Cha

pter

10

Eco

logi

cal R

esto

ratio

n

The

Bal

ance

of N

atur

e

–A

n en

viro

nmen

tal m

yth

that

sta

tes

that

the

natu

ral e

nvir

onm

ent,

whe

n no

tin

flue

nced

by

hum

an a

ctiv

ity, w

ill re

ach

aco

nsta

nt st

atus

, unc

hang

ing

over

tim

e.

Wha

t nee

ds to

be

rest

ored

?

1.W

etla

nds,

Riv

ers a

nd S

trea

ms

(Ex:

Kis

sim

mee

Riv

er, E

verg

lade

s Nat

iona

lPa

rk)

2.

Prai

rie

Res

tora

tion

(E

x: A

llwin

e Pr

airie

)

Whe

n N

atur

e R

esto

res

Itsel

f: Th

ePr

oces

s of

Eco

logi

cal S

ucce

ssio

n

E

colo

gica

l Suc

cess

ion:

Th

e pr

oces

s of

the

deve

lopm

ent o

f an

ecol

ogic

alco

mm

unity

or e

cosy

stem

. Tw

o Ty

pes:

1.Pr

imar

y Su

cces

sion

: The

initi

al e

stab

lishm

ent

and

deve

lopm

ent o

f an

ecos

yste

m2.

Seco

ndar

y Su

cces

sion

: The

rees

tabl

ishm

ent o

fan

eco

syst

em w

here

ther

e ar

e re

mna

nts

of a

prev

ious

bio

logi

cal c

omm

unity

Patte

rns i

n Su

cces

sion

1.A

n in

itial

kin

d of

veg

etat

ion

spec

ially

ada

pted

to th

eun

stab

le c

ondi

tions

2.Sm

all p

lant

s and

oth

er e

arly

-suc

cess

iona

l spe

cies

gro

wan

d se

eds s

prea

d ra

pidl

y.3.

Larg

er p

lant

s and

oth

er la

te su

cces

sion

al sp

ecie

s ent

er a

ndbe

gin

to d

omin

ate

the

site

.4.

A m

atur

e fo

rest

dev

elop

s. Ex

ampl

es o

f Suc

cess

ion:

Dun

e Su

cces

sion

, Bog

Suc

cess

ion,

Old

-Fie

ld S

ucce

ssio

n

Bog

Suc

cess

ion

Succ

essi

on a

nd C

hem

ical

Cyc

ling

•B

iom

ass,

prod

uctio

n, d

iver

sity

and

che

mic

alcy

clin

g ch

ange

dur

ing

succ

essi

on •

Bio

mas

s and

div

ersi

ty p

eak

in m

id-

succ

essi

on, i

ncre

asin

g at

firs

t to

am

axim

um, t

hen

decl

inin

g an

d va

ryin

g ov

ertim

e.

Spec

ies

Cha

nge

in S

ucce

ssio

n

Ea

rlier

and

late

r spe

cies

in s

ucce

ssio

n m

ay in

tera

ctin

thre

e w

ays:

1.

Faci

litat

ion

2.In

terf

eren

ce3.

Life

his

tory

diff

eren

ces

If

they

do

not i

nter

act,

the

resu

lt is

term

ed c

hron

icpa

tchi

ness

Faci

litat

ion

•D

urin

g su

cces

sion

, one

spec

ies p

repa

res t

hew

ay fo

r the

nex

t (an

d m

ay e

ven

bene

cess

ary

for t

he o

ccur

renc

e of

the

next

)

Inte

rfer

ence

•D

urin

g su

cces

sion

, one

spec

ies

prev

ents

the

entr

ance

of a

late

r spe

cies

into

an

ecos

yste

m.

•Ex

) Som

e gr

asse

s pro

duce

den

se a

nd th

ick

mat

s so

the

seed

s of t

rees

can

not r

each

the

soil

to g

erm

inat

e

Life

His

tory

Diff

eren

ce

•Th

e di

ffer

ence

in th

e lif

e hi

stor

ies o

f the

spec

ies a

llow

som

e tim

e to

arr

ive

first

and

grow

qui

ckly

, whi

le o

ther

s arr

ive

late

and

grow

mor

e sl

owly

•Ex

) see

d di

sbur

sal