&if;/ qif;csdefrdk@av;/

qif;r,fhavmh raA'g wJh/usL&dk;&Sif yDyDuav;/ aw;oHuom/a&xOD;qDutzl;eJ@ tiHk[m/ yGifhygayghckrsm;/yGifhjymrSm 0gvJh0if;rS qif;&r,fvm;/

tdktcsif; usL&dk;&Sif/pkefcsnf qefcsnfeJ@wjyefpD 'Dw&m;/ =um;ygp&Sif/wufcsdefus wufcJhv#if/ qif;csdefwGif raES;/'Dacsmif;ae aA'grsKd;rSm/ &dk;vSjyDav;/

tdktcsif; usL&dk;&Sif/yGifhjymrSm 0gvJh0if;rS/ qif;jyvdkufcsif/tyGifhum;&,feJ@acsmif;zsm;rSm vSa&$pifacsmif;a&,Of vSykvJ/acsmf;0rSm jrwcJ/ vSvdkufrSmyJ? ?

&efukefwuUodkvf aq;ody`Hr*~Zif;/ 1960&efukefwuUodkvf aq;ody`Hr*~Zif;/ 1960&efukefwuUodkvf aq;ody`Hr*~Zif;/ 1960&efukefwuUodkvf aq;ody`Hr*~Zif;/ 1960&efukefwuUodkvf aq;ody`Hr*~Zif;/ 1960

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'Dw&m;'Dw&m;'Dw&m;'Dw&m;'Dw&m;

rwuf&v#ifawmh/ woufygh rcHaygif wJh/uepdk wHk;wdkopfu/ aºu;[pf&efaxmif/reufu taoaumifolawmifrS wufEdkifao;/igwHk;wdk uepdkom;ayyghacsmif;zsm;udk cgwacgufa&muf&r,fav; wJh/

'Dacsmif;rSm 'Dw&m;whJ=um;rSmygh usL&dk;&Sif/uepdk wHk;ysKdvSudk em;csyg&Sif/'Dacsmif;udk 0ifrdv#ifrxifeJ@ wacgufwnf;/wufwHk oufwHkeJ@wufrukef oufrpJ/ armavmufatmifyJ/

'Dacsmif;rSm 'Dw&m;wJh=um;rSmygh usL&dk;&Sif/uepdk wHk;ysKdvSudk/ em;csyg&Sif/'Dacsmif;udk 0ifrdv#ifwufcsdefwGif qif;EdkifyJ/qif;csdefrSm wufvdkvnf;/ apmifh&p+rJ/

reufu wufwJh'D/ rrDvdkufavvnf;/nOD;,H 'Djyefwufygvdrfh/wufp&mcufygyJ/ yef;aA'genf;/

&efukefwuUodkvf aq;odyH`r*~Zif;/1960&efukefwuUodkvf aq;odyH`r*~Zif;/1960&efukefwuUodkvf aq;odyH`r*~Zif;/1960&efukefwuUodkvf aq;odyH`r*~Zif;/1960&efukefwuUodkvf aq;odyH`r*~Zif;/1960

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wdk;xGufEdkifrSwdk;xGufEdkifrSwdk;xGufEdkifrSwdk;xGufEdkifrSwdk;xGufEdkifrS

aemufacsmif;u yef;eDvm/ aA'gr vm;/a&S@acsmif;u yef;eDvm/ aA'gr vm;/'DqdkifuscgrSacsmif;0udk ta&mufcJ/ wJGwufpdk@vm; wJh/

aemufacsmif;u yef;aA'g/ qefvmayghav;/a&S@acsmif;u yef;aA'g/ qefvmayghav;/'DqdkifrSm ESpfcdkifcJayr,fh/rwJGom =umava0;/ 0Jausmfa=umifhav;/

0Jausmfu ravmfrmygwJh/'Dt+ydKif 'DtqdkifxJ/ 0Ju w&m/'Dtm;a=umifh rem;om/ ywfcsmvnf b0/0JcGif 0ifor#/ wdk;xGufEdkifrS? ?

&efukefwuUodkvf aq;odyH`r*~Zif;/1960&efukefwuUodkvf aq;odyH`r*~Zif;/1960&efukefwuUodkvf aq;odyH`r*~Zif;/1960&efukefwuUodkvf aq;odyH`r*~Zif;/1960&efukefwuUodkvf aq;odyH`r*~Zif;/1960

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r,fhjzpfenf;r,fhjzpfenf;r,fhjzpfenf;r,fhjzpfenf;r,fhjzpfenf;raA'g aomifpyfu/ avSmifwwfayav;/usL&dk;&Sif yDyDtm;eJ@/ vlºum;wJhav;/

avSmif&ufayh aA'gcif/'Dacsmif;a& u|ef;ajrzGm;/ ig;i,fr#yif/usL&d;wH&Sif/ ºum;csifvdk@[kwfyJ/&Guf&dk;jzL usLyavGeJ@usL&dk;az i,fpOfuwnf;/ u|rf;cJhvdk@yJ/

raA'g aomifpyfu avSmifwwfayav;/usL&dk;&Sif yDyDaumheJ@ vla=umhwJhav;/

avSmif&ufayh aA'gcif/'Dacsmif;ajr acsmif;a&vrf;/ yef;vSjympifusL&dk;wH&Sif/ a=umhcsifvdk@[kwfbJ/'Dv_dif; wHwsmeJ@raA'g r,fh[efyJG/ vGrf;cJhvdk@yJ/

raA'g aomifpyfu avSmifwwfayav;/usL&dk;&Sif yDyDaw;eJ@/ vlai;wJhav;/

avSmif&ufayh aA'gcif/em;rae 'Da&pD;rSm/ [D;wkdufvdk@yif/usL&dk;wH&Sif/ ai;csifvdk@[kwfbJ/pkefcsnf qefcsnfeJ@aA'g&D r,fhjzpfenf;/ EGrf;cJhvdk@yJ? ?

rEWav;wuUodkvf ESpfywfvnfr*~Zif;/ (1959-60)rEWav;wuUodkvf ESpfywfvnfr*~Zif;/ (1959-60)rEWav;wuUodkvf ESpfywfvnfr*~Zif;/ (1959-60)rEWav;wuUodkvf ESpfywfvnfr*~Zif;/ (1959-60)rEWav;wuUodkvf ESpfywfvnfr*~Zif;/ (1959-60)

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pkefwcg qefwvSnfhpkefwcg qefwvSnfhpkefwcg qefwvSnfhpkefwcg qefwvSnfhpkefwcg qefwvSnfh

raA'g aomifpyfu/ avSmifwwfayav;/usL&dk;oD yDyDw&m;udk =um;csifowJhav;/

avSmif&ufayh raA'g/yDyDrSm r,fhpum;a=umifh em;&Sufrdyg/acsmif;wavsmuf a&mufav&maA'gvJh pdwfpJG/acsmif;eyef;&,feJ@t[rf;oH usrf;oHaESm/ a[mvdkufcsifvnf;/

a[mr,fvdk@ }uHvdkufv#ifighyDyD jrnfr& t cJh tcif/wufa&eJ@ oufa&,Of/ woGifoGif tvS/bkwfr +yDwDwDeJ@wtDtD b,fqDu ai;rdcgrS/jrnfjyDwJh oD+yDacsmif;om,m vwmab;uaw;aumufcJh+yD/'Dacsmif;u aA'g&D&,f/ 'Da&udk}uKduJG@/pkefwcg qefwvSnfh aw;oHcsKdeJ@? ?

rEWav;wuUodkvf ESpfvnfr*~Zif;/(1959-60)rEWav;wuUodkvf ESpfvnfr*~Zif;/(1959-60)rEWav;wuUodkvf ESpfvnfr*~Zif;/(1959-60)rEWav;wuUodkvf ESpfvnfr*~Zif;/(1959-60)rEWav;wuUodkvf ESpfvnfr*~Zif;/(1959-60)

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acsmif;uaxGaxGacsmif;uaxGaxGacsmif;uaxGaxGacsmif;uaxGaxGacsmif;uaxGaxG

acsmif;0rSm ayG/ awcsifvdk@avvm;/rwdk;om 'dkufoa&m/ arsm qdk@Edkiftm;/

'Dwufcsdefwef/ qefEdkifyghrvm;/raA'g r,fhc&D;rSm/ ol qD;vdk@wm;/

tdktcsif; usL&dk;az/r,fhvrf;u &maxmifaomif;acsmif;uaxGaxG/onfacsmif;u wm;ygap[dkacsmif;a& &Sdygao;/qefcsdefawmf a&ausmfqdkufatmifrif;vdkufcJhav;? ?

aq;ody`H ESpfvnfpmapmif/ twJG2/ trSwf 5/ (1961-62)

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rif;vdkufvmprf;rif;vdkufvmprf;rif;vdkufvmprf;rif;vdkufvmprf;rif;vdkufvmprf;

vwmrSm =umaA'g tjymzl;eJ@/ 'DOD;udkvifh/woo&,feJ@a&xrSm olqefvdk@ol@zl;wH yefcsdefoifh/ acsmif;zsm;rSmyGifh/

tyGifheJ@ raA'g/acsmif;0rSm rjypm;/ acsmif;zsm;rSmom/rdk;OD;us rsKd;csvmudk[0g a=umifhavvm;/udk[0g w&Gmom;/ rif;}uKdufvdk@vm;/

tyGifheJ@ raA'g/acsmif;0rSm rjypm;/ acsmif;zsm;rSmom/aqmif;OD;ayguf aumufa&$0grdk;pma=umifhavvm;/rdk;eDvm rdk;pmaw;rSm ai;csifvdk@vm;/

tdktcsif; usL&dk;az/t=uifem xif&mar;/ awG;ygeJ@av/'Dacsmif;u wufoufa&/aA'gvJh r,fhvrf;/aemufwa& arqefcdkufrSmrif;vdkufvmprf;? ?

aq;ody`H ESpfvnfpmapmif/ twJG2/ trSwf 5/ (1961-62)aq;ody`H ESpfvnfpmapmif/ twJG2/ trSwf 5/ (1961-62)aq;ody`H ESpfvnfpmapmif/ twJG2/ trSwf 5/ (1961-62)aq;ody`H ESpfvnfpmapmif/ twJG2/ trSwf 5/ (1961-62)aq;ody`H ESpfvnfpmapmif/ twJG2/ trSwf 5/ (1961-62)

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yef;0ifEdkifyg&J@yef;0ifEdkifyg&J@yef;0ifEdkifyg&J@yef;0ifEdkifyg&J@yef;0ifEdkifyg&J@

usa&eJ@ñuH/ pkef&efom wum;/raA'g jymvJh0if;&,f/ qif;csif&J@vm;/

[dkurf;rSm c&mcsHK/ onfrSmwHk yHkwHwm;/rqif;csif rif;0ifwJG/ &Jvdkufygvm;/

tdktcsif; usL&dk;&Sif/rd&mwG,f r,frwJG? &Jpdwfrxif/pkefcsdef us+yDrdk@pkef&vnf; r,fhvrf;yif/ yef;0ifEdkifyg&J@/yGifhzl;pHk iHkwHeJ@/ qif;vdkufr,fwJh? ?

aiGwm&D/ trSwf 24/ ZGef /1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 24/ ZGef /1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 24/ ZGef /1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 24/ ZGef /1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 24/ ZGef /1962

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}uHzef&}uHzef&}uHzef&}uHzef&}uHzef&

oufvmwJha&/ awmifavuzrf;/a&jyifrSm av0ifpdkif;/ v_dif;=uufcGyfvrf;/

'Dv_dif;u avo[m/ aA'gu a&orm;/aA'gcif pkefcsiftm;/ 'Dv_dif;u wm;/

'kuQ[Jh raA'g/v_dif;ykwfjyef qkwf[efjy/ qif;&ol@rSm/qkwfjyefvnf; olqif;vmjrifygaygh yifv,f0/a&pkef avqefrdk@aA'gysH }uHzef&/ acsmif;'Davmu? ?

aiGwm&D/ trSwf 24/ ZGef/ 1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 24/ ZGef/ 1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 24/ ZGef/ 1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 24/ ZGef/ 1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 24/ ZGef/ 1962

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yef;cJhonfyJyef;cJhonfyJyef;cJhonfyJyef;cJhonfyJyef;cJhonfyJ

aevHk;&,feDwdyfyef;csD aeaoG;eJ@ ewfa&;onfodk@/'Dtusayrdk@tvS vwmjyifu/ usL&dk;&Sif avSuav;eJ@ar#mfai;vdkvdk@/

ol@udk,folv#if/ bmxifavrod/b,fajymif; nmjyefeJ@[dkig;ysH vwmpGef;rSm/ ol@u|rf;[efcsnfh/

ol@udk,folv#if/ bmxifavrod/bkwfr ckESpfoHcsDwnHnH vwmpGef;rSm/ ol@vGrf;oHcsnfh/

tdktcsif; usL&dk;&Sif/ol@rl&m ol@twif;/ rif;qdkcJhpOf/rif;udk,fvnf; rif;yifv#ifbmxifvdk@avvJ/raA'g pkefqefvrf;rSm/ yef;cJhonfyJ? ?

aiGwm&D/ trSwf 24/ ZGef/ 1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 24/ ZGef/ 1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 24/ ZGef/ 1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 24/ ZGef/ 1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 24/ ZGef/ 1962

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rif;ygrSyJrif;ygrSyJrif;ygrSyJrif;ygrSyJrif;ygrSyJ

pmbl;awmif;rSm/ pmigwdk@ vifr,m;/olwdk@vGrf;=uawmhr,fvGrf;atmif yDyDEJG@&,f/ aw;zJG@ygvm;/

zufvdyftdrfqif/ cgcsOfu vuform;/vuf&m qef;ygbdurf;ukefatmif yDyDEJG@&,f/ aw;zJG@ygvm;/rdk;wufr,fh[ef/ ig;ysHu u|rf;orm;/t}uH}uD;olrdk@rD;yGifhatmif yDyDEJG@&,f/ aw;zJG@ygvm;/

zJG@csif&J@aemf/ az:csif&J@renf;/'Dv_dif;ysH xefcsifxefwJhqefcsdefwef qefwuf&if;omygh/qif;csdefukef pkefvdk@qif;ygwJh/aA'gi,f r,frjiif;&,f/ rif; ygrSyJ? ?

aiGwm&D/ trSwf 25/ Zlvdkif /1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 25/ Zlvdkif /1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 25/ Zlvdkif /1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 25/ Zlvdkif /1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 25/ Zlvdkif /1962

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yef;odyg&J@yef;odyg&J@yef;odyg&J@yef;odyg&J@yef;odyg&J@

vrkyGifheDoEWm/ vwmu nKdacsm/vwmjyif vrkwef;/ urf;pyfuawm/

'Dvrf;u yef;aA'g/aexGufae0ifeJ@vwmjyif vrkyg;/ oGm;&cgcg/vrkeJ@ vwmom/ u|rf;&SmwJh aA'gr/vwmjyif vrkwef;/ yef;r,fhavmu/

tdktcsif; usL&dk;wHvrkpOf taemufem;u/ ig;cwfwJh+cH/tkef;+cHeJ@ "ed+cH/ uGrf;oD;+cHygwJh/pkefqef&m aA'gvrf;u/ yefodyg&J@/

N+cHaemufu &Gmudkv#if+cHaemufuG,f v,fudkoef;/ vrf;&Gm0 0if/&GmoGm;wJh &Gmvrf;pOfcGifwcg acGwvSnfh/pkefqef&m aA'gvrf;u yef;odyg&J@/

aiGwm&D/ trSwf 26/ =o*kwf/ 1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 26/ =o*kwf/ 1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 26/ =o*kwf/ 1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 26/ =o*kwf/ 1962aiGwm&D/ trSwf 26/ =o*kwf/ 1962

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rif;apemrif;apemrif;apemrif;apemrif;apem

tom tomaA'g r_ef EJG@iJh/ pkefcJhygwJh/atmufwcGif yifv,f0rSm'Dusv#if wJh/

tom tomaA'g r_ef EJG@ihJ/ pkefcJhygwJh/'Dacsmif;ajr naeat;avaoG;v#if wJh/

tdktcsif; usL&dk;&Sif/usa&rSm ajyajyqif;/ rif;pkefaphcsif/awmifav;vnf; aoG;apcsifacsmif;wcGif jrpfwef;/rifhapem r,fhrSmyef;/ v_dif;=uufcGyfvrf;/

aiGwm&D/ trSwf 79/ azaz:0g&D/ 1967/aiGwm&D/ trSwf 79/ azaz:0g&D/ 1967/aiGwm&D/ trSwf 79/ azaz:0g&D/ 1967/aiGwm&D/ trSwf 79/ azaz:0g&D/ 1967/aiGwm&D/ trSwf 79/ azaz:0g&D/ 1967/

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r,fhoabmr,fhoabmr,fhoabmr,fhoabmr,fhoabm

urf;pyfrSmxdkifusLrudkif vufr_difcsvdk@? idkifvSacswum;/usL&dk;&Sif tcifao;&,f/ ai;vSacswum;/

rai;vdk@ rjzpfaygif/wdk@acsmif;rSM zefvmqef;/ yef;&avatmif/rdk;xdatmif avSum;axmifaxmifr,fwJh vwmab;/yifus&nf wjrLavmufeJ@acsmif;aygufrSm ig;ysHrl;/ jrL;&ufvdk@av;/

tdktcsif; usL&dk;&Sif/acsmif;aygufrSm ig;ysHjrL;ayr,fhudk,frjrL;aevdkufv#if/aqmif;OD;ayguf+yDrdk@aumufyifEJG@rSnfh+yD&Sif/ wHpOfudkjyifygawmh/tcsdefwef pkefqefjref;wJhyef;aA'g r,fhoabmudk/ apmvdkufygaemh/

aiGwm&D trSwf 90/ 'DZifbm/ 1967aiGwm&D trSwf 90/ 'DZifbm/ 1967aiGwm&D trSwf 90/ 'DZifbm/ 1967aiGwm&D trSwf 90/ 'DZifbm/ 1967aiGwm&D trSwf 90/ 'DZifbm/ 1967

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aA'gciftodaA'gciftodaA'gciftodaA'gciftodaA'gciftod

wufjyefaygh 'D/ [Djyefaygh a&&dkif;/atmufwcGif yifv,f0rSm/ 0Jxvdk@0dkif;/

a&&dkif;u xifwdkif;om/'Dwufcsdef ESdrfr&/ a'gxvdk@om/acsmif;aygufrSm olajrmufvmolrnSm/ olroem;/acsmif;wcGif ol0ifp/ jycJhol@tm;/

ol@tm;udk jyvdkuf&Hk/vwmjyif a&0ifwdk;/ xdk;=u yvHk/pGefqdwfwdk@ xdwfvdk@wkefawmifckefvdk@ ajrmufajy;/usL&dk;&Sif tcifao;/ acsmif;0rSmaqGl;/

raqG;eJ@ usL&dk;&Siftcsdefwef 'Drmefus/ acsmif;vS+rJyif/acsmif;wavsmuf aumufauG@0ifaA'gcif tod/aemufwcsD 'Da&OD;/ 'D&l;csdefxd/

aiGwm&D/ trSwf 91/ Zefe0g&D/ 1968aiGwm&D/ trSwf 91/ Zefe0g&D/ 1968aiGwm&D/ trSwf 91/ Zefe0g&D/ 1968aiGwm&D/ trSwf 91/ Zefe0g&D/ 1968aiGwm&D/ trSwf 91/ Zefe0g&D/ 1968

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r,fhtdrfyJr,fhtdrfyJr,fhtdrfyJr,fhtdrfyJr,fhtdrfyJ

'D uscsdefwef/ tdrfjyefawmhrvm;/aA'g&D 'Da&a=umrSm ar#mawmhr,fvm;/

acsmif;zsm;u cg;wrmacsmif;0om oumysm;/aA'gaqG usa&}uKduf/ vdkufawmhr,fvm;/

tdktcsif; usL&dk;&Sif/cg;wrm oumysm;/ jcm;vdkbk&Sif/r,fh'Dacsmif;rSmvacsmif;zsm;vnf; r,fhtdrfyifacsmif;0ifvnf; r,fhtdrfyJ/'Dwufcsdefweftdrfjyefr,f qefr,fcJ/ acsmif;zsm;udkyJ/

aiGwm&D/ trSwf 103/ Zefe0g&D/ 1969aiGwm&D/ trSwf 103/ Zefe0g&D/ 1969aiGwm&D/ trSwf 103/ Zefe0g&D/ 1969aiGwm&D/ trSwf 103/ Zefe0g&D/ 1969aiGwm&D/ trSwf 103/ Zefe0g&D/ 1969

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vrf;&dk;yguJG@vrf;&dk;yguJG@vrf;&dk;yguJG@vrf;&dk;yguJG@vrf;&dk;yguJG@

taemufzufqD/ aeeDeJ@ wdrfyef;/a&S@qDrSm "edwef;/ acsmif;a&S@zufurf;/

"edwef;/ urf;auG@rSm'Dwufcsdef wdrftpGrf;/ yef;awmfwJhcg/auG@atmufu a&eDvm/ auG@nmu jraoG;/raA'g qefvmvrf;/ eef;qefayhav; wJh/

tdktcsif; usL&dk;&Sif/rif;wdk@&Gm wzufurf;/ vrf;utjrif/r,fhteD; r,fh0ef;usifacsmif;a&jyif =unfvJh/pkefum qefumESifh jrryg eDvmrJhvrf;&dk;yguJG@? ?

aiGwm&D/ trSwf 111/ pufwifbm/ 1969/aiGwm&D/ trSwf 111/ pufwifbm/ 1969/aiGwm&D/ trSwf 111/ pufwifbm/ 1969/aiGwm&D/ trSwf 111/ pufwifbm/ 1969/aiGwm&D/ trSwf 111/ pufwifbm/ 1969/

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'Da&orD;'Da&orD;'Da&orD;'Da&orD;'Da&orD;

'Dacsmif;rSmae/ 'Da&rSm ol}uD;/yDayonf 'Da&orD;/ acsmif;aumufauG@c&D;/'Dwufcsdefwef/ rqef[k olrjiif;/aA'gaqG 'Da&OD;rSm/ jrL;wwfavjcif;/

'Dwufcsdefukef/ rpkef[k olrjiif;/aA'gaqG 'Da&usrSm/ vSwwfavjcif;/

rawG@csif rjrifcsif/ r0ifcsifaomfvnf;0ifvdkufw,f r,frv$J/ acsmif;'Dqdkif0J/

ruJGcsif ruGmcsif/ rcGmcsifaomfvnf;/cGmvdkufw,f r,frpJG/ acsmif;a&qdyfwJ/

qefolvnf; raA'g/pkefvdkuf olqdkv#ifvnf;/ oif;yJaA'g/

tqef&J t+rJom/ pkefcsdefcg pkefonfcsnf;/yDayonf 'Da&orD;/ acsmif;aumufauG@c&D;/0ifolvnf; raA'gcGmvdkuf olqdkv#ifvnf;/ oif;yJ aA'g/t0if&J t+rJom/ tpOfcGm cGmonfcsnf;/yDayonf 'Da&orD;/ acsmif;aumufauG@c&D;? ?

aiGwm&D/ trSwf 112/ atmufwdkbm/ 1969aiGwm&D/ trSwf 112/ atmufwdkbm/ 1969aiGwm&D/ trSwf 112/ atmufwdkbm/ 1969aiGwm&D/ trSwf 112/ atmufwdkbm/ 1969aiGwm&D/ trSwf 112/ atmufwdkbm/ 1969

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oDyg jrnfygoDyg jrnfygoDyg jrnfygoDyg jrnfygoDyg jrnfyg

urf;pyfrSmxdkifusLrudkif r_difai;vdk@/ ta0;udk=unfh/usL&dk;&Sif yDyDao;&,f/ aw;qdwfvScsnfh/

tdktcsif; raA'g/igridkif igrai;/ a0;&yfudkom/"edwef; txufrSm/ tmumo jymvJh/uodk%f;yHk tm&HkeJ@/ &$ef;yDwdeJ@/

tdktcsif; rif;yDyD/xufaumif;uif jymvJh0if;rSmrif;arG@wwfjyD/acsmif;avmu oDu&D/roDawmh+yDavm/rif;bmom wudk,fxl;/ =unfEl;tHhavm/

oDygwJh jrnfyg/'Dacsmif;ajr 'Da&ta&;/ aw;qdkoifhyg/qefpOfvnf; r,fem;empkefvmvnf; emrSmyJ/em&if;om pkefqef+rJ/ acsmif; 'Da&xJ? ?

aiGwm&D/ trSwf 116/ azaz:0g&D/ 1970/aiGwm&D/ trSwf 116/ azaz:0g&D/ 1970/aiGwm&D/ trSwf 116/ azaz:0g&D/ 1970/aiGwm&D/ trSwf 116/ azaz:0g&D/ 1970/aiGwm&D/ trSwf 116/ azaz:0g&D/ 1970/

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acsmif;rtodacsmif;rtodacsmif;rtodacsmif;rtodacsmif;rtod

acsmif;rudk0if jrifyg&J@vm;/'DqdkifrSm ay:vm+rJ/ 0J}uD;ygvm;/

'Do&J 0Jv,fwGif0JvSnfh&m aA'gacsmiJh/ arm&vdrfhxif/'D0Ja=umifh r,f+idKjiif/ E_wfjypfwifpum;/acsmif;rudk r,fhvufnSKd;/ xdk;vdkufr,fvm;/

tdktcsif; usL&dk;&Sif/armvdrfhr,f wu,fyJ/ 0JvSnfhcdkufwGif/acsmif;rvJ ñuH+rJyif qifjcifrdyg&J@/acsmif;rudk 'gayr,fh/ 0ifvdkufr,fuJG@/

'D0Ja=umifh r+idKjiif/a&tDv#if 'Do&J/ &SJ&rnfyif/'Do&J r&SJcif/ aA'gpif jymtd/'D0J'%f cH&nf&Sd/ acsmif;r tod/

'D0Ja=umifh r+iKdjif/rarmcif xGufcsifvnf;/ cJ&rnfyif/'D0Ju xGufEdkifcif/ aA'gpif jymtd/'D0J'%f cH&nf&Sd/ acsmif;rtod? /

aiGwm&D/ trSwf 123/ pufwifbm/ 1970aiGwm&D/ trSwf 123/ pufwifbm/ 1970aiGwm&D/ trSwf 123/ pufwifbm/ 1970aiGwm&D/ trSwf 123/ pufwifbm/ 1970aiGwm&D/ trSwf 123/ pufwifbm/ 1970

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wvSnfhpD pkefqef+rJwvSnfhpD pkefqef+rJwvSnfhpD pkefqef+rJwvSnfhpD pkefqef+rJwvSnfhpD pkefqef+rJ

reufcif;qDu/ pkefqif;cJh raA'g/rGef;wnfhcsdef ae@vnfcif;oif; jyefwufvm/

naeapmif;vmawmhacsmif;zsm;a&muf qdwf+idrf&mraA'g rtdyf/pkefcsdefrSm pkefjyef&aygh/acsmif;0rSm jyefpnfum;acsmif;zsm;rSm wdwf/

tdktcsif; raA'gusL&dk;&Sif usLwHao;eJ@aw;csKdvdk@om/

qdwf+idrf&m pnfum;&ma&muf&mrSm r,frpJG/uyfcsnf cGmcsnfeJ@wvSnfhpD pkefqef+rJnnf;wwfygyJ? ?

zsmyHk pmayvkyfom; r*~Zif;/ 1981zsmyHk pmayvkyfom; r*~Zif;/ 1981zsmyHk pmayvkyfom; r*~Zif;/ 1981zsmyHk pmayvkyfom; r*~Zif;/ 1981zsmyHk pmayvkyfom; r*~Zif;/ 1981

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aZmf*sD (1907-1990)aZmf*sD (1907-1990)aZmf*sD (1907-1990)aZmf*sD (1907-1990)aZmf*sD (1907-1990)

1907- {+yD 12 &uf/ aom=umae@wGif zsmyHk+rKd@Y tz OD;a,m/ trda':pdefnGef@wdk@rS zGm;jrifonf/ om;csif; udk;a,mufteuft}uD;qHk;om;OD;jzpfonf/ trnf&if; OD;odef;[ef jzpfonf/

1912-1919 a&S;OD;pGm zsmyHk+rKd@ bkef;awmf}uD;ausmif;/ xdk@aemuf jrefrmausmif;? zsmyHk+rKd@ t*Fvdyfjrefrm tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;wdk@wGif owWrwef; txd ynm oif=um;cJhonf/

1920- &efukefwuUodkvf yxroydwf}uD;wGif zsmyHkausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;ESifhtwl zsmyHktrsKd;om;ausmif;odk@ ajymif;a&G@ynmoif=um;cJh onf/

1924- &efukef+rKd@ trsKd;om; txufwef;ausmif;(o&ufawmausmif;wdkuf)odk@ ajymif;a&G@ynmoifcJhonf/ xdk@aemuftaxmuftyHhcH +rKd@r trsKd;om;(wdkif;&if;om;)txufwef;ausmif;odk@ ajymif;a&G@ynmoifcJh+yD; 11 qifh wef; atmifjrifcJhonf/opPm0g'D owif;pmwdkufu }uD;rSL;usif;yaom uAsm bmomjyef +yKdifyJGwGif pdwWokcvuFmjzifh opPm0g'Dqk( a&$'*Fg; ig;jym;)&&SdcJhonf/ (pdwWokcvuFmonf t*FvdyfuAsmq&m Henry

Wotton . The Character of A Happy Life uAsmudkbmomjyefqdkjcif;jzpfonf)

1925-26 &efukefwuUodkvfodk@ wufa&mufynmoifcJhonf/1928 aemiftcg yxrOD;qHk;aom acwfprf;uAsm jzpfvmrnfh

‘ydawmufyef;’uAsm udkzJG@qdkI a&S;OD;pGm [Homa=u;rHk pmapmifwGif az:jycJhonf/ xdk@aemuf rwfvxkwf wuUodkvfausmif;wdkuf r*~Zif;I xyfrHaz:jycH&onf/Oypmwef;udk jrefrmpm trSwftrsm;qHk;ESifh atmifjrifIom'dk;atmif qk &cJhonf/

1929 0dZ…mbJG@&cJhonf/ (jrefrmpmay/ t*Fvdyfpmay/ ta&S@wdkif;EdkifiHrsm; ordkif; bmom&yfrsm;jzifhatmifjrifcJhonf)

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1930/ &efukefwuUodkvf ausmif;wdkufY jrefrmpmenf;jyq&mtjzpftr_xrf;onf/

1931-34 &efukef +rKd@r trsKd;om;txufwef;ausmif;wGif txufwef;jyq&mtjzpf vkyfudkifcJhonf/

1934 &efukefwuUodkvf. r[m0dZ…moifwef;udk wufcJhonf/(t*FvdyfpmayESifh jrefrmpmay ESpfbmom wJG,lonf)

1936 r[m0dZ…mbJG@&onf/1936-38 rEWav; OypmaumvdyfY jrefrmpmenf;jyq&mtjzpf

tr_xrf;onf/1938 pm=unfhwdkufynm/ ynmawmfoiftjzpf vef'efwuUodkvf

ESifh 'AŠvifwuUodkvfwdk@Y ynmoifcJhonf/1940 pm=unfhwdkufynm 'Dyvdkrm &&dScJhonf/1941 &efukefwuUodkvfausmif;wdkuf pm=unfhwdkufrSL;tjzpf wm0ef

xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ atmufwdkbmvwGif OD;qef;/a':ESif;Zifwdk@.orD;/ &efukef+rKd@r trsKd;orD;ausmif; txufwef;jyq&mra':apm&if (bDat/bDtD;'D)ESifh vufxyf cJhonf/

1942 'kwd,urBmppftwGif; jrefrmtpdk;&ynma&;0ef}uD;Xme/'kwd,n$ef=um;a&;0ef(pmayESifhpm=unfhwdkufXmecJG)tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmifcJh onf/

1946 &efukefwuUodkvf pm=unfhwdkufrSL;wm0ef xrf;aqmifonf/1947-48 wdkif;jyKjynfjyK v$wfawmf&Hk;ESifh a&G;aumufyJGaumfr&Sif&Hk;wdk@wGif

txl;t&m&Sd(tajccHOya' tacsmudkifaumfrwD/ jrefrmEdkifiHawmftvH? oDcsif;ESifh wHqdyfaumfrwD tzJG@0if) tjzpf wm0efay;jcif;cH&onf/

1948 0ÀausmfxifbJG@&onf/1950 cspf=unfa&;tzJG@0iftjzpfESifh tif'dkeD;&Sm;EdkifiHodk@ oGm;a&mufcJh

onf/1951-52 ynma&; avhvma&; tzJG@0iftjzpf t*Fvef/ tar&duef/

ruUqDudkESifh uae'g EdkifiHrsm;odk@ oGm;a&mufcJhoinf/1952-57 ynma&;Xme/ ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfjyKpka&;(xkwfvkyfa&;)

n$ef=um;a&;0ef tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/

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1955 ‘ocifudkk,fawmfr_dif;ÉDum’pmtkyftwGuf pmayAdrmef. pmya'omqk &&SdcJhonf/ cspf=unfa&;tzJG@0iftjzpf xdkif;odk@oGm;a&mufcJhonf/

1959 jrefrmEdkifiHordkif;aumfr&SifOuUXtjzpf wm0efay;jcif;cH&onf/1961 (arv)*k%fxl;atmif jrefrmpmygarmuQtjzpf aqmif&Guf

onf/ od&dysHcsDbJG@wHqdyf&cJhonf/ cspf=unfa&;tzJG@0iftjzpfw&kwfEdkifiHodk@ oGm;a&mufcJhonf/

1965-75 ynm&yf a0g[m& aumfrwDOuUX? trsKd;om;pmayqk pdppfa&G;cs,fa&; aumfrwDOuUXtjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/

1967 wuUodkvfrsm; A[dkpm=unfhwdkufrSL;tjzpfrS t+idrf;pm;,lonf/ynma&;txl;t&m&Sd(1)/ jrefrmEdkifiHokawoetoif;OuUXwm0efrsm; xrf;aqmifonf/

1976 EdkifiHordkif; okawoe OD;pD;Xme t}uHay;yk*~Kdvftjzpf aqmif&Gufonf/ tdENd,odk@ &mrpmwrf;zwfyJG wufa&muf&efOD;cifaZmf(au)ESihf twl oGm;cJhonf/

1979 ‘eifvm;[Jh cspf'kuQESifh tjcm;0wWKwdkrsm;’ bmomjyefpmtkyfjzifh trsKd;om;pmay(bmomjyef&opmay)qk&cJhonf/

1981 t+idrf;pm;b0udk tjynfht0 pwifcHpm;onf/1987 ‘a&S;acwfyk*H uAsmpkESifh tjcm;uAsmrsm;’ uAsmpmtkyfjzifh

trsKd;om;pmay(uAsm)qk &cJhonf/1990 pufwifbm 26 &uf Ak'<[l;ae@ eHeuf ig;em&DcJGtcsdefwGif

&efukef+rKd@ A[ef;+rKd@e,f/ uarBmZvrf;/ trSwf(10-u)aetdrfwGif uG,fvGefonf/

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aZmf*sD

aA'gvrf;

uAsmpk