ГРАДСКА УПРАВА ЗА ЗАШТИТУ ЖИВОТНЕ СРЕДИНЕ · Zaštita životne sredine danas je povezana sa gotovo svakom ljudskom aktivnošću. Edward O. Wilson,

ГРАДСКА УПРАВА ЗАЗАШТИТУ ЖИВОТНЕ СРЕДИНЕ

ENVIROSCIENCENS 2012 - knjiga apstrakata

Urednik: dr Aleksandra Jovanović Galović

Izdavač: Gradska uprava za zaštitu životne sredine

Godina izdavanja: 2012

Štampa: Stojkov štamparija doo, Novi Sad

Format: 235 x 165mm

Broj ilustracija: 5

Tiraž: 500

Grafičko oblikovanje:Kitchen&GoodWolf, Novi Sad

Zaštita životne sredine danas je povezana sa gotovo svakom ljudskom aktivnošću. Edward O. Wilson, tvorac teorije Biofilije, je 21. vek okarakterisao kao vek životne sredine (Wilson E.O., Biophilia, Harvard University Press, 1984.; Wilson E.O., Naturalist, Shearwater Books, 1994.).

Svetska naučna javnost se već neko vreme bavi preispitivanjem uloge koju nauka treba da ima u društvu, kako bi ponudila efikasna i primenljiva rešenja kojim bi se usporio i kontrolisao uticaj čoveka na Planetu (Lubchenco J, Entering the Century of the Environment: A New Social Contract for Science, Science, 279:5350, 491-497, 1998.).

Sasvim je jasno da nauka sama, nema moć da dostigne i izgradi održivo društvo, ali su naučna saznanja i mudrost neophodni za donošenje pravih odluka.

Da bi ispunila tu svoju ulogu i nauka mora da se promeni. Moraju se postaviti jasni naučni prioriteti, nova institucionalna rešenja i usavršiti mehanizmi kojim bi se brže i efikasnije nova saznanja raširila i primenila.

Takva nauka mora biti otvorena za susrete različitih disciplina, jer je interdisciplinarnost neophodan predu-slov za rešavanje problema i mesto nastanka mnogih otkrića i inovacija.

U slučajevima kada nema definitivne odgovore, nauka mora ukazati na nedoumice, pozvati na primenu principa predostrožnosti, osnovnog principa za donošenje zakona iz ove oblasti (Freestone D, Hey E, eds. The Precauti-onary Principle and International Law. Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1996.; Kriebel D. et al, The Precautio-nary Principle in Environmental Science, Environmental Health Perspectives, 109:9, 871-876, 2001.).

Iako su problemi u zaštiti životne sredine globalni, njihovo rešavanje zahteva konkretne odgovore i lokalno delovanje. Grad Novi Sad niz godina finansijski podržava naučna istraživanja koja u kratkom roku daju pri-menljiva rešenja za Grad i tako iznalazi svoj put ka održivosti.

Nadamo se da će nas ova knjiga odvesti jedan korak dalje na tom putu.

Grad Novi SadGradska uprava za zaštitu životne sredine

UVOD

Environmental protection today is connected with practically every human activity. Edward O. Wilson, found-er of Biophilia hypothesis, stated that 21st century is the century of the environment (Wilson E.O., Biophilia, Harvard University Press, 1984.; Wilson E.O., Naturalist, Shearwater Books, 1994.).

Scientific public has been reinvestigating the role of science in society, in order to provide efficient and ap-plicable solutions for decreasing and controlling the human impact on the Planet (Lubchenco J, Entering the Century of the Environment: A New Social Contract for Science, Science, 279:5350, 491-497, 1998.).

It is clear that science alone, does not have a power to build up a sustainable society, but scientific knowl-edge and wisdom are indispensable to make the right long-term decisions.

To serve its role, science itself has to be changed. Firm priorities have to be set, new institutional arrange-ments found, and mechanisms to disseminate and utilize knowledge improved.

Such science has to enable the clash of various fields, since it is on the meeting points of different disciplines that most new solutions and inventions arise.

In cases when there are no certain answers, science has to raise doubt, and call for precautionary principle, as a foundation for environmental legislature (Freestone D, Hey E, eds. The Precautionary Principle and International Law. Boston: Kluwer Law International, 1996.; Kriebel D. et al, The Precautionary Principle in Environmental Science, Environmental Health Perspectives, 109:9, 871-876, 2001.).

Although environmental problems are global, the solutions require pragmatic answers and local actions. For years City of Novi Sad has been funding scientific research that provides applicable solutions. By doing so, it paves up its road to sustainability.

We sincerely hope that this book will take us all one step further on that road.

City of Novi SadCity Administration for Environmental Protection

PREFACE

POZIVNA PREDAVANJA ‣ INVITED LECTURES

EmErgEntnE supstancE u životnoj srEdini / izazovi, spEcifičnosti, toksičnost i poslEdicEEMErGING SUBSTANCES IN ENvIrONMENT / ChAllENGES, SPECIFICITy, TOxICITy AND CONSEqUENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

značaj i iskustva u praćEnju nivoa Em polja u okružEnjuIMPOrTANCE AND ExPErIENCES IN ThE MUNICIPAl EMF lEvEl TrACkING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

aErozagađEnjE u funkciji paramEtara saobraćaja, korišćEnja zEmljišta i mEtEoroloških uslovaAIr POllUTION IN rElATION TO TrAFFIC FlOW CONDITIONS, lAND USE AND METEOrOlOGICAl PArAMETErS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

VAZDUH, VODA I ZEMLJIŠTE ‣ AIR, WATER & SOIL

idEntifikacija i kvantifikacija koncEntracionih nivoa pErzistEntnih organskih polutanata (pops) u ambijEntalnom vazduhu i zEmljištu na tEritoriji grada novog sada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF RESIDUES OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLUTANTS (POPS) IN AMBIENT AIR AND SOIL ON TERRITORY AND SURROUNDING AREA OF NOVI SAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

potEncijal formiranja biofilma u distributivnom sistEmu grada novog sada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10BIOFIlM FOrMING POTENTIAl IN DISTrIBUTION SySTEM OF ThE CITy OF NOvI SAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

istraživački monitoring vodE i sEdimEnata dunava u zoni izvorišta vodE za pićE grada novog sada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12rESEArCh MONITOrING OF ThE WATEr AND SEDIMENT OF ThE DANUBE NEAr ThE DrINkING WATEr SOUrCES OF NOvI SAD . . . . . . . . 13

monitoring zEmljišta i podzEmnE vodE u blizini bEnzinskih pumpi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14MONITOrING SOIlS AND GrOUNDWATEr NEAr GAS STATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

ispitivanjE zEmljišta i biljaka u novosadskim parkovima na sadržaj olova . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16TESTING SOIlS AND PlANTS FrOM NOvI SAD PArkS FOr lEAD CONTENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

HRANA I ZDRAVLJE ‣ FOOD & HEALTH

rEzimE rEzultata trogodišnjEg monitoringa prisustva polutanata (tEških mEtala) i nitrata u povrtarskim biljnim vrstama na zElEnim pijacama u novom sadu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20ThrEE yEAr MONITOrING OF POllUTANT (hEAvy METAl) AND NITrATE ACCUMUlATION IN vEGETABlE PlANT SPECIES AT GrEEN OPEN MArkETS IN NOvI SAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

odrEđivanjE sadržaja tEških mEtala u uzorcima povrća proizvEdEnog u okolini novog sada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22DETErMINATION OF hEAvy METAlS IN vEGETABlE SAMPlES PrODUCED IN ThE vICINITy OF NOvI SAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

sadržaj ditiokarbamata u jagodastom voću na novosadskim pijacama i markEtima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24DIThIOCArBAMATE CONTENT IN BErry FrUITS FrOM NOvI SAD MArkET SqUArES AND DEPArTMENT STOrES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

odrEđivanjE ostataka pEsticida u voću na tržištu grada novog sada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26DETErMINATION OF PESTICIDE rESIDUES IN FrUIT ON ThE MArkET OF NOvI SAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

zaštita i unaprEđEnjE životnE srEdinE grada novog sada kroz parazitološku kontrolu javnih površina – pEščanika za igranjE dEcE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28ENvIrONMENTAl PrOTECTION AND IMPrOvEMENT OF ThE CITy OF NOvI SAD ThrOUGh PArASITOlOGICAl CONTrOl OF SAND PlAyGrOUND - PUBlIC FACIlITIES FOr ChIlDrEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

monitoring invazivnih i vEktorskih vrsta insEkata i transmisivnih bolEsti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30MONITOrING OF INvASIvE AND vECTOr INSECT SPECIES AND TrANSMISSIBlE DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

značaj biološkog monitoringa, kao pokazatElja zagađEnja vazduha, kod stanovnika nasElja šangaj . . . . . . . . . . . 32ThE IMPOrTANCE OF BIOlOGICAl MONITOrING AS AN INDICATOr OF AIr POllUTION, ThE INhABITANTS OF ShANGhAI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

uticaj ElEktromagnEtnog zračEnja na prolifErativnu aktivnost zdravih i malignih ćElija u in vitro sistEmima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34ThE INFlUENCE OF ElECTrOMAGNETIC rADIATION ON ThE PrOlIFErATIvE ACTIvITy OF NOrMAl AND MAlIGNANT CEllS IN IN vITrO SySTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

sadržajCONTENT

URBANA ŠUMA I ODRŽIVA GRADNJA ‣ URBAN FOREST & SUSTAINABLE BUILDING

novE mogućnosti povEćanja mrEžE zElEnih površina u novom sadu - zElEni zidovi i zElEni krovovi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38NEW POSSIBIlITIES FOr INCrEASED SUPPly OF GrEEN ArEA IN NOvI SAD - GrEEN rOOFS AND WAllS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

novE zElEnE inicijativE lokalnE politikE: grEEn faktor - administrativnE mogućnosti povEćanja zElEnih površina u novom sadu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40NEW GrEEN INITIATIvES lOCAl POlICy: GrEEN FACTOr - ADMINISTrATIvE INCrEASE ThE POSSIBIlITy OF GrEEN ArEAS IN NOvI SAD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

EE prEporukE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42EE rECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

hidrološkE karaktEristikE zEmljišta zaštićEnog dEla aluvijalnE ravni u okolini grada novog sada i izbor vrsta drvEća za pošumljavanjE prilaznih putEva gradu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44hyDrOlOGICAl ChArACTErISTICS OF SOIl IN ThE PrOTECTED PArT OF AllUvIAl PlAIN ArOUND ThE CITy OF NOvI SAD AND ThE SElECTION OF TrEE SPECIES FOr AFFOrESTATION OF ACCESS rOADS TO ThE CITy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

dEfinisanjE dinamikE uklanjanja prEstarElih stabala topola u novom sadu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46DEFINITION OF DyNAMICS rEGArDING ThE rEMOvAl OF OlD POPlAr TrEES IN NOvI SAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

izbor vrsta drvEća za ozElEnjavanjE dElova novog sada u zavisnosti od Edafsko - hidroloških uslova . . . . . . . . . . 48SElECTION OF TrEE SPECIES FOr ThE GrEENING OF NOvI SAD DEPENDING ON EDAPhyC-hyDrOlOGICAl CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Evaluacija stanja EkosistEma u novom sadu i okolini u cilju njihovog održivog korišćEnja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50EvAlUATION OF ThE ECOSySTEMS’ STATE IN NOvI SAD AND ITS SUrrOUNDINGS FOr ThEIr SUSTAINABlE USE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

ZRAČENJE ‣ RADIATION

problEmi ElEktromagnEtskog zagađEnja grada novog sada ElEktromagnEtskim poljima niskih frEkvEncija . . . . 54ExTrA lOW FrEqUENCy ElECTrOMAGNETIC FIElDS POllUTION PrOBlEMS IN CITy OF NOvI SAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

krEiranjE bazE podataka svih izvora nEjonizujućEg zračEnja od posEbnog intErEsa u radio-frEkvEncijskom opsEgu na tEritoriji grada novog sada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56CrEATION OF A DATABASE OF All NON-IONIZING rADIATION SOUrCES IN rADIO FrEqUENCy BAND IN ThE CITy OF NOvI SAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

razvoj intErnEt portala informacionE mrEžE za kontinualno i udaljEno ispitivanjE ElEktromagnEtskih polja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58DEvElOPMENT OF INTErNET POrTAl OF INFOrMATION NETWOrk FOr CONTINUAl AND rEMOTE INvESTIGATION OF ElECTrOMAGNETIC FIElDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

ispitivanjE izložEnosti ljudi magnEtskom polju trafostanica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60INvESTIGATION OF GENErAl PUBlIC ExPOSUrE TO ThE MAGNETIC FIElD OF DISTrIBUTION TrANSFOrMErS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

istraživanjE izolacionih svojstava matErijala za sprEčavanjE nagomilavanja radona u zatvorEnim stambEnim prostorijama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62rESEArCh ON ISOlATING PrOPErTIES OF MATErIAlS FOr PrEvENTING rADON BUIlD-UP IN ClOSED rESIDENTIAl ArEAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

procEna brzinE ErozijE zEmljišta na osnovu mErEnja koncEntracijE aktivnosti radionuklida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64ESTIMATION OF SOIl ErOSION rATE BASED ON ThE MEASUrEMENT OF ACTIvITy CONCENTrATION OF rADIONUClIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

INDUSTRIJA ‣ INDUSTRY

zaštita životnE srEdinE u oblasti grafičkE dElatnosti u gradu novom sadu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68GrAPhICAl ENGINEErING IN ThE CITy OF NOvI SAD: ENvIrONMENTAl PrOTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

korovskE vrstE grada novog sada – potEncijalni rEsurs za farmacEutsku industriju . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70WEED SPECIES OF NOvI SAD - A POTENTIAl rESOUrCE FOr PhArMACEUTICAl INDUSTry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

ENVIROSCIENCENS

Emergentne supstance (EmS) su sveprisutne, perzistentne i biološki aktivni polutanti, koji su rezultat prirodnih, industrijskih i ljudskih aktivnosti, a nisu uključeni u rutinske monitoring programe na EU nivou, ali moraju da budu regulisani u budućim zakonskim regulativama, zbog (eko)toksičnosti i potencijalnih ha-zardnih efekata na zdravlje i životnu sredinu. Širok spektar sintetskih hemikalija, koje su predviđene za upotrebu u industriji, poljoprivredi, farmaciji, veterini i kao potrošački proizvodi, predstavljaju opasnost za životnu sredinu i pripadaju familiji EmS i zahtevaju posebnu pažnju javnosti, struke i regulatornih tela. Niske doze EmS i efekat pseudo-perzistencije su prepoznati kao snažni hemijski i eko stresori na ukupnu biosferu sa nepoznatim toksičnim posledicama, ponašanjem i transportom kroz sve medijume životne sredine. Efekti niskih doza se registruju u pikomolarnom i nanomolarnom opsegu. EmS su najviše prisutne u otpadnim vodama i prirodnim recipijentima.

Dominantne fizičko-hemijske karakteristike koje su specifične za EmS su: efekti niskih doza, pseu-do-perzistentnost/perzistentnost, stabilna struktura, slaba degradabilnost, hidrofilnost i lipofilnost (log kow 0.6 – 6.2), biokoncentracija/bioakumulacija u akvatičnim organizmima, toksičnost sa hazardnim efektima, akutni, ali češće hronični efekti, endokrini su disruptori, suspektna teratogenost i kancerogenost, isparljive, neisparljive i poluisparljive supstance, polarni/nepolarni molekuli, kratak poluživot t1/2 i druge. EmS mogu da budu u neutralne, kisele, bazne, u jonskom i cviter jonskom stanju. Glavna fizička i hemijska svojstva okarakterisana su sledećim konstantama: protonacija (log pKa 9.6 – 2.5), koeficijent raspodele oktanol/voda (log Kow 0.35 – 6.02) i rastvorljivost (Sw od 1 * 106 mg/l do 0.02 mg/l). Primarnim, sekundarnim i tercijarnim tretmanima se EmS praktično ne uklanjaju (<20%). Sorpcija Em jedinjenja zavisi od ph. hemijske i fizičke karakteristike EmS (rastvorljivost, isparljivost/poluisparljivost, mogućnost adsorpcije, apsorpcije i biode-gradacije, polarnost, stabilnost, perzistencija) variraju u velikoj meri u zavisnosti od različitih molekulskih struktura i broja asimetričnih C atoma, od čega zavise i negativni toksični uticaji na životnu sredinu i ljudsko zdravlje. EmS pripadaju grupi poznatih hemijskih jedinjenja , ali koja su prepoznata kao toksična u skorije vreme, sa novim načinima upotrebe, novim hazardnim efektima, nedovoljno poznatim mehanizmima delo-vanja, izvorima i putevima izloženosti. Za mnoge EmS, trenutno postoji malo informacija o potencijalnom toksikološkom uticaju na ekosisteme, posebno dugotrajna ekspozicija biosistema niskim dozama. Sudbina i transport EmS u prirodnom akvatičnom sistemu su gotovo nepoznati, a posebno u kontekstu distribucije voda/zemljište/sediment i procesa raspodele. Pored NOrMAN liste (http://www.norman-network.net), koja definiše preko 750 različitih EmS, generalno se EmS mogu podeliti na: globalne kontaminante, industrijske hemikalije, supstance sa hormonskom aktivnošću i nano-materijale.

U izlaganju će biti istaknuti izazovi, specifičnosti, toksičnost i posledice EmS, kao što su fenomen efekta niskih doza, pseudo-perzistencija i novi pristupi negativnim efektima EmS na životnu sredinu, kao i prvi ori-ginalni preliminarni rezultati screening-a EmS u Dunavu u blizini Novog Sada, dobijenih u okviru nacionalnog i međunarodnog Projekta (III46009 i ESP.EAP.SFPP 984087).

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : emergentne supstance, pseudoperzistencija, efekat niskih doza, zaštita životne sredine

Z A H VA L N I C A : Istraživanja su podržana u okviru projekta Ministarstva prosvete i nauke, III46009 i medjunarodnog projekta ESP.EAP.SFPP 984087. Zahvaljujem se saradnicima na projektima, svojim studentima doktorskih studija, a posebno dipl. ing. master Neveni Šenk, PhD studentu.

Emergentne supstance u životnoj srediniIzazovi, specifičnosti, toksičnost i posledice

mirjana vojinović miloradovUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Departman za Inženjerstvo zaštite životne sredine i zaštite na radu

pozivna prEdavanja

Emerging substances (EmS) are ubiquite, persistent and biologicaly active contaminants/pollutants, that occur in the environment as a result of natural, industrial and human activities and are not included in the routine monitoring programmes at the EU level, but must be candidates for future regulation, due to their (eco) toxicity, potential hazard health effects. A wide range of man-made chemicals, designed for use in industry, agriculture, pharmacy, veterinary and as a consumer goods are of environmental concern because they belong to the family of emerging contaminants. EmS low doses and pseudopersistency effect are rec-ognized as a powerful chemical and eco stressors on total biosphere with unknown toxicology implication, fate, behavior and transport through all environment media. low doses effect is observed in the picomolar to nanomolar range. EmS are mostly present in waste and receiving waters.

The dominant physicochemical characteristics particularly specific for EmS are: low doses occurrence and effects, pseudo - persistency/persistency, stable structure, low/non degradability, hydrophilicity and li-pophilicity (log kow in the range of 0.6 – 6.2), bioconcentration/bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms, toxicity with hazardous effects, acute, but rather chronic effect, endocrine disruptors, suspected teratogenic and car-cinogenic consequence in low and sublow doses, volatile, non - or semivolatile compounds, polar/nonpolar molecules, with short half-lifes and others. EmS can be neutral, acidic, basic, and ionic or zwitter ionic state. Their main physical and chemical properties are characterized by following constants of: protonation (log pKa ) in range of 9.6 – 2.5, octanol–water partition coefficient (log Kow) in range 0.35 – 6.02 and solubility (Sw) in range from 1 * 106 mg/l to 0.02 mg/l. The sorption removal of EmS are quite low (<20%).

Sorption of Em compounds is in general ph dependent. Chemical and physical properties of EmS (sol-ubility, volatility/semivolatility, adsorbability, absorbability, biodegradability, polarity, stability, persistency) vary greatly depending on different molecular structures and number of asymmetric C atoms, which have great repercutions on biosystems, environment and human health. EmS belong to the old chemical classes which are newly recognized as well as the new chemical classes, new types of use, new effects, not well known mechanism of action, source or (way of introduction ) pathway of exposure. For most EmS, there is currently little information about their potential toxicological significance in ecosystems, particularly from long - term low - level environmental exposure. The fate and the transport of EmS in natural aquatic media are practically unknown, especially in context of water/soil/sediment distribution and partitioning process-es. NOrMAN list defines over 750 different EmS, and generally EmS could be divided in: global pollutants, industrial chemicals, hormone disrupting substances and nano-materials.

In this presentation we would like to emphasize challenges, specificity, toxicity and consequences of EmS, such as the new phenomena of effects of low doses, pseudo-persistency and the new approaches to their negative environmental effects, as well as the first original preliminary screening results of the occurrence of EmS in the river Danube in the vicinity of Novi Sad, obtained by our research activities within international Project.

K E Y W O R D S : emerging substances, pseudopersistency, low doses effect, environmental protection

A K N O W L E D G M E N T : The results of this research are supported by Ministry of Education and Science of Republic of Serbia, Project No. III46009, and International Project ESP.EAP.SFPP 984087. I would like to thank project collegues, PhD students on projects.

Emerging substances in environmentChallenges, specificity, toxicity and consequences

mirjana vojinović miloradovUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environemntal Engineering and Occupational Safety and health

invitEd lEcturEs

‣ 1

ENVIROSCIENCENS

Novi Sad je jedan od najpoželjnijih gradova za život u Srbiji. Tome doprinosi ne samo multinacionalni i multikulturalni karakter grada, već i primerena briga o zdravoj okolini i dobrobiti stanovništva. Jedan od značajnih pokazatelja ove brige je i broj gradskih projekata posvećenih borbi protiv zagadjenja, pa i elektro-magnetskog (EM) zagadjenja koje neminovno donosi ubrzani tehnološki napredak u Gradu. Gradska uprava za zaštitu životne sredine je preuzela odgovornost za upravljanje rizikom od EM polja na teritoriji Grada. EM polja mogu da direktno deluju na ljudski organizam, kompormituju čovekove odbrambene mehanizme, izazovu nesanicu, nervozu, dugotrajan strah, pa i bolest kao karcinom. Uz to, EM polja mogu postati značajan faktor u ceni nekretnina [1]. Stoga, Gradska uprava podržava praćenje najznačajnijih izvora EM polja. Globalni monitoring odvija se preko mreže bežičnih senzora [2]. Prate se izvori visokofrekventnih (vF) polja iz domena mobilne telefonije. Takodje, iz domena niskih frekvencija (NF) prate se intenziteti električnih i magnetskih polja u blizini dalekovoda i transformatora. Nacionalno zakonodavstvo je izradom Pravilnika o granicama izlaganja nejonizujućim zračenjima uredilo ovu oblast [3]. Ipak, u praksi su se u primeni ovog zakona poka-zale nedoumice [4]. Gradska uprava podržava rad Fakuteta tehničkih nauka (FTN) na primeni i poboljšanju ovog pravilnika.

Iz rezultata merenja EM polja, kako NF izvora, tako i vF izvora, identifikovani su značajni izvori i orga-nizovano njihovo kontinuirano praćenje.

Procena rizika od EM polja je u velikom broju sredina u svetu prepuštena gradovima i lokalnim zajed-nicama. Za procenu i upravljanje rizikom od EM polja neophodni su pouzdani podaci o postojećim nivoima i predikcija nivoa pri unošenju svakog novog značajnog izvora EM polja na teritoriju grada. Gradska uprava za zaštitu životne sredine je preuzela ovu važnu funkciju na teritoriji Grada Novog Sada.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : praćenje izvora električnih i magnetskih polja, izloženost stanovništva u gradu

R E F E R E N C E

[1] www.foti.co.rs

[2] http://semont.ftn.uns.ac.rs

[3] Pravilnik o granicama izlaganja nejonizujućim zračenjima, Sl. glasnik rS br. 104/09.

[4] http://www.telekomunikacije.rs/arhiva_brojeva/sedmi_broj/doc_dr_anamarija_juhas,_mr_miodrag_milutinov,_prof_dr_neda_pekaric-naz:_iskustva_u_primeni_nacionalnih_pravilnika_o_nejonizujucim_zracenjima.388.html

pozivna prEdavanja

značaj i iskustva u praćenju nivoa Em polja u okruženju

neda pekarić nađ, Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Departman za energetiku, elektroniku i telekomunikacije, katedra za teorijsku elektrotehniku

aleksandra jovanović galović, Gradska uprava za zaštitu životne sredine, grad Novi Sad

Novi Sad is one of the most desirable towns in Serbia to live in. This is true, not only due to the multi-national and multicultural heritage of the town, but also due to the attention that the city authorities pay to the health of the environment and the general population wellbeing. One of the indicators of this care is the number of the projects financed in order to monitor different kinds of pollution in the city. Part of the projects include so called electromagnetic fields (EMF) pollution. The EMF are inevitable consequence of the city modernization and technological prosperity. City Administration for Environmental Protection has the re-sponsibility to control the EMF in the city. As suggested by many international studies, the EMF may influence human health, affect immune system and defense mechanisms, provoke insomnia, neurosis, panic, even diseases such as cancer. On the other side, the EMF became an important factor in the real estate value [1]. For these reasons, the City authorities monitor the most significant EMF sources at the city territory. Global monitoring should be introduced using wireless sensors [2]. high frequency (hF) EMF sources are mainly represented by antennas of mobile telephony base stations. low frequency (lF) EMF sources are mainly represented by power lines and transformers. The permissible levels of the EMF are defined by the Serbian national rule [3]. Still, there are many questions about the EMF evaluation to be resolved [4]. City Adminis-tration for Environmental Protection is also financially supporting the Faculty of technical sciences to explore the conditions for application and improve the rule.

The results of the EMF measurements at the city territory are gathered both in the hF and lF domain. The significant EMF sources are indentified and continually monitored. Everywhere in Europe and worldwide the towns and the local communities are authorized to follow the EMF situation, evaluate the possible risk and adopt specific permissible levels for their respective territories. In order to do so, decision makers rely on good quality EMF measurements and reliable models to predict the influence of every additional significant EMF source at the territory of interest. City Administration plays this important role for the City of Novi Sad.

K E Y W O R D S : tracking of electric and magnetic field sources, general public exposure

R E F E R E N C E S

[1] www.foti.co.rs

[2] http://semont.ftn.uns.ac.rs

[3] Pravilnik o granicama izlaganja nejonizujućim zračenjima, Sl. glasnik rS br. 104/09.

[4] http://www.telekomunikacije.rs/arhiva_brojeva/sedmi_broj/doc_dr_anamarija_juhas,_mr_miodrag_milutinov,_prof_dr_neda_pekaric-naz:_iskustva_u_primeni_nacionalnih_pravilnika_o_nejonizujucim_zracenjima.388.html

invitEd lEcturEs

importance and experiences in the municipal Emf level tracking

neda pekarić nađ, Faculty of technical sciences, University of Novi Sad, Department for energy, electronics and telecommunications, Cathedra for fundamental electrotechnics

aleksandra jovanović galović, City Administration for Environmental Protection, City of Novi Sad

2 ‣ 3

ENVIROSCIENCENS

Povećana potrošnja naftnih derivata kao posledica povećanja obima saobraćaja u gradovima Srbije rezu-ltirala je povećanjem emisije štetnih gasova i pogoršanjem kvaliteta vazduha. Procenjuje se da u atmosferi gradova približno 91% ugljenmonoksida potiče iz mobilnih izvora, 56% azotnih oksida, 10% čestica i oko 50% ugljendioksida.

Emisija polutanata poreklom od saobraćaja zavisi od obima saobraćaja, strukture saobraćajnog toka, starosti voznog parka, ali i od gustine izgrađenosti urbanog područja i meteoroloških uslova. ključni pre-duslovi višeparametarske i multidisciplinarne analize uticaja saobraćaja na kvalitet vazduha su softverska tehnologija i kvalitetne (primenljive) baze ulaznih podataka. Zahvaljujući nizu istraživanja u uticajnim oblasti-ma i primeni savremene tehnologije za merenja i čuvanje podataka, u Novom Sadu su stvoreni uslovi za preciznije procene uticaja na kvalitet vazduha.

U ovom izlaganju prikazani su rezultati prve faze rada na projektu „Analiza uticaja saobraćaja u Novom Sadu na emisiju NО2 i PM10 i obuka kadrova gradske uprave“. Primenom savremenog softvera, analiziran je uticaj saobraćaja na nivo emisije NО2 i PM10 na najprometnijim saobraćajnicama u gradu (Bulevar oslo-bođenja, Jevrejska ulica, Bulevar cara lazara, Partizanska i ulica kornelija Stankovića) u funkciji stepena izgrađenosti i meteoroloških uslova u Novom Sadu.

Akcenat je stavljen na prikupljanje ulaznih podataka za primenu softvera, njihovu obradu i pripremu za simulaciju. Osim prikaza i analize izlaznih rezultata simulacije u zaključnim razmatranjima se ističe višestru-ki značaj projekata ove vrste:

‣ multidisciplinarni pristup i sinhronizovani rad različitih gradskih struktura i naučnoistraživačkih institucija;‣ primena rezultata u izradi akcionih planova poboljšanja kvaliteta vazduha;‣ mogućnost testiranja različitih instrumenata saobraćajne politike na nivo emisije zagađujućih materija i

definisanje strategije razvoja koja podrazumeva održivost saobraćajnog i sveobuhvatnog urbanog sistema.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : aerozagađenje, saobraćajni tok, korišćenje zemljišta, simulacija

aerozagađenje u funkciji parametara saobraćaja, korišćenja zemljišta i meteoroloških uslova

valentina basarić, vuk bogdanović, ratomir vračarević, jelena mitrović, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka

vladimir đorić, jadranka jović, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Saobraćajni fakultet Beograd;

pozivna prEdavanja

Increase in traffic volumes in the Serbian cities resulted in the ascending fuel consumption which led to higher air pollution emission levels and air quality deterioration. The estimations are that in the urban atmo-sphere, approximately 91% of carbon monoxide comes from mobile sources, 56% of nitrogen oxides, 10% of particulate matter and 50% of carbon dioxide.

Emissions related to traffic depend on the traffic volumes, the traffic flow structure, fleet age, but also urban housing densities and meteorological conditions. Major prerequisites for multidisciplinary and mul-tiparameter analysis of the impact of traffic on air quality are the software technology and high quality (ap-plicable) input databases. A series of studies conducted in Novi Sad and the use of modern technology for measuring and storing data enabled better assessment of the impacts on air quality.

The results of the first phase of the project “Analysis of the impact of traffic in Novi Sad on NO2 and PM10 emissions and training of city administration personnel” are presented. Applying professional software, we estimated the influence of traffic on NO2 and PM10 emissions at the most heavily congested city streets in the city (Oslobođenje Boulevard, Jevrejska Streets, Boulevard Cara lazara, Partizanska and kornelija Stankov-ića Street) based on surrounding housing and meteorological conditions in Novi Sad.

Input data collection and processing and preparation for simulation were emphasized. Besides the dis-play and analysis of simulation outputs the importance of these types of projects was stressed in conclu-sions:

‣ A multidisciplinary approach and synchronized operation of various city and research institutions;‣ Application of the results in the development of air quality plans;‣ Testing of different transport policy measures on air pollution emission and definition of sustainable devel-

opment strategy of transportation and comprehensive urban system.

K E Y W O R D S : air pollution, traffic volume, land use, simulation

air pollution in relation to traffic flow conditions, land use and meteorological parameters

valentina basarić, vuk bogdanović, ratomir vračarević, jelena mitrović, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Science

vladimir đorić, jadranka jović, University of Belgrade , Faculty of Traffic and Transport Engineering

invitEd lEcturEs

4 ‣ 5

ENVIROSCIENCENS

Perzistentni organski polutanti (POPs) su grupa toksičnih i hazardnih organskih jedinjenja, koja se dug vremenski period zadržava u okruženju, bioakumulira u lipidnim tkivima živih organizama, biomagnifikuje i predstavlja rizik po humanu populaciju i životnu sredinu. S obzirom na to da se POPs akumuliraju u zemljištu, a vazduh predstavlja osnovni medij transporta i dominantan način unosa jedinjenja u organizam čoveka, raspodela između atmosfere i površinskih slojeva zemljišta od ključnog je značaja za oblast zaštite životne sredine. U okvru Projekta, po prvi put je realizovan monitoring distribucije PCBs, OCPs i PAhs između atmos-fere i površinskih slojeva zemljišta na urbanim, industrijskim i „background“ (prigradskim) lokalitetima gra-da Novog Sada primenom pasivne metode za uzorkovanje (PAS). Osnovne karakteristike PAS jesu tehnička jednostavnost i ekonomska isplativost, dok podaci dobijeni ovim načinom uzorkovanja pružaju informacije o procesu kontaminacije ambijentalnog vazduha u dugom vremenskom periodu perzistentnim organskim polutantima na velikom broju odabranih tačaka kao i novu mogućnost dugotrajnog prostorno širokog moni-toringa. Tokom uzorkovanja PAS-om, vazduh slobodno struji oko sorpcionog medijuma, filtera, uzorkivača, uređajima nije potrebno električno napajanje. Određeni koncentracioni nivoi omogućavaju informaciju o pri-marnim izvorima emisije kao i tipu i karakteristikama jedinjenja. U okviru Projekta, na teritoriji grada Novog Sada, utvrđen je trend prostornih i sezonskih varijacija koncentracija POPs u medijumima vazduh/zemljište. Na osnovu koncentracionih nivoa, utvrđen je specifičan tip lokalne distribucije i razmene molekula POPs iz-među površinskih slojeva zemljišta i ambijentalnog vazduha. Nivoi atmosferske kontaminacije dobijeni PAS metodom upoređeni su sa rezultatima konvencionalne hi-vol (visokozapreminske) metodologije, i pokazali su potpunu korelaciju. Na teritoriji grada Novog Sada, lokacije uzorkovanja selektovane su na osnovu uda-ljenosti od potencijalnog izvora emisije POPs i prema posebnom značaju koje ima za lokalno stanovništvo. Selektovani su: Naselje Šangaj (lok. N2) i Centar grada (lok. N3).

Na lokalitetu N2 koncentracioni nivoi PCB kreću se u opsegu od 0,010 ng/m3 (PCB180) do 0.183 ng/m3 (PCB101), dok je najviša registrovana ukupna koncentracija PCB kongenera na ovom lokalitetu iznosila SPCB=0.520 ng/m3. Na lokalitetu N3 koncentracioni nivoi PCB kreću se opsegu od 0,001 ng/m3 (PCB180) do 0.178 ng/m3 (PCB52), dok je najviša registrovana ukupna koncentracija PCB kongenera na ovom lokalitetu iznosila SPCB=0.358 ng/m3.

Na lokalitetu N2 (naselje Šangaj, neposredna blizina rafinerije nafte Novi Sad), koncentracioni nivoi PAh kreću se opsegu od 0,026 ng/m3 (dibenzo(ah)antracen) do 6,927 ng/m3 (fenantren), dok ukupna koncentra-cija PAh iznosi SPAh=13,995 ng/m3.

Na lokalitetu N3 (centar grada), koncentracioni nivoi PAh kreću se opsegu od 0,028 ng/m3 (dibenzo(ah)antracen) do 4,847 ng/m3 (fenantren), dok ukupna koncentracija PAh iznosi SPAh=13,217 ng/m3. Na lokali-tetu N2 i N3 detektovane su rezidualne količine lindana i DDT-a i njegovih metabolita.

Ovakav tip istraživanja koji je od vitalnog značaja za procenu stepena ekspozicije lokalnog stanovništva, po prvi put je sproveden na teritoriji grada Novog Sada i Srbije.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : perzistentni organski polutanti, Novi Sad, metod pasivnog uzorkovanja vazduha, urbana i industrijska zona

IDENTIFIKACIJA I KVANTIFIKACIJA KONCENTRACIONIH NIVOA PERZISTENTNIH ORGANSKIH POLUTANATA (POPS) U AMBIJENTALNOM VAZDUHU I ZEMLJIŠTU NA TERITORIJI GRADA NOVOG SADA

mirjana vojinovic miloradov, jelena radonić, maja turk sekulić, milena stošićUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Departman za inženjerstvo zaštite životne sredine i zaštite na radu

Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, Novi Sadkontakt: [email protected]

G O D I N A : 2010.

vAZDUh, vODA I ZEMlJIŠTE8 ‣ 9

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are toxic and hazardous organic substances that persist in the en-vironment, bioaccumulate in the biotic tissue, biomagnificate, pose a risk to environment and cause adverse effects to human health. With soil being the major sink and air being the primary vector leading to human exposure, the distribution of POPs between soil and air is of crucial importance for the human risk posed by POPs in the environment. POPs comprises congeners of PCBs, DDT and metabolites, organoclorines and polibromated diphenil ethers (PBDEs).

This Project presents the first attempt to monitor the critical distribution of PCBs, OCPs and PAhs in the atmosphere and surface layer of a soil at the urban/industrial/„background“ sites of Novi Sad using a pas-sive sampler network. Passive air samplers (PAS) are cheap and simple tools that have been successfully employed for assessing air concentrations of POPs over large regions. The practical reason PAS method is useful is because the sorption media (filter) accumulate chemicals via diffusion and sorption, not requireing electricity or any other power source to operate. Information obtained from sampling campaigns by PAS method helps to address questions regarding sources of POPs, their spatial pattern and chemical signature. Within the Project temporal and spatial trends of the POPs levels in ambient air and soil were estimated. Based on the obtained results specific type of local distribution and air/soil exchange of POPs were deter-mined. Current atmospheric levels of selected POPs measured using PAS method were compared to those of previous conventional high volume sampling campaigns. Passive sampler derived ambient air concentra-tions were consistent with previous high volume sampling campaigns of POPs conducted in Novi Sad.

The sampling locations in Novi Sad were selected in relation to the distance from the potential source of POPs and according to the importance of location for the local population. Selected locations were: Šangaj, industrial area (loc. N2), and City center, urban area (loc. N3)

On site N2, concentration levels od PCB are in range of 0,010 ng/m3 (PCB180) - 0.183 ng/m3 (PCB101), while total concentration of PCB congeners was SPCB=0.520 ng/m3.

On site N3 concentration levels of PCB are in range from 0,001 ng/m3 (PCB180) - 0.178 ng/m3 (PCB52), while total concentration of PCB congeners was SPCB=0.358 ng/m3.

levels of PAh on N2 site were in range from 0,026 ng/m3 (dibenzo (a, h) anthracene) - 6,927 ng/m3 (phenanthrene). Total SPAh=13,995 ng/m3.

levels of PAh on N3 site were in range from 0,028 ng/m3 (dibenzo (a, h) anthracene) - 4,847 ng/m3 (phenanthrene). Total concentration of PAh is SPAh=13,217 ng/m3. lindane residues, DDT and metabolites were detected on both sites (N2, N3).

This type of research monitoring was performed for the first time in Novi Sad and Serbia.

K E Y W O R D S : persistent organic polutants, Novi Sad, passive air sampling method, urban and industrial area

IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF RESIDUES OF PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLUTANTS (POPS) IN AMBIENT AIR AND SOIL ON TERRITORY AND SURROUNDING AREA OF NOVI SAD

mirjana vojinovic miloradov, jelena radonić, maja turk sekulić, milena stošićUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department for Environmental Engineering and Safety at work

Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, Novi Sad contact: [email protected]

Y E A R : 2010

AIr, WATEr & SOIl

ENVIROSCIENCENS

Cilj projekta je utvrđivanje potencijala formiranja biofilma od strane aerobnih mezofilnih i psihrotolerantnih bakte-rija u distribucionom sistemu vode za piće grada Novog Sada. Projekat se realizuje u periodu od tri godine, tj. od 2010. do 2012. godine

rezultati su pokazali da u distribucionom sistemu dominiraju mezofilne nefermentišuće Gram negativne štapićaste bakterije i Gram pozitivne koke, kao i psihrofilni Gram negativni i Gram pozitivni štapići, uključujući i sporogene pred-stavnike. Među izolovanim bakterijama najčešće su one iz rodova Methylobacterium, Chryseobacterium, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Aquabacterium, Budvicia, Klebsiella i drugih. Mnogi od ovih rodova su opor-tunistički patogeni, a za rodove Methylobacterium i Chryseobacterium voda predstavlja glavni rezervoar. vrste ova dva roda se ne detektuju standardnim metodama u vodi za piće, kao ni u patološkom materijalu. Izolacija bakterija iz rodova Aquabacterium i Acinetobacter je od izuzetnog značaja, pošto ove bakterije predstavljaju opšte indikatore prisustva biofilma u distribucionim sistemima vode za piće.

Svi do sada izolovani sojevi pokazuju umeren do visok stepen autoagregacije i adhezije za ugljovodonik ksilol, posebno nakon duže inkubacije u niskonutritivnim podlogama, što ukazuje na njihov dobar potencijal stvaranja mi-krokolonija i adhezije za hidrofobne površine. većina izolovanih bakterija je aktivno pokretna, a mnogi sojevi poseduju mogućnost produkcije ekstracelularnih polimernih supstanci važnih u procesu adhezije.

kvalitet biofilma u najvećoj meri zavisi od temperature, zatim od koncentracije hranljivih materija, a znatno manje od dužine inkubacije tokom koje se formira. Gram negativni štapići formirali su veću količinu biofilma u poređenju sa gram pozitivnim kokama i štapićima u svima uslovima kultivacije. većina izolovanih sojeva ima znatno bolji potencijal formiranja biofilma na 26oC nego na 37oC, pri čemu je količina formiranog biofilma znatno veća u niskonutritivnim, nego u visokokonutritivnim podlogama. količina biofilma psihrotolerantnih bakterija formiranog na 10oC bila je signifikantno manja u poređenju sa onom dobijenom na 26 i 37oC. Dakle, formiranje biofilma se može očekivati u delovima mreže gde je temperatura između 10o i 26oC, a sojevi koji dominiraju su prilagođeni rastu u niskonutritivnim sredinama, kakva je voda distribucionog sistema.

Ispitivanje mogućnosti formiranja multispecijskog biofilma pokazalo je da prvenstveno Chryseobacterium, ali i Methylobacterium, predstavljaju povezujuće (eng. bridging) bakterije u biofilmu sastavljenom od različitih izolata iz vode distribucione mreže. vrste roda Micrococcus nemaju uticaja na količinu i kvalitet formiranog biofilma. S druge strane, bakterije roda Bacillus pokazuju veoma negativan efekat na formiranje multispecijskog biofilma, što je od izu-zetnog značaja s obzirom da su vrste ovog roda najčešće iskultivisane bakterije u monitoringu mikrobiološkog kvaliteta vode za piće standardnim metodama.

Molekularne analize genomske DNk Gram negativnih bakterija ukazale su da ni jedan izolovani soj nije bio klo-nalno identičan, bez obzira na prostornu i vremensku dinstancu njihove izolacije. Ovo je u skladu sa činjenicom da je distribucioni sistem oligotrofna sredina, ali i ukazuje na nepostojanje jedinstvene žarišne tačke u mreži koja predstavlja rezervoar bakterija. Drugim rečima, postoji više odvojenih, lokalnih tačaka u mreži u kojima se formira biofilm.

Bakterije prisutne u distribucionoj mreži poseduju visok stepen rezistencije na dezinficijense i umerenu osetljivost na antibiotike. rezistencija Gram negativnih štapićastih bakterija na cefalosporine i Gram pozitivnih koka na makrolide relativno se često detektuje, dok se rezistencija na tetracikline i aminoglikozide detektuje znatno ređe.

Dosadašnja istraživanja ukazuju na postojanje bakterija producenata biofilma u distribucionoj mreži vode za piće grada Novog Sada, kao i na prisustvo oportunističkih patogena. Trenutna situacija nije alarmantna, ali zahteva dalje praćenje.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : heterotrofne bakterije, biofilm, voda za piće

POTENCIJAL FORMIRANJA BIOFILMA U DISTRIBUTIVNOM SISTEMU GRADA NOVOG SADA

petar knežević, verica aleksić, milivoje petrušić, olga petrovićUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Departman za biologiju i ekologiju


G O D I N A : 2010-2011.


The aim of the project is to determine biofilm forming potential of arobic mesophilic and psychrotolerant bacteria isolat-ed from drinking water distribution system of the city of Novi Sad. The project implementation covers the period 2010-1012.

The results show that mesophilic Gram negative rod-shaped bacteria and Gram positive cocci, as well as psychrotol-erant Gram negative and Gram positive rods, including spore forming representatives dominate in the distribution system. Among the most commonly isolated bacteria are those from the genera Methylobacterium, Chryseobacterium, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Aquabacterium, Budvicia, Klebsiella etc. Many of these bacteria are opportunistic pathogens, and for the genera Methylobacterium and Chryseobacterium water is the main reservoir. The two genera cannot be detected by standard methods either in drinking water or pathological material. Isolation of bacteria from the genera Acinetobacter and Aquabacterium is of great importance, since the bacteria are common indicators of biofilm presence in drinking water distribution systems.

All strains isolated to date have showed moderate to high degree of autoaggregation and adhesion to hydrocarbons, particularily after prolonged incubation in low nutritive media, which indicates their good potential to develop microcolonies and adhere to hydrophobic surfaces. Most of the isolated bacteria are motile, and many strains have the ability to produce extracellular polymeric substances important for their adhesion.

The quality of the biofilm depends largely on the temperature, on less extent on the concentration of nutrients, and to a lesser extent on duration of incubation. Gram negative rods formed a larger amount of biofilm compared to Gram positive rods and cocci under various conditions of cultivation. Most of isolates show considerably better production of biofilms at 26 than 37oC, with the significantly higher amount of biofilm formed in low nutritive than in high nutritive media. The amount of biofilm formed by psychrotolerant bacteria at 10oC was significantly lower compared to those obtained at 26 and 37oC. Thus, biofilm formation can be expected in parts of the drinking water distributive system where the temperature is between 10o

and 26oC. In addition, the detected dominant strains are well adapted to growth in low nutritive environments, which is the case with the drinking water distribution system.

Examination of multispecies biofilm formation has showed that Chryseobacterium primarily, along with Methylobacteri-um, are bridging bacteria in the biofilms formed by different isolates from the drinking water distribution network. Micrococ-cus species have no impact on the amount and quality of formed biofilms. On the other hand, bacteria of the genus Bacillus show a negative effect on multispecies biofilm formation, which is of great importance regarding the fact that species of this genus are most commonly cultivated bacteria using standard procedures in monitoring of the drinking water microbiological quality.

Molecular analysis of genomic DNA of Gram negative bacteria indicate that none of the isolated strain was clonaly identical, regardless of the spatial and temporal distance of their isolation. This is consistent with the fact that the distribu-tion system is an oligotrophic environment, but also indicates the lack of a single focal point in the network representing a reservoir of bacteria. In other words, there are a number of separate, local points in the system where biofilms are formed.

The bacteria present in the distribution network have a high degree of resistance to disinfectants and moderate sensitiv-ity to antibiotics. resistance of Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria to cephalosporins and Gram positive cocci to macrolides was relatively frequent, while the resistance to tetracyclines and aminoglycosides was sparsely detected.

The present study indicates the existence of bacteria capable of forming biofilms in the drinking water distribution sys-tem of the city of Novi Sad, as well as the presence of opportunistic pathogens. The current situation is not alarming, but requires further monitoring.

K E Y W O R D S : heterotrofic bacteria, biofilm, drinking water

BIOFILM FORMING POTENTIAL IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF THE CITY OF NOVI SAD

petar knežević, verica aleksić, milivoje petrušić, olga petrovićUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of sciences, Departmenet of Biology and Ecology

Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sadcontact: [email protected]

Y E A R : 2010-2011

AIr, WATEr & SOIl

ENVIROSCIENCENS

Cilj projekta je bio da se u zoni sva tri izvorišta grada Novog Sada (Petrovaradinska ada, ratno ostrvo, Štrand) ispita kvalitet vode i sedimenta u Dunavu u cilju identifikacije mogućeg zagađenja sirove vode u izvo-rištu i definisanje preventivnih i korektivnih mera zaštite izvorišta. Budući da sediment predstavlja dinamičku komponentu sistema sediment-voda i rezervoar je neorganskih i organskih zagađujućih materija, neophodno je imati uvid u njegov kvalitet. Infiltracija dunavske vode u podzemlje i dospevanje do vode reni-bunara se vrši kroz sediment Dunava. Zbog toga je istraživanje uticaja okoline na kvalitet vode u izvorištu išao u dva pravca: ispitivanje kvaliteta vode i sedimenta Dunava i ispitivanje otpadnih voda na toksične komponente, a čiji se izlivi nalaze u zoni izvorišta (izlivi otpadnih voda grada Novog Sada GC-1 i GC-2).

kvalitet vode Dunava spada u I/II klasu. Povremeno po nekim parametrima dolazi do odstupanja. kvalitet vode Dunava prema sadržaju deterdženata je III/Iv klasa, dok su svi ostali ispitivani parametri u okviru I/II klase. kvalitet gradskih otpadnih voda je znatno lošiji od kvaliteta Dunava i pokazuje diskontinualnu pojavu pojedinih polutanata, što prvenstveno zavisi od privredne aktivnosti. Pored stalnog prisustva visokih koncen-tracija ukupnih ugljovodonika i mineralnih ulja, u otpadnim vodama povremeno se pojavljuju više koncen-tracije bakra, olova, cinka, nikla, hroma, BTEx, trihloretilena, dihlorbenzena i dr. voda Dunava je u letnjem periodu Iv klasa kod Štranda prema ukupnim koliformima (avgust) i III klasa kod Petrovaradinske ade prema ukupnim koliformima i E.coli (septembar).

Polovina uzoraka sedimenta je klasifikovana kao zagađeni sediment, od čega više od polovine (56%) zahteva remedijaciju. Glavni problem predstavlja prisustvo visokih koncentracija mineralnih ulja u sedimen-tu, koja u 94% uzoraka definišu klasu sedimenta, u uzorku Š/rB-1 klasu definiše grupa pesticida DDT/DDD/DDE, a povremeno sa mineralnim uljima klasu definišu lindan, Cd, Ni i Cu. Prema broju zagađenih uzoraka najbolji je kvalitet sedimenta na Petrovaradinskoj adi.

kvalitet podzemnih voda izvorišta. U podzemnoj vodi izvorišta „Štrand“ i “Petrovaradinska ada” nađene su visoke koncentracije vinil-hlorida, izuzetno kancerogenog jedinjenja. Postojećim tehnološkim procesom pripreme vode za piće nije moguće uklanjanje navedenih zagađujućih materija, a vinil-hlorid se samo deli-mično uklanja aeracijom. Podzemna voda izvorišta “Štrand” je mikrobiološki neispravna, a uzrok neisprav-nosti najčešće su koliformne i fekalne koliformne bakterije. U zbirnoj sirovoj vodi iz bunara sa izvorišta.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : voda za piće, zagađenje izvorišta, zagađenje sedimenta, organski polutanti, mikrobiologija

ISTRAŽIVAČKI MONITORING VODE I SEDIMENATA DUNAVA U ZONI IZVORIŠTA VODE ZA PIĆE GRADA NOVOG SADA

božo dalmacija, srđan rončević, olga petrović, ljiljana rajić, jelena molnar, marijana kragulj, snežana maletić, jelica simeunović, petar knežević, dejan krčmar, vesna pešić, milena bečelić-tomin, malcolm alexander Watson, aleksandra tubić, milena dalmacija, jasmina agbaba, jelena tričković, svetlana ugarčina-perovićUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Departman za hemiju, biohemiju i zaštitu životne sredine


G O D I N A : 2009.


The project objective was to investigate the quality of water and sediment in the Danube near all three drinking water sources for Novi Sad (Petrovaradinska ada, ratno ostrvo, Štrand), in order to identify poten-tial contamination of the raw water sources and define preventive and corrective measures to protect the sources. Sediment is a dynamic component of the sediment-water system, and can act as a reservoir for inorganic and organic pollutants, so it is necessary to investigate its quality. Water from the Danube and the groundwater entering the ranney wells through the sediment of the Danube. This study of the environmental water quality in the spring therefore went in two directions: testing the quality of the water and sediment of the Danube and testing the composition of toxic wastewater which is discharged near the water sources (urban wastewater effluents of Novi Sad GC-1 and GC-2).

Danube water quality falls within class I/II class, with some occasional discrepancies depending upon the parameter. According to the detergents content, the Danube water is class III/Iv class, while all other parameters are in class I/II. The quality of urban wastewater is much worse than the quality of the Danube, with large time-dependent variations, mainly due to economic activity. In addition to the continuing presence of high concentrations of total hydrocarbons and mineral oil in the wastewater, higher concentrations occa-sionally occur of copper, lead, zinc, nickel, chromium, BTEx, trichlorethylene, dichlorobenzene, and others. During the summer, the Danube water at Štrand was class Iv for total coliforms (August), and was class III at Petrovaradinska ada for total coliforms and E.coli (September).

half the sediment samples are classified as contaminated, and more than half (56%) of those require remediation. The main problem is the presence of high concentrations of mineral oil in the sediment, which defines the class of sediment in 94% of the samples. The class of sample Š/rB-1 is defined by the group of DDT/DDD/DDE pesticides, and some sample classes are defined by lindane, Cd, Ni and Cu. According to the number of contaminated samples, the best quality sediment is from the Petrovaradinska ada.

The quality of groundwater sources. At groundwater sources “Strand” and “Petrovaradin ada”, high con-centrations of vinyl chloride were found, extremely carcinogenic compounds. Existing water treatment pro-cesses are not able to remove these pollutants, as vinyl chloride may only be partially removed by aeration. The groundwater source “Strand” is microbiologically unsafe, commonly failing to satisfy quality criteria for coliform and fecal coliform bacteria. In general, the raw water from the wells in “Petrovaradin ada” and “ratno ostrvo” occasionally exceeds the limits allowed in drinking water for mineral oil content.

K E Y W O R D S : drinking water, water sources pollution, sediment pollution, organic pollutants, microbiology

RESEARCH MONITORING OF THE WATER AND SEDIMENT OF THE DANUBE NEAR THE DRINKING WATER SOURCES OF NOVI SAD

božo dalmacija, srđan rončević, olga petrović, ljiljana rajić, jelena molnar, marijana kragulj, snežana maletić, jelica simeunović, petar knežević, dejan krčmar, vesna pešić, milena bečelić-tomin, malcolm alexander Watson, aleksandra tubić, milena dalmacija, jasmina agbaba, jelena tričković, svetlana ugarčina-perovićUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of sciences, Department of chemistry, biochemistry and environmental protection


Y E A R : 2009

AIr, WATEr & SOIl

ENVIROSCIENCENS

Oznaka BTEx predstavlja akronim za: eng. Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene i xylenes. Ova jedinjenja su značajni zagađivači podzemne vode i poslednjih godina im se pridaje velik značaj u oblasti zaštite životne sredine. Obično se nalaze blizu objekata za eksploataciju nafte i prirodnog gasa, benzinskih pumpi kao i svih drugih lokacija koje poseduju rezervoare za čuvanje naftnih proizvoda. BTEx supstance koje se nađu u životnoj sredini curenjem iz rezervoara, mogu da: evaporišu (ispare), rastvore se u vodenoj fazi zemljišta, adsorbuju se na čestice zemljišta i biološki se razgrade.

Cilj Projekta je bio da se u toku 2009. ispita prisustvo BTEx supstanci u zemljištu i podzemnoj vodi u blizini dve stanice za točenje goriva NIS a.d. Novi Sad: NIS Novi Sad xI (»Mala pečurka« - Bulevar Cara la-zara bb, Novi Sad) i u blizini benzinske stanice NIS Novi Sad Iv (Futoški put 93d, Novi Sad) a u toku 2010., da se ispita prisustvo BTEx supstanci u zemljištu i podzemnoj vodi u blizini benzinske pumpe x, NIS Novi Sad, Sentandrejski put bb.

Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da postoji prisustvo ovih jedinjenja u zemljištu, međutim dobijene koncentraci-je su znatno niže od koncentracija koje bi zahtevale remedijaciju. Ova studija predstavlja početak istraživanja sadržaja BTEx u zemljištu i podzemnoj vodi. Obazirući se na iskustvo drugih zemalja, ova istraživanja treba da budu prioritet u nacionalnom programu.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : BTEX, zemljište, benzinske stanice.

MONITORING ZEMLJIŠTA I PODZEMNE VODE U BLIZINI BENZINSKIH PUMPI

jordana ninkov, petar sekulić, tijana zeremski, jovica vasin, stanko milić, livija maksimović, nada ostojićInstitut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo

Maksima Gorkog 30, Novi Sadkontakt: [email protected]

G O D I N A : 2009-2010.


BTEx is an acronym for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes. These compounds are major pol-lutants of groundwater and they received great attention in recent years in the field of environmental pro-tection. They are found near facilities for oil and natural gas drills, gas stations and other locations with tanks for storage of petroleum-based products. BTEx substances are found in the natural environment in consequence of tank leakage or they evaporate from them. They can dissolve in soil solution, adsorb to soil particles and unergo biological breakdown.

The objective of the project in year 2009. was to investigate the presence of BTEx substances in the soil and groundwater near two gas stations of NIS Co. Novi Sad: NIS Novi Sad xI (Mala Pečurka, Car lazar Boulevard, Novi Sad) and NIS Novi Sad Iv (Futog road 93d, Novi Sad) and in year 2010. to investigate the presence of BTEx substances in the soil and groundwater near one gas station of NIS Co. Novi Sad: NIS Novi Sad x, NIS Novi Sad, Sentandrejski put bb.

The obtained results indicated that the target compounds were present in the soil, however, their con-centrations were significantly below those that would require remediation. This study is the initial stage of investigations of BTEx in soil and groundwater. Taking into account the experience of other countries, this study should be given priority in the national program.

K E Y W O R D S : BTEX, soil, gas station

MONITORING SOILS AND GROUNDWATER NEAR GAS STATIONS

jordana ninkov, petar sekulić, tijana zeremski, jovica vasin, stanko milić, livija maksimović, nada ostojićInstitute of Field and vegetable Crops

Maksima Gorkog 30, Novi Sadcontact: [email protected]

Y E A R : 2009-2010

AIr, WATEr & SOIl

ENVIROSCIENCENS

Značaj poznavanja kvaliteta urbanog zemljišta sa stanovišta sadržaja organskih i neorganskih kontami-nanata ogleda se u mogućnosti procene rizika, lociranja i sanacije zagađenih oblasti kao i gradskog planira-nja u smislu identifikacije i izmeštanja izvora kontaminanata.

Olovo je jedan od najčešćih zagađivača u urbanim sredinama. U poslednjih nekoliko decenija o olovu se sprovode mnoga istraživanja tako da se dosta zna o njegovom prisustvu u različitim delovima životne sredi-ne i toksičnim efektima koje izaziva. Najčešći izvor zagađenja olovom je antropogeni – izduvnim gasovima motornih vozila. kako je intenzitet saobraćaja u gradu Novom Sadu visok, a parkovi predstavljaju mesta okupljanja najosetljivijeg dela populacije, dece i starijih sugrađana, cilj projekta je bio da se utvrdi koncen-tracija olova u zemljištu i biljkama koje rastu na obodnim delovima parkova, uz frekventne saobraćajnice.

Uzorci zemljišta i lišća žbunastih biljnih vrsta su uzimani iz 5 gradskih parkova (Dunavski, limanski, Futoški, Park kod železničke stanice i Petrovaradinski) a broj uzoraka iz svakog parka je određen na osnovu njegove veličine.

Na osnovu rezultata analize sadržaja olova u uzorkovanom materijalu zaključeno je da iako je u zemlji-štima parkova Grada Novog Sada uočen povišen sadržaj olova koji je verovatno posledica atmosferskog zagađenja odn. antropogenog uticaja, ovaj sadržaj je daleko niži od remedijacione vrednosti od 530 mg/kg i na samo dva lokaliteta (Futoški park-prema Futoškoj ulici i Petrovaradinski park) je tek neznatno viši od granične vrednosti od 85 mg/kg. Iako je u svakom analiziranom uzorku lišća detektovano prisustvo olova, njegov sadržaj je niži od koncentracija koje se smatraju toksičnim.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : olovo, zemljište, gradski parkovi

ISPITIVANJE ZEMLJIŠTA I BILJAKA U NOVOSADSKIMPARKOVIMA NA SADRŽAJ OLOVA

tijana zeremski, petar sekulić, jordana ninkov, jovica vasin, stanko milić, livija maksimović, aleksandra mihailovićInstitut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo


G O D I N A : 2010.


It is important to have available data on the quality of urban soils from the standpoint of organic and inorganic contaminants in order to be able to perform risk assessment, location and remediation of contam-inated areas and urban planning in terms of identification and relocation of contamination sources.

lead is among most common pollutants in urban areas. It has been extensively studied in recent dec-ades so that we have ample data on lead presence in different parts of the environment and toxic effects it causes. The most common source of lead is anthropogenic in nature - motor vehicle exhaust emissions. As the traffic intensity in the city of Novi Sad is high and parks are places of gathering of the most sensitive parts of the population, children and senior citizens, this project was aimed at determining lead concentration in soils and plants that grow in the peripheral parts of the local parks, those bordering heavily trafficked roads.

Samples of soil and foliage of shrub species were collected from five city parks (Danube, liman, Futog, Petrovaradin and railroad station park). The number of samples from each park was determined in accord-ance with park size.

Based on the analysis of lead content in the sampled material, it was concluded that although the Novi Sad park soils were found to have increased levels of lead, which were probably due to atmospheric and an-thropogenic pollution, the contents were much lower than the remediation values of 530 mg/kg. At two sites only (the part of Futog Park facing the Futog Street and Petrovaradin Park) were the values slightly above the limit value of 85 mg/kg. Although lead was detected in all leaf samples analyzed, its content was below the concentrations that are considered toxic.

K E Y W O R D S : lead, soil, city parks.

TESTING SOILS AND PLANTS FROM NOVI SAD PARKS FOR LEAD CONTENT

tijana zeremski, petar sekulić, jordana ninkov, jovica vasin, stanko milić, livija maksimović, aleksandra mihailovićInstitute of Field and vegetable Crops


Y E A R : 2010

AIr, WATEr & SOIl

ENVIROSCIENCENS

Povrtarske biljne vrste koje zauzimaju važno mesto u ljudskoj ishrani, na gradske pijace i markete dolaze sa različitih lokaliteta a o njihovom kvalitetu kupci sude samo na osnovu izgleda i preporuke prodavaca. kako bi se ostvario veći prinos, u biljnoj proizvodnji često se primenjuju bez poštovanja preporučene vremenske dina-mike, veće količine veštačkog đubriva, pesticida i herbicida opterećenih teškim metalima i drugim polutantima. Ovakav intenzivan način proizvodnje ima za posledicu kontaminaciju zemljišta i namirnica. Stoga je kontinuirani višegodišnji monitoring sadržaja polutanata u svežem povrću od izuzetnog značaja za kontrolu kvaliteta namir-nica i u službi je očuvanja zdravlja ljudi.

Sa limanske, riblje i Futoške pijace, u septembru i oktobru 2009, 2010 i 2011. godine uzimani su uzorci šargarepe, peršuna, karfiola, brokolija, cvekle, paprike, paštrnaka, paradajza, krompira, spanaća i luka. Sa sva-ke pijace uzeta su po dva uzorka iste vrste povrća, poreklom sa dva različita lokaliteta. Procedura uzorkovanja je sve tri godine primenjena na isti način, kako bi dobili podatke validne za poređenje. Analiziran je sadržaj četiri teška metala (Cd, Pb, Cr i Ni) i nitrata u suvom biljnom materijalu jestivih delova povrća. kao referentne vred-nosti za procenu zagađenja namirnica, uzete su vrednosti definisane po važećim propisima Srbije: maksimalna dozvoljena koncentracija (MDk), za Cd u sušenom povrću iznosi 0,3 mg/kg (mg . g-1), za Pb 3 mg/kg (mg . g-1), dok za Cr i Ni koncentracije koje ukazuju na zagađenje nisu definisane.

Sadržaj Cd u tkivu jestivih delova ispitivanog povrća je bio iznad MDk prve dve godine istraživanja u 15 do 17% ispitivanih vrsta, dok je 2011. godine od ukupno ispitivanih uzoraka, kod skoro 20% registrovano zagađenje kadmijumom preko dozvoljenog. Izuzetno visoke koncentracije Cd zabeležene su u pojedinim uzorcima ploda paradajza (1.17 i 0.81 mg . g-1), korena šargarepe (0.71 i 0.35 mg . g-1), cvasti brokolija (2.37 mg . g-1), ploda paprike (0.96 i 0.74 mg . g-1), korena paštrnaka (1.09 mg . g-1) i listova spanaća (1.34; 1.35; 0.89; 0.91 i 0.85 mg . g-1). Zagađenje povrća olovom je 2011. bilo mnogo više izraženo u odnosu na zagađenje kadmijumom, jer je registrovano u devet od jedanaest isptivanih vrsta povrća. koncentracije Pb premašivale su MDk u pojedinim uzorcima ploda paradajza (9.31; 6.40 i 3.23 mg . g-1), lukovice crnog luka (4,27 mg . g-1), korena šargarepe (3.83; 3.60 i 3.61 mg . g-1), cvasti karfiola (5.67 i 3.41 mg . g-1), cvasti brokolija (6.69 i 6.13 mg . g-1), ploda paprike (3.72 i 8-30 mg . g-1), korena paštrnaka (6.29 mg . g-1), korena peršuna (4.42; 3.89 i 6.00 mg . g-1) i listova spanaća (8.32; 9.07; 8.83 i 6.56 mg . g-1). Ukupno izraženo zagađenje olovom je bilo prisutno kod 32% ispitivanih uzoraka sa sve tri pijace. Poredeći ove rezultate sa rezultatima iz prethodne dve godine istraživanja, može se konstatovati trend povećanja zagađenja teškim metalima. vrste povrća u kojima je zabeleženo minimalno zagađenje teškim metalima su krompir i cvekla. Prosečna vrednost sadržaja Cd i Pb u listovima spanaća nekoliko puta je prema-šila vrednosti MDk. koncentracije mikronutrijenata Cr i Ni registrovane u suvoj masi ispitivanih uzoraka povrća, izuzev spanaća kretale su se između 0.5 i 2 mg . g-1, što je očekivano i slično za sve tri istraživačke godine. U listovima spanaća su koncentracije Cr i Ni bile preko 3 mg . g-1.

Sadržaj nitrata u povrću uzetom sa novosadskih pijaca u sezoni leto-jesen 2011. godine bio je značajno viši u odnosu na prethodne godine istraživanja. vrednosti su zavisile od biljne vrste i porekla (načina gajenja) i u suvoj biljnoj materiji kretale su se u rasponu od 9361 mg . g-1 (peršun) do 21361 mg . g-1 suve materije (cvekla). registro-vane koncentracije nitrata ne predstavljaju zagađenje i ne smanjuju nutritivnu vrednost ispitivanih vrsta povrća.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : Povrće, teški metali, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, nitrati, kontaminacija, zelene pijace, monitoring

REZIME REZULTATA TROGODIŠNJEG MONITORINGA PRISUSTVA POLUTANATA (TEŠKIH METALA) I NITRATA U POVRTARSKIM BILJNIM VRSTAMA NA ZELENIM PIJACAMA U NOVOM SADU

slobodanka pajević, nataša nikolić, milan borišev, borivoj krstićUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Departman za biologiju i ekologiju


G O D I N A : 2009-2011.

hrANA I ZDrAvlJE20 ‣ 21

vegetable species have important role in human nutrition. They are distributed to city markets from differ-ent localities and their quality is assessed by buyers on the basis of appearance and seller suggestions. Artificial fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides, which in small amounts contain heavy metals and other pollutants, are not always applied according to advised dynamics and amounts, in order to obtain higher yields in production. Such intense procedure of agricultural growth leads to contamination of soil and vegetables. Therefore, continuous monitoring of pollutant content in fresh vegetables is of special significance for human nutrient quality control, in the service of human health preservation.

During September and October of 2009th, 2010th and 2011th, samples were analysed from three main city open markets called limanska, riblja and Futoška. Ten different vegetable species were analysed: carrot, parsley, cauliflower, broccoli, beet, onion, pepper, parsnip, tomato, potato and spinach. Two samples of the same species were obtained from each market, from two different growth localities. Sampling procedure was the same during all three years, in order to collect comparable results. Contents of four heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni) and nitrates were analysed in dry plant material of edible vegetable parts. referent values used to assess the vegetable pollution ratio, are defined in the Serbian official regulations: maximal allowed concen-tration (MAC) for Cd in dry vegetables is 0.3 mg/kg (mg . g-1), for Pb its 3 mg/kg (mg . g-1), whereas for Cr and Ni these limits are still not defined.

Cd content in the tissue of edible vegetable parts, during the first two years of analyses was slightly above MAC in 15-17% of examined samples, whereas in 2011th it reached almost 20%. Especially high concentrations of Cd were recorded in some samples of tomato (1.17 and 0.81 mg . g-1), carrot roots (0.71 and 0.35 mg . g-1), broccoli in-florescence (2.37 mg . g-1), pepper fruit (0.96 and 0.74 mg . g-1), parsnip roots (1.09 mg . g-1) and spinach leaves (1.34; 1.35; 0.89; 0.91 and 0.85 mg . g-1). Pb pollution in 2011th was strongly expressed, since it was established in 9 out of 11 analysed plant species. Pb concentrations above MAC were determined in tomato fruits (9.31; 6.40 and 3.23 mg . g-1), onion bulbs (4,27 mg . g-1), carrot roots (3.83; 3.60 and 3.61 mg . g-1), cauliflower inflorescence (5.67 and 3.41 mg . g-1), broccoli inflorescence (6.69 and 6.13 mg . g-1), pepper fruit (3.72 and 8-30 mg . g-1), parsnip roots (6.29 mg . g-1), parsley roots (4.42; 3.89 and 6.00 mg . g-1) and spinach leaves (8.32; 9.07; 8.83 and 6.56 mg . g-1). In total, 32% of samples contained elevated Pb concentrations on all three markets. When compared with first two years of analyses, a ratio of increase of heavy metal pollution in vegetables can be observed. Potato and beet were species with smallest, minimal heavy metal pollution potential. Average value of Cd and Pb content in spinach leaves was several times above MAC. Micronutrients, Cr and Ni content, was determined in dry mass of analysed vegetables in ratios 0.5 to 2 mg . g-1, which was expected and similar during all three research years. Special exception is the sample of spinach leaves, where these concentrations went up over 3 mg . g-1.

Nitrate content in vegetables sampled at Novi Sad city open markets in the season of 2011th was signif-icantly higher in relation to 2009th and 2010th. values depended on plant species, their growth technologies and locations, ranging in dry plant weight from 9361 mg . g-1 (parsley), up to 21361 mg . g-1 (beet). These nitrate concentrations are not classified as significant pollution and they do not reduce nutritive value of analysed vegetables.

K E Y W O R D S : Vegetables, heavy metals, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, nitrates, contamination, green markets, monitoring

THREE YEAR MONITORING OF POLLUTANT (HEAVY METAL) AND NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN VEGETABLE PLANT SPECIES AT GREEN OPEN MARKETS IN NOVI SAD

slobodanka pajević, nataša nikolić, milan borišev, borivoj krstićUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of sciences, Departmenet of Biology and Ecology


Y E A R : 2009-2011

FOOD & hEAlTh

ENVIROSCIENCENS

Povrće zauzima veoma značajno mesto u ishrani ljudi zahvaljujući svom sastavu – vitaminima, minera-lima, proteinima, ugljenim hidratima kao i elementima u tragovima. Teški metali su jedan u nizu zagađivača koji se mogu naći na površini i u tkivima svežeg povrća. Iako u većini poljoprivrednih zemljišta nivo teških metala nije tako visok da prouzrokuje akutne probleme toksičnosti, povećane koncentracije teških metala u hrani mogu značajno da utiču na zdravlje ljudi. Posebno mogu da budu značajni metali koji se preko hrane akumuliraju u organizmu čoveka, kao što je slučaj sa Cd i Pb. visoka koncentracija ovih metala u hrani se povezuje sa razvojem brojnih bolesti, posebno kardiovaskularnog sistema, bubrega, nervnog i koštanog tkiva. Dokazano je da su ovi teški metali karcinogeni, mutageni i teratogeni. Povrtarske vrste ponekad mogu da nakupljaju značajne količine teških metala, a da se pri tome ne pojavljuju vidljivi simptomi oštećenja na biljkama. Iz tog razloga opravdana je zabrinutost potrošača da hrana koju svakodnevno konzumiraju, poseb-no povrće i voće, možda sadrži koncentracije teških metala koje su iznad dozvoljenih. Zato je veoma bitno da se takvi proizvodi, koji se konzumiraju u svežem stanju, redovno analiziraju kako bismo bili sigurni da kon-centracija nepoželjnih teških metala nije viša od propisanih standarda i kako bi se posebna pažnja obratila na sprečavanje njihovog ulaska u lanac ishrane. Ovo posebno zato što se Pb i Cd ubrajaju u najrasprostranjenije teške metale visoke toksičnosti.

S tim u vezi, cilj ovih projekata je bio da se utvrdi koncentracija Cu, Zn, Pb i Cd u uzorcima svežeg povrća proizvedenog kod velikih proizvođača koji snabdevaju Novi Sad. Uzorci svežeg povrća su uzeti 2009., 2010. i 2011. godine od proizvođača iz Bačkog Petrovca, Bačkog Petrovog Sela, Begeča, Budisave, Čuruga, Despo-tova, Dobrinaca, Đurđeva, Erdevika, Gložana, Gospođinaca, Iđoša, kaća, kikinde, kruščića, kule, kuzmina, lalića, Mošorina, Nakova, Novog Miloševa, Novog Sada, ruskog krstura, ruskog Sela, Sakula, velikih radi-naca, velikog Sela i Zrenjanina. Analizirana je 21 vrsta povrća (ukupno 273 uzorka): beli luk (5), crni luk (45), cvekla (7), mrkva (12), paštrnak (3), peršun (3), rotkva (2), salata (4), tikvice (1), plavi patlidžan (3), karfiol (8), krastavac (6), krompir (33), kupus (20), paprika (79), paradajz (32), dinja (1), lubenica (5), praziluk (1), celer (4), brokoli (1).

koncentracije nepoželjnih teških metala, Cd i Pb, su u daleko najvećem broju uzoraka bile niže od dozv-oljenih. Povećana koncentracija Cd je ustanovljena u ukupno 26 uzoraka u odnosu na propise koji važe u republici Srbiji (Pravilnik o količinama pesticida, metala i metaloida i drugih otrovnih supstancija, hemi-oterapeutika, anabolika i drugih supstancija koje se mogu nalaziti u namirnicama (”Sl. list SrJ”, br. 5/92, 11/92 - ispr. i 32/2002 i ”Sl. glasnik rS”, br. 25/2010 - dr. pravilnik i 28/2011 - dr. pravilnik)) a u 16 uzoraka u odnosu na propise koji važe u svetu (Codex general standard for contaminants and toxins in food and feed (CODEx STAN 193-1995) Schedule I –heavy Metals, p. 32-33.). koncentracija Pb ni u jednom uzorku nije bila viša od dozvoljene prema propisima koji važe u Srbiji, ali je u odnosu na svetske standarde bila viša u 133 uzorka. Za Cu i Zn ne postoje propisane granične vrednosti u svežem povrću.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : povrće, teški metali

ODREĐIVANJE SADRŽAJA TEŠKIH METALA U UZORCIMA POVRĆA PROIZVEDENOG U OKOLINI NOVOG SADA

ivana maksimović, žarko ilin, marina putnik delićUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Departman za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo


G O D I N A : 2009-2011.


vegetables are very important in human nutrition due to their composition - vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates and trace elements. heavy metals are one of many pollutants that can be found on the surface and in tissues of fresh vegetables. Although in the majority of agricultural soils levels of heavy metals are not so high as to cause acute toxicity, elevated concentrations of heavy metals in various kinds of food can significantly affect human health. In particular, metals that get into the human body by food ingestion, as Cd and Pb, can severely jeopardize health. high concentrations of these metals in food are associated with the development of many diseases, in particular of cardiovascular, kidney, nerve and bone tissues. It has been shown that these heavy metals are carcinogens, mutagens and teratogenic. vegetable species can some-times accumulate significant amounts of heavy metals without displaying visible symptoms of damage on plants themselves. Therefore, there is concern of consumers about the quality of food, especially vegetables and fruits that are consumed daily, with regard to concentration of toxic heavy metals. It is therefore impor-tant that such products, which are consumed fresh, are regularly analyzed to ensure that the concentration of undesirable heavy metals does not exceed the limits allowed by regulations and to take care in agronomic practice to prevent entry of undesirable elements into the food chain. This is especially important because Pb and Cd are among the most widespread heavy metals of high toxicity.

The objective of this project was to determine the concentration of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd in samples of fresh vegetables produced by major vegetable suppliers of Novi Sad. Samples of fresh vegetables were taken in 2009, 2010 and 2011 from producers from Bački Petrovac, Bačko Petrovo Selo, Begeč, Budisava, Čurug, Desp-otovo, Dobrinci, Đurđevo, Erdevik, Gložan, Gospođinci, Iđoš, kać, kikinda, kruščić, kula, kuzmin, lalić, Mošorin, Nakovo, Novo Miloševo, Novi Sad, ruski krstur, rusko selo, Sakule, veliki radinci, veliko Selo and Zrenjanin. We analyzed 21 species of vegetables (273 samples): garlic (5), onion (45), red beet (7), carrots (12), parsnip (3), parsley (3), radish (2), lettuce (4), squash (1), eggplant (3), cauliflower (8), cucumber (6), potatoes (33), cabbage (20), paprika (79), tomato (32), melon (1), watermelon (5), leek (1), celery (4), broccoli (1).

The concentrations of undesirable heavy metals, Cd and Pb, were in the great majority of samples below the limits set by regulations. The excessive concentration of Cd was found in a total of 26 samples with respect to the regulations in force in the republic of Serbia (Ordinance on the amount of pesticides, metals and metalloids and other toxic substances, chemotherapeutics, anabolics and other substances which can be found in food (“Off. Fry “no. 5/92, 11/92 - corr. and 32/2002 and” Off. Gazette of rS “, no. 25/2010 - other regulation and 28/2011 - other regulations)) and in 16 samples with respect to the regulations in force in many other countries (Codex general standard for contaminants and toxins in food and feed (CODEx STAN 193-1995) Schedule I-heavy Metals, p. 32-33.). The concentration of Pb in all analyzed samples was lower than allowed regarding the regulations in force in Serbia, but in comparison to world standards it was higher in 133 samples. For Cu and Zn are no prescribed limits in fresh vegetables.

K E Y W O R D S : vegetables, heavy metals

DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN VEGETABLE SAMPLES PRODUCED IN THE VICINITY OF NOVI SAD

ivana maksimović, žarko ilin, marina putnik delićUniversity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Field and vegetable Crops


Y E A R : 2009-2011

FOOD & hEAlTh

ENVIROSCIENCENS

Ditiokarbamati su fungicidi koji su 2007. godine bili među 30 najčešće detektovanih pesticida u voću i po-vrću u monitoringu koji je sprovela EU a 2009. godine su bili među prvih 50 najčešće detektovanih pesticida i u merljivim količinama su nađeni u preko 10% svih uzoraka voća i povrća .

Jagoda i malina su najznačajnije jagodaste voćke. Dobijanje plodova što boljeg kvaliteta i što ranijeg vremena zrenja primarni je cilj u proizvodnji ovog voća a to se, između ostalog postiže i pravilnom upotrebom sredstava za zaštitu bilja.

Iako prisustvo ditiokarbamata u jagodastom voću iznad zakonom definisanih maksimalnih koncentracija nije dozvoljeno, njihovo prisustvo se ponekad može detektovati u uzorcima voća, što je posledica korišćenja ovih preparata i za vreme sazrevanja ploda, što ni na koji način ne poboljšava kvalitet ploda niti ga štiti od propadanja.

Cilj projekta je bio da se utvrdi eventualno prisustvo ditiokarbamata u uzorcima jagodastog voća (malina, jagoda i kupina) koji se prodaju na novosadskim zelenim pijacama. Ukupno je prikupljen 31 uzorak jagoda-stog voća, od čega tri uzorka ploda kupine i 28 uzoraka ploda maline. Na pijacama je prikupljeno 25 uzoraka a 6 uzoraka je kupljeno u piljarnicama.

rezultati analize sadržaja ditiokarbamata u uzorkovanom voću su pokazali da je u 55% analiziranih uzo-raka detektovano prisustvo ditiokarbamata. Ni u jednom analiziranom uzorku nije izmeren sadržaj ditiokar-bamata koji prekoračuje maksimalno dozvoljenu koncentraciju što ukazuje da proizvođači poštuju principe dobre poljoprivredne prakse. Svi analizirani uzorci jagodastog voća po sadržaju ditiokarbamata odgovaraju kvalitetu hrane definisanom važećim Pravilnikom o maksimalno dozvoljenim količinama ostataka sredstava za zaštitu bilja u hrani i hrani za životinje (Sl. glasnik 25/2010).

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : ditiokarbamati, maline, pijace

SADRŽAJ DITIOKARBAMATA U JAGODASTOM VOĆU NA NOVOSADSKIM PIJACAMA I MARKETIMA

tijana zeremski, petar sekulić, jordana ninkov, jovica vasin, stanko milić, livija maksimovićInstitut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo


G O D I N A : 2011.


Dithiocarbamates are fungicides that were among the 30 most frequently detected pesticides in fruits and vegetables in the tests conducted in the EU in 2007. In 2009, they were among the top 50 most frequent pesticides detected in measurable amounts in over 10% of all samples of fruit and vegetables.

Strawberries and raspberries are important berry fruits. Superior fruit quality and early maturity are primary goals in the production of these fruits. Among other things, proper use of pesticides is needed to accomplish these objectives.

Although the presence of dithiocarbamates in berry fruits above the maximum allowed concentrations is not permitted, their presence can sometimes be detected in fruit samples. This is the result of the application of these preparations during fruit maturation, a practice which neither improves fruit quality nor protects fruits from deterioration.

The project objective was to search for the presence of dithiocarbamates in samples of berry fruits (raspberries, strawberries and blackberries) sold at Novi Sad market squares.

A total of 31 samples of berry fruits were collected: three blackberry samples and 28 raspberry samples. Twenty-five samples were collected at market squares and 6 at greengroceries.

The obtained results showed that dithiocarbamates were detected in 55% of the analyzed samples. None of the analyzed samples exceeded the maximum allowed concentration, which indicated that the growers re-spected the principles of good agricultural practices. Concerning the content of dithiocarbamates, all analyz-ed samples met the food quality requirements defined in regulations on Maximum Allowed Concentrations of Pesticide residues in Food and Feed (Official Gazette 25/2010).

K E Y W O R D S : dithiocarbamates, raspberries, green markets.

DITHIOCARBAMATE CONTENT IN BERRY FRUITS FROM NOVI SAD MARKET SQUARES AND DEPARTMENT STORES

tijana zeremski, petar sekulić, jordana ninkov, jovica vasin, stanko milić, livija maksimovićInstitute of Field and vegetable Crops


Y E A R : 2011

FOOD & hEAlTh

ENVIROSCIENCENS

Savremeni način poljoprivredne proizvodnje podrazumeva široku upotrebu pesticida i đubriva. Prema izveštaju Ministarstva poljoprivrede, šumarstva i vodoprivrede republike Srbije (2010), u našoj zemlji je u prometu 327 pesticidnih aktivnih materija, formulisanih u vidu 878 pesticidna preparata. Česta upotreba ovih supstanci, pretvorila je pesticide od „prijatelja“ u veoma opasnu pretnju ljudskom zdravlju. Ostaci pesticida, preko maksimalno dozvoljenih količina u poljoprivrednim proizvodima i životnim namirnicama (MDk), potiču od njihove neadekvatne upotrebe u poljoprivrednoj praksi, skladištenju i javnom zdravlju. Analiza 40 uzoraka voća, obuhvatila je određivanje sadržaja ostataka 28 pesticida u 18 uzoraka jabuka, 4 uzorka trešanja, 8 uzoraka grožđa i 10 uzoraka malina. rezultati ukazuju (bez uzoraka jabuka) da 5 analiziranih uzoraka, nisu sadržavali ostatke pesticida, a da je 30 uzoraka bilo sa višestrukim detekcijama, odnosno, da uzorak sadrži ostatak različitih pesticida. Ostaci pesticida iznad MDk su detektovani u 5 uzoraka, odnosno u 12,5% od ukupnog broja analiziranih uzoraka. Analizom 18 tržišnih uzoraka jabuka, ostaci pesticida su detektovani u 94,44% uzoraka. Najčešće detektovani pesticidi sa vrednostima iznad MDk, su bili dimetoat, hlorpirifos, azinfos-metil i difenokonazol. Nameće se zaključak da su jabuke najopterećenije pesticidima i da je veoma važno raditi stalnu kontrolu ostataka pesticida u njima. Sprovođenjem monitoringa i proverom većeg broja uzoraka na sadržaj ostataka pesticida, dobili bi se pouzdaniji podaci, koji bi nam ukazali na potrebne mere koje treba preduzeti u cilju pravilnijeg korišćenja pesticida.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : ostaci pesticida, voće, Novi Sad

ODREĐIVANJE OSTATAKA PESTICIDA U VOĆU NA TRŽIŠTU GRADA NOVOG SADA

sanja lazić, vojislava bursić, dragana šunjkaUniverzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Departman za fitomedicinu i zaštitu životne sredine


G O D I N A : 2011.


The modern approach to agricultural production implies an extensive use of pesticides and fertilizers. According to the report of the Ministry of Agriculture, Trade, Forestry and Water Management (2010) there have been 327 pesticides on sale, in 878 pesticide formulations in our country. The intensive application of these substances has turned pesticides from ”friend” into a very dangerous treat to human health. The pes-ticide residues over the Mrls in agricultural products and food are the result of the inappropriate application in agricultural practice, storing and public health. The analysis of 40 fruit samples comprised the determina-tion of residues of 28 pesticides in 18 apple samples, 4 cherry samples, 8 grapes samples and 10 raspberry samples. The results show (apple samples excluded) that 5 analyzed samples were pesticide-free and that 30 samples were with multiple detections i.e. that each sample contained several pesticide residues. The pesticide residues were detected in 5 samples i.e. in 12.5% of the total number of analyzed samples. By the analysis of 18 apple samples the pesticide residues were detected in 94.44% of samples. The most frequent-ly detected pesticides with the values over the Mrls were dimethoate, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl and difenoconazole. The conclusion is that the apples are the most contaminated and that a continuous control of pesticides in them is highly significant. The more reliable data could be obtained by monitoring and control of a greater number of samples which would indicate the necessary measures to be taken aiming at the more appropriate pesticides application.

K E Y W O R D S : pesticide residues, fruit, Novi Sad

DETERMINATION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FRUIT ON THE MARKET OF NOVI SAD

sanja lazić, vojislava bursić, dragana šunjkaFaculty of Agriculture, Department of Phytomedicine and Environmental Protection


Y E A R : 2011

FOOD & hEAlTh

ENVIROSCIENCENS

Istraživanja širom sveta su dokazala prisustvo infektivnih jaja nematoda u zemljištu, na zelenim pov-ršinama parkova, na dečjim igralištima i peščanicima. Jaja su brojna i u otpadnim vodama i blatu, gde za-državaju infektivnost. visoka stopa zaraženosti i velika defekacija pasa i mačaka na javnim mestima, uzrok su intenzivne kontaminacije zemljišta i povećanog rizika transmisije na čoveka. Toxocara canis je kosmopo-litska vrsta koja inficira Canidae u svim tropskim i umerenim regionima sveta. Uzrokuje zoonotsku i antro-pozoonotsku bolest toksokarijazu kod životinja i ljudi i može predstavljati veliki problem za javno zdravlje.

Toksokarijaza je češća kod mladih nego kod odraslih životinja, a čovek je slučajni paratenični domaćin za infektivne larve II stadijuma Toxocara canis. Put infestacije je geooralni. laboratorijski znaci toksokarijaze uključuju eozinofiliju, kao i povišen nivo specifičnih IgG antitela kao i specifičnih IgE antitela u krvi.

Ovaj rad je imao za cilj da se utvrdi bezbednost zdravlja dece u predškolskim ustanovama sa teritorije grada Novog Sada ispitivanjem zastupljenosti parazita u pesku iz peščanika obdaništa i sa javnih dečijih igrališta.

Pesak je sakupljan tokom meseca jula i avgusta sa 16 različitih lokaliteta na području grada Novog Sada. Pesak je uzorkovan iz peščanika koji se nalaze u svakom od 15 obdaništa i na jednom dečijem igralištu. Sa svakog peščanika uzorkovano je oko 200 g peska. Uzorci peska su ispitivani metodom flotacije. U radu je korišćen šećerni rastvor temperature 15˚C i specifične težine 1,12.

Našim istraživanjem, ni u jednom od ukupno 15 ispitivanih obdaništa sa teritorije grada Novog Sada, nije utvrđeno prisustvo nijedne parazitske vrste. Svi uzorci peska sa dečijeg igrališta na Novom Naselju bili su pozitivni na parazitološko ispitivanje. U uzorcima peska nađena je vrsta Toxocara canis. Naši rezultati pokazuju da dečja igrališta moraju biti ogradjena i zaštićena od pasa i mačaka lutalica.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : peščanici, paraziti, Novi Sad

ZAŠTITA I UNAPREĐENJE ŽIVOTNE SREDINE GRADA NOVOG SADA KROZ PARAZITOLOŠKU KONTROLU JAVNIH POVRŠINA – PEŠČANIKA ZA IGRANJE DECE

dušan lalošević, nenad muškinja, danijela sedlar, verica simin, marina sladojević Pasterov zavod Novi Sad

Hajduk Veljkova 1, Novi Sadkontakt: [email protected]

G O D I N A : 2010.


Studies worldwide have shown the presence of infective eggs of nematodes in the soil, the green areas, parks, playgrounds and on the sand. Eggs are also a number of waste water and mud, which retain infec-tivity. high rates of infection of stray dogs and cats in public places, causing intensive soil contamination and the risk of transmission to humans. Toxocara canis is a species that infects all Canidae in tropical and temperate regions of the world. Causes a zoonotic disease in animals and humans and may pose a problem for public health.

Toxocarosis is more common in young than in adult animals, and man is random paratenic host for in-fective larvae of Toxocara canis stage II. Infection way is a geo-oral. laboratory signs of toxocarosis include eosinophilia, and elevated levels of specific IgG and IgE antibodies in the blood.

This study aimed to determine the safety of health of children in the city of Novi Sad examining parasites eggs in the presence of sand from the of kindergartens, a preschool educational institutions, and on the public children’s playground.

The sand was collected during the months of July and August from 16 different localities in the city of Novi Sad. The sand was sampled from the sand-boxes, which are located in each of 15 kindergarten and a children’s playground, and sampled about 200 g of sand. Samples of sand were tested by flotation uses a sugar solution temperature of 15˚C and specific gravity of 1.12.

In any of the 15 studied kindergartens in the city of Novi Sad, are not detected any parasitic species. All samples of sand from public children’s playgrounds in new settlements “Bistrica” were positive for parasito-logical examination. In samples of sand there were found eggs of Toxocara canis. This results showed that children’s playgrounds must be enclosed and protected from stray dogs and cats.

K E Y W O R D S : sand playground; parasite; Novi Sad

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF THE CITY OF NOVI SAD THROUGH PARASITOLOGICAL CONTROL OF SAND PLAYGROUND - PUBLIC FACILITIES FOR CHILDREN

dušan lalošević, nenad muškinja, danijela sedlar, verica simin, marina sladojevićPastur institute of Novi Sad

Hajduk Veljkova 1, Novi Sadcontact: [email protected]

Y E A R : 2010

FOOD & hEAlTh

ENVIROSCIENCENS

Cilj sprovedenih istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi u kojoj meri invazivne i vektorske vrste komaraca kao i virusi koje one prenose ugrožavaju područje Novog Sada i da se preventivnim merama spreči njihovo introdukovanje i/ili širenje. Deo istraživanja vezanih za virus Zapadnog Nila bio je usmeren ka detekciji virusa u komarcima skupljenim na teritoriji grada (vero ćelije, rT PCr) i utvrđivanju stepena prokuženosti stanovništva. Stegomia albopicta, invazivna vrsta komaraca koju popularno zovemo „azijski tigar”, vodi poreklo iz Jugoistočne Azije i u poslednjih 25 godina se zahvaljujući čoveku naselila na američkom kontinentu, u Africi, Evropi i Australiji. Osnovni načini širenja su među-narodna trgovina starim automobilskim gumama i biljnim materijalom kao i prenošenje transportnim sredstvima. vrsta voli da se hrani krvlju čoveka, izuzetno je agresivna i kao takva predstavlja izvanrednog prenosioca najopasnijih arbovirusa koji mogu ugroziti zdravlje i život ljudi. Intenzivno širenje „azijskog tigra” po Evropi počelo je 1990. godine. Prvi nalaz u regionu Zapadnog Balkana datira iz avgusta 2001. kada smo jednu larvu ove vrste pronašli u polovnoj gumi u vulkanizerskoj radnji u Podgorici. Do danas „azijski tigar” se naselio u velikom broju mesta na hrvatskom i cr-nogorskom primorju. Osim na mestima na kojima smo očekivali pojavu „azijskog tigra” u Novom Sadu, praćenje smo vršili i na nekoliko punktova od izuzetne važnosti za blagovremenu detekciju i sprečavanje širenja ove invazivne vrste. U uzorku sa graničnog prelaza Batrovci iz avgusta 2009. registrovano je prisustvo 22 jedinke „azijskog tigra”. Ovo je bio prvi nalaz „azijskog tigra” u Srbiji1, a izveštaj o radu na projektu u 2009. godini citiran je u najnovijoj publikaciji o invazivnim vrstama koje prete Evropi2. virus Zapadnog Nila je prvi put izolovan i identifikovan u oblasti Zapadni Nil u Ugandi 1937. godine. rezervoar virusa su divlje i domaće ptice u kojima se on dobro razmnožava i sa kojih ga komarci ubodom prenose na čoveka. Značaj virusa Zapadnog Nila za humanu patologiju je sagledan prvi put 1957. godine kada je u Izraelu registrovana epidemija u kojoj su ljudi oboljevali sa teškim neurološkim manifestacijama i sa velikim brojem smrtnih slučajeva. Epidemije koje su registrovane kasnije u rusiji i rumuniji odlikovale su se velikim brojem obolelih, visokom smrtnošću (4% - 14%) i neurološkim manifestacijama. U teškim formama bolesti pored nervnog sistema može biti zahvaćeno srce, pankreas i jetra. U toku dvogodišnjih istraživanja na prisustvo virusa Zapadnog Nila analizirano je 7335 jedinki komaraca svrstanih u 150 pulova prema vrsti, lokalitetu i vremenu sakupljanja. Pro-kuženost stanovništva je utvrđena analizom 182 uzoraka seruma krvi. Činjenice koje ukazuju na moguću povezanost infekcije virusom Zapadnog Nila i neuroloških poremećaja stanovnika vojvodine prvi put su zabeležene 2007. godine. Serološkim testovima nedvosmisleno su dokazani slučajevi infekcije virusom Zapadnog Nila kod stanovnika Novog Sada u 2009. i 2010. godini. Prokuženost se kretala od 2.2% do 6%. Prisustvo virusa Zapadnog Nila utvrđeno je u 3 pula kućnih komaraca (Culex pipiens pipiens) sakupljenih početkom septembra 2010. na Detelinari što je bila prva detekcija ovog virusa u Srbiji3. rezultati su potvrđeni u referentnoj laboratoriji za virusologiju veterinarskog fakulteta u Beču, gde je utvrđeno da se radi o istoj liniji virusa koja je te, 2010. godine prouzrokovala epidemije u Grčkoj, ru-muniji i rusiji sa 40 smrtnih ishoda.1 Petrić, D., Zgomba, M., Bellini, r. and Becker N. 2012. Surveillance of Mosquito Populations: A key Element to Understanding the Spread of Invasive vector Species and vector-Borne Diseases in Europe. In D. Mihailović Ed.: Essays on Fundamental and Applied Environmental Topics. Nova Science Publishers. p. 274-309.

2 Medlock, J. M., hansford, k. M., Schaffner, F., versteirt, v., hendrickx, G. Zeller, h and van Bortel, W. 2012. A review of the Invasive Mosquitoes in Europe: Ecology, Public health risks, and Control Options. Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases. vol. 12 (xx): 1-13.

3 Petrić, D., hrnjaković Cvjetković, I., radovanov, J., Cvjetković, D., Jerant Patić, v., Milošević, v. kovačević, G., Zgomba, M., Ignjatović Ćupina, A., konjević, A., Dušan M. and Paz Sánchez-Seco, M. 2012. West Nile virus surveillance in humans and mosquitoes and detection of West Nile and cell fusing agent virus in vojvodina Province (Serbia). HealthMed Journal. vol.6, No 2, 462-469.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : Aedes albopictus, komarac ‘’azijski tigar’’, virus Zapadnog Nila, virus Zapadnog Nila u komarcima, prokuženost

MONITORING INVAZIVNIH I VEKTORSKIH VRSTA INSEKATA I TRANSMISIVNIH BOLESTI

dušan petrić1, ivana hrnjaković cvjetković2, marija zgomba1, vera jerant patić2, aleksandra ignjatović ćupina1, vesna milošević2, jelena radovanov2, dušan marinković1, gordana kovačević2 Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, laboratorija za medicinsku i veterinarsku entomologiju1

Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, Novi Sad

Institut za javno zdravlje vojvodine, Centar za virusologiju2

Futoška 121, Novi Sad

kontakt: [email protected]

G O D I N A : 2009-2010.


The aim of the study was to identify a degree of invasive and vector mosquito species abundance, extent of possible disease transmission and establishment of measures to prevent their introduction/ dispersal for the region of Novi Sad. A part of the West Nile virus (WNv) research was detection of the virus in sampled mosquitoes through surveillance net on the territory of Novi Sad (vero cells, rT PCr) and identification of seroprevalence within inhabit-ants. Stegomia albopicta, the invasive species that has been also known as Asian tiger mosquito (ATM) has its origin in South East Asia and has been spread in past 25 years throughout the Americas, Africa, Australia and Europe. The main source of the spreading is through the old tire trade, plant material and transport vehicles. This mosquito is highly anthropophilic (prefers human blood), it is very aggressive, competent in transmission the most dangerous pathogens and therewith is a serious threat to human health. Intensive spread of the species through Europe has been recorded since 1990. The first evidence of the species in the West Balkans was dated on Avgust 2001, when a larva was detected in an old car tire shop in Podgorica1. Since, the Asian tiger has been established in a number of places at Croatian and Montenegro coast. Except the monitoring places in Novi Sad, which were assumed to be possible points of introduction of the ATM, the monitoring was carried out at sites that are of crucial interest for detection of species introduction into the city and the measures to be taken to prevent further spreading of the species. In the samples obtained at the border with Croatia (Batrovci) during Avgust 2009, there were registered 22 specimens of the ATM. That was the first record of the species for Serbia1. This finding was quoted in the most recent publication on invasive mosquito species in Europe2. The WNv was isolated and identified for the first time in Uganda in 1937. The virus res-ervoirs are wild and domestic birds that are suitable for amplification. After blood feeding on infected bird, mosquitoes could transmit the pathogen to human population. The importance of WNv for human pathology was recognized for the first time in 1957 due to the Israel epidemic when people suffered with neurological manifestation that often led to the fatality. later, the epidemic was recorded in russia and romania, the fatality rate being 4-14%. During two years of research, the 7335 mosquitoes were analyzed to the WNv presence. The mosquito species were assigned to the 150 pools according to species, locality and the time of sampling. Seroprevalence of the Novi Sad human pop-ulation to WNv was determined by 182 blood serum analysis. Serological tests of Novi Sad inhabitants undoubtedly showed infections by WNv in 2009 and 2010. The seroprevalence was in a range of 2,2% to 6,0%. The presence of WNv was recorded in 3 mosquito pools (Culex pipiens pipiens) that were sampled at beginning of September in 2010 at Detelinara suburb. That was the first WNv record in Serbia3. The results were confirmed at the referent laboratory for virology, Faculty of veterinary Medicine in vienna. The findings of this laboratory proved that the virus is the same lineage that has caused 40 lethal cases in the same year during epidemics in Greece, romania and russia. 1 Petrić, D., Zgomba, M., Bellini, r. and Becker N. 2012. Surveillance of Mosquito Populations: A key Element to Understanding the Spread of Invasive vector Species and vector-Borne Diseases in Europe. In D. Mihailović Ed.: Essays on Fundamental and Applied Environmental Topics. Nova Science Publishers. p. 274-309.

2 Medlock, J. M., hansford, k. M., Schaffner, F., versteirt, v., hendrickx, G. Zeller, h and van Bortel, W. 2012. A review of the Invasive Mosquitoes in Europe: Ecology, Public health risks, and Control Options. Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases. vol. 12 (xx): 1-13.

3 Petrić, D., hrnjaković Cvjetković, I., radovanov, J., Cvjetković, D., Jerant Patić, v., Milošević, v. kovačević, G., Zgomba, M., Ignjatović Ćupina, A., konjević, A., Dušan M. and Paz Sánchez-Seco, M. 2012. West Nile virus surveillance in humans and mosquitoes and detection of West Nile and cell fusing agent virus in vojvodina Province (Serbia). HealthMed Journal. vol.6, No 2, 462-469.

K E Y W O R D S : Aedes albopictus, Asian tiger mosquito, West Nile Virus (WNV), WNV in mosquitoes, seroprevalence of WNV

MONITORING OF INVASIVE AND VECTOR INSECT SPECIES AND TRANSMISSIBLE DISEASE

dušan petrić1, ivana hrnjaković cvjetković2, marija zgomba1, vera jerant patić2, aleksandra ignjatović ćupina1, vesna milošević2, jelena radovanov2, dušan marinković1, gordana kovačević2 University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, laboratory for Medical and veterinary Entomology1

Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, Novi Sad

Institute for Public health of vojvodina, Centre for virology2

Futoška 121, Novi Sad

contact: [email protected]

Y E A R : 2009-2010

FOOD & hEAlTh

ENVIROSCIENCENS

Cilj projekta je bio da se utvrde nivoi indikatora zagađenja životne sredine u biološkom materijalu - krv, kao pokazatelja uticaja na zdravstveno stanje ispitanika naselja Šangaj.

Nije utvrđena značajna korelacija između biohemijskih parametara i toksikoloških parametara u osnovnoj grupi. Jedino je utvrđena statistički značajna povezanost između AlT i cikloheksana (r=0.305, p=0.028). Nije utvrđena značajna korelacija između posmatranih hematoloških parametara (broj eritrocita, broj leukocita, nivo hemoglobina) i toksikoloških parametara u ispitivanoj grupi. Što se tiče parametara lipidnog statusa (ukupni holesterol, lDl, hDl, trigliceridi) i toksikoloških parametara, utvrđena je značajna negativna korelacija između hDl i benzena (r=-0.332, p=0.016). Što su više vrednosti hDl, više su vred-nosti benzena.

Ukupni holesterol i trigliceridi su u značajnoj korelaciji sa cikloheksanom: ukupni holesterol (r= 0.395, p=0.004), trigliceridi (r= 0.434, p=0.001). Što su više vrednosti ukupnog holesterola, više su vrednosti cikloheksana, a isto važi za trigliceride, sa povećanjem vrednosti triglicerida više su vrednosti cikloheksana. kod 4 ispitanika (7.7%) osnovne grupe izmerene su povišene vrednosti benzena (iznad 0.21mg/l), dok kod 48 ispitanika (92.3%) nisu detektovane vrednosti ovog parametra.

kod kontrolne grupe ni kod jednog ispitanika nisu nađene povišene vrednosti benzena, ni stirena. kod stanovnika iz osnov-ne grupe nisu detektovane vrednosti toluena, ksilena, etilbenzena, n - heksana i cikloheksana, koje su prelazile referentne vrednosti. Samo u jednom slučaju (1,9%) nađena je vrednost stirena, koja je prelazila referentnu vrednost. Što se hematoloških analiza tiče, patološke vrednosti leukocita nađene su samo kod 4 ispitanika (7,7%), smanjen broj eritrocita nađen je kod 10 ispitanika (9,6%), a snižen hemoglobin je kod četvrtine ispitanika, (26,9%).

kod kontrolne grupe snižen broj eritrocita nađen je kod 2,7% ispitanika, a niži hemoglobin kod 10,8%, što jeste manji pro-cenat u odnosu na osnovnu grupu, ali nije statistički značajno. Značajno veći broj ispitanika ima povišene vrednosti holesterola (53,8%), a trećina ispitanika ima povišene vrednosti triglicerida, što je statistički značajno. Od biohemijskih parametara, kod 7 ispitanika (13,5%) nađene su povišene vrednosti šećera u krvi, svaki peti ispitanik ima vrednosti uree iznad referentnih granica (19,2%). Što se tiče parametara koji ukazuju na oštećenje jetre, svaki deseti ispitanik (9,6%) ima povišene vrednosti AST, svaki trinaesti ispitanik (7,7%) ima povišene vrednosti AlT, povišene vrednosti GGP ima 6 ispitanika (11,5%), a samo dva ispitanika (3,8%) imaju povišene vrednosti AlP, tri četvrtine ispitanika (75,0%) ima povišene vrednosti lDh.

U kontrolnoj grupi 2,7% ispitanika ima povišene vrednosti AlT, ali u odnosu na osnovnu grupu nije statistički značajno. Nije utvrđena značajna korelacija između biohemijskih parametara (AST, GGT, AlP, lDh, Bilirubin) i toksikoloških parametara u kon-trolnoj grupi. Jedino je utvrđena statistički značajna povezanost između ukupnog bilirubina i cikloheksana (r=-0.545, p<0.001). kako je korelacija negativna, znači da što su niže vrednosti bilirubina, više su vrednosti cikloheksana.

Nije utvrđena značajna korelacija između posmatranih hematoloških parametara (broj eritrocita, broj leukocita, nivo he-moglobina) i toksikoloških parametara u kontrolnoj grupi (prikazan nivo značajnosti za Spirmanov koeficijent korelacije). Nije utvrđena značajna korelacija između parametara lipidnog statusa (ukupni holesterol, lDl, hDl, trigliceridi) i toksikoloških pa-rametara, u kontrolnoj grupi. Nije utvrđena značajna korelacija između posmatanih biohemijskih parametara (AST, GGT, AlP, lDh, ukupni bilirubin) i toksikoloških parametara, ukoliko se posmatraju svi ispitanici zajedno.

Jedino je utvrđena statistički značajna povezanost između ukupnog bilirubina i cikloheksana (r=-0.266, p=0.012). kako je korelacija negativna, znači da nižim vrednostima ukupnog bilirubina, odgovaraju više vrednosti cikloheksana. Nije utvrđena značajna korelacija između posmatanih hematoloških parametara (broj eritrocita, broj leukocita, nivo hemoglobina) i toksiko-loških parametara, ukoliko posmatramo sve ispitanike zajedno (prikazan nivo značajnosti za Spirmanov koeficijent korelacije). Što se tiče parametara lipidnog statusa (ukupni holesterol, lDl, hDl, trigliceridi) i toksikoloških parametara, utvrđena je značaj-na negativna korelacija između triglicerida i benzena (r=-0.258, p=0.015), kao i pozitivna korelacija između triglicerida i ciklo-heksana (ρ=0.220, p=0.038). Što su više vrednosti triglicerida, niže su vrednosti benzena, dok su više vrednosti cikloheksana.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : aerozagadjenje, biološki monitoring, biomarkeri ekspozicije

ZNAČAJ BIOLOŠKOG MONITORINGA, KAO POKAZATELJA ZAGAĐENJA VAZDUHA, KOD STANOVNIKA NASELJA ŠANGAJ

nada mačvanin, jan suđi, sanja dojčinović vujaškovic Zavod za zdravstvenu zaštitu radnika Novi Sad

Futoška 121, Novi Sadkontakt: [email protected]

G O D I N A : 2011.


The project objective was to determine the levels of indicators of environmental pollution in biological samples - blood, as an indicator of the impact on the health status of respondents settlements Shanghai.

There was no significant correlation between biochemical parameters and toxicological parameters in the primary group. The only statistically significant correlation between AlT and cyclohexane (ρ=0.305, p=0.028). There was no signif-icant correlation between the investigated parameters (erythrocyte, leukocyte count, hemoglobin level) and toxicological parameters in the study group. With regard to lipid parameters (total cholesterol, lDl, hDl, triglycerides) and toxicological parameters, there was significant negative correlation between hDl and benzene (r=-0332, p = 0.016). The more hDl, higher values of benzene.

Total cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly correlated with cyclohexane: total cholesterol (ρ=0395, p=0.004), triglycerides (ρ=0434, p=0.001). The more levels of total cholesterol, higher values of cyclohexane, and the same is true for triglycerides, with an increase in triglyceride levels over the values of cyclohexane. In 4 patients (7.7%) Basic groupe meas-ured high values of benzene (above 0.21ug/l), whereas in 48 patients (92.3%) did not reveal the value of this parameter.

In the control group in any of the respondents were not found elevated benzene or styrene. Among the inhabitants of the main groups of detected values of toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene, n - hexane and cyclohexane, which exceeded the reference value. Only in one case (1.9%) found the value of styrene, which exceeded the reference value. As regards the analysis of hematological, pathological values of leukocytes were found in only 4 patients (7.7%), decreased red blood cell count was found in 10 patients (9.6%), and reduced hemoglobin is fourths of respondents (26.9% ).

In the control group reduced the number of erythrocytes was found in 2.7% of respondents, a lower hemoglobin at 10.8%, which is a smaller percentage of the original group, but not statistically significant. Significantly more subjects had elevated total cholesterol (53.8%), a third of patients have elevated levels of triglycerides, which was statistically significant. Of the biochemical parameters, in 7 patients (13.5%) were found elevated blood sugar, every fifth respondent has a value above the normal values of urea (19.2%). As for the parameters that indicate liver damage, one in ten respondents (9.6%) had elevated serum AST, every thirteen respondents (7.7%) had elevated AlT, elevated GGP has 6 patients (11.5%) and only two patients (3.8%) had elevated serum AlP, three-quarters of respondents (75.0%) had elevated lDh.

In the control group 2.7% of subjects had elevated AlT, but of the original group was not statistically significant. There was no significant correlation between posmatanih biochemical parameters (AST, GGT, AlP, lDh, bilirubin) and toxicological parameters in the control group. The only statistically significant correlation between total bilirubin and cyclohexane (ρ=-0.545, p<0.001). As the correlation is negative, which means that the lower values of bilirubin, the more the value of cyclohexane.

There was no significant correlation between the investigated parameters (erythrocyte, leukocyte count, hemoglobin level) and toxicological parameters in the control group (given the level of significance for the Spearman correlation coeffi-cient). There was no significant correlation between lipid parameters (total cholesterol, lDl, hDl, triglycerides) and toxico-logical parameters in the control group. There was no significant correlation between posmatanih biochemical parameters (AST, GGT, AlP, lDh, total bilirubin) and toxicological parameters, if all respondents are considered together.

The only statistically significant correlation between total bilirubin and cyclohexane (ρ=-0266, p=0.012). As the cor-relation is negative, meaning that lower values of total bilirubin, higher values correspond to cyclohexane. There was no significant correlation between haematological parameters (erythrocyte, leukocyte count, hemoglobin level) and toxico-logical parameters, if we look at all the subjects together (given the level of significance for the Spearman correlation coefficient). With regard to lipid parameters (total cholesterol, lDl, hDl, triglycerides) and toxicological parameters, there was significant negative correlation between triglyceride and benzene (ρ=-0258, p=0.015) and positive correlation between triglyceride and cyclohexane (ρ=0220, p=0.038). What were higher triglycerides, lower values of benzene, while higher values of cyclohexane.

K E Y W O R D S : air pollution, biological monitoring, biomarkeri ekspozicije

THE IMPORTANCE OF BIOLOGICAL MONITORING AS AN INDICATOR OF AIR POLLUTION, THE INHABITANTS OF SHANGHAI

nada mačvanin, jan suđi, sanja dojčinović vujaškovic Institute of Occupational health

Futoška 121, Novi Sadcontact: [email protected]

Y E A R : 2011

FOOD & hEAlTh

ENVIROSCIENCENS

UVODGenerisanje, prenos i upotreba električne energije povezana je sa stvaranjem slabih električnih i magnetskih polja koja osciluju 50 ili 60 puta u sekundi. Sve veća upotreba električne energije u domaćinstvima i industrijskim postrojenjima stavila je u prvi plan potencijalne efekte elektromagnetnih polja (EMP) izuzetno niskih frekvencija na ljudsko zdravlje. Zbog brojnih nedoumica u vezi s kancerogenošću EMP zadatak ovog istraživanja je da se na različitim in vitro modelima dobiju novi podaci o mehani-zmima delovanja EMP na ćelijskom nivou. U većini dosadašnjih in vitro istraživanja korišćena su EMP male gustine i vrlo visoke frekvencije ili EMP velike gustine frekvencije 50/60hz što ne odgovara stanju koje imamo u životnom okruženju.

METODEkoristili smo specijalno dizajniran sistem za generisanje prostoperiodičnog homogenog magnetskog polja učestanosti 50hz uz mo-gućnost kontrolisane promene efektivne vrednosti vektora magnetske indukcije u opsegu od 20-200μT, karakteristike koje najbliže odgovaraju uslovima okruženja u kome živimo. Eksperimenti su urađeni na humanim ćelijskim linijama, fetalnim fibroblastima pluća MCr5, i k562 ćelijama hronične mijeloidne leukemije. Ćelije su izlagane delovanju EMP jačine 40 ili100 μT tokom 3h, 24h i 48h. Pratili smo delovanje EMP na ukupan broj i vijabilnost ćelija; proliferativnu aktivnost ćelija; promene u aktivnosti antioksida-tivnih enzima; indukciju proteina toplotnog stresa hSP70; genotoksične efekte; promene u ćelijskom ciklusu i indukciji apoptoze.

REZULTATIIzlaganje k562 ćelija EMP od 40μT, već nakon tri sata dovodi do promena u funkcionalnoj sposobnosti ćelija. Ukupan broj vijabilnih i k562 i MrC5 ćelija smanjivao se u funkciji vremena i jačine EMP. Adherentna sposobnost MrC5 ćelija se smanjila za 54% odnosno 27% zavisno od toga da li su izlagane EMP u “0” vremenu ili 24h nakon zasađivanja. Antiproliferativni efekat EMP je takođe zavisio od vremena izloženosti i jačine EMP. EMP navedenih jačina ponašaju se kao slabi stresori u tumorskim ćelijama koji ne dovode do produkcije reaktivnih vrsta kiseonika u količini dovoljnoj da se indukuje proces lipidne peroksidacije, ali dovoljno da dovedu do odgovora antioksidativnog sistema zaštite: aktivnost katalaze, glutation-S-transferaze i glutation reduktaze su statistički značajno veće u odnosu na kontrolu. Ni u jednoj od tretiranih grupa nije došlo do promene aktivnosti superoksid dismutaze, u odnosu na kontrolne ćelije. Western blot analiza je pokazala da ni leukemične k562 ćelije ni normalni fibroblasti pluća posle izlaganja EMP od 100 μT /50hz / 48h ne eksprimiraju protein toplotnog stresa hSP70. Genotoksično dejstvo niskofrekventnog EMP ispitali smo testom izmene sestrinskih hromatida i testom mikronukleusa na humanim limfoc-itima periferne krvi (PBl). PBl su izloženi kontinuiranom delovanju EMP jačine 100μT tokom 24h i 48h. Na osnovu dosadašnjih ispitivanja može se reći da radiofrekventna zračenja imaju slab genotoksični potencijal. Promene u distribuciji ćelijskog ciklusa na MrC5 ćelijama praćene su posle izlaganja EMP od 40μT i 100μT/3h, 24h i 48h. kratkotrajno (3h) izlaganje ćelija EMP 40 μT povećava procenat ćelija u S i G2M fazi ćelijskog ciklusa, a najizraženije promene su zapažene u G1G0 fazi ćelijskog ciklusa prilikom izlaganja k562 ćelija EMP 100mT/24h. Izlaganje EMP 100μT/48h takođe je dovelo do promena u svim fazama ćelijskog ciklusa. Najizrazitije je povećanje procenta ćelija u S fazi ćelijskog ciklusa MrC5 ćelija, i blagi porast k562 ćelija u G0G1 fazi. Podaci u literaturi o indukciji apoptoze u ćelijama izloženim delovanju EMP niske frekvencije i male snage veoma su različiti i zavise od vrste ćelija i eksperimentalnih uslova. Izlaganjem k562 i MrC5 ćelija tokom 48h EMP snage 40 μT i 100 μT/50hz zapaženo je da se procenat ćelija u apoptozi povećava sa jačinom EMP.

ZAKLJUČAKNa osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da je izlaganje ćelija u kulturi EMP već nakon tri sata pri jačini EMP od 40μT dovelo do promena na nivou funkcionalne sposobnosti ispitivanih ćelija. Prilikom duže izloženosti ćelija jačem EMP efekti su veći, ali nisu uvek proporcionalni vremenu izloženosti odnosno jačini EMP. Molekularni mehanizmi na osnovu kojih EMP vrlo niske frekvencije mogu uticati na ponašanje ćelija još uvek nisu jasni. Stoga su neophodne dodatne studije kako bi se pouzdanije utvrdila uzročna veza između izlaganja EMP i pojave malignih tumora, ali i raznih hroničnih oboljenja.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : Elektromagnetno zračenje, ćelijski cikus, kultura ćelija, broj ćelija, antioksidantni enzimi, HSP70 protein toplotnog šoka, apoptoza, oštećenje DNK

UTICAJ ELEKTROMAGNETNOG ZRAČENJA NA PROLIFERATIVNU AKTIVNOST ZDRAVIH I MALIGNIH ĆELIJA U IN VITRO SISTEMIMA

gordana bogdanović1, anamarija juhas2, miodrag milutinov2, dimitar jakimov1, dragana četojević-simin1, jasminka mrđanović1, slavica šolajić1, vesna kojić1, višnja bogdanović1, ljiljana savić1, miroslav prša2

1 Institut za onkologiju vojvodine, Zavod za eksperimentalnu onkologiju, Put dr Goldmana 4, Sremska Kamenicakontakt: [email protected] Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Departman za energetiku, elektroniku i telekomunikacije (DEET), katedra za teorijsku elektrotehniku, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, Novi Sad kontakt: [email protected]

G O D I N A : 2009-2011.


BACKGROUNDGeneration, transmission, and the use of electricity are associated with the formation of weak electric and magnetic fields that oscillate 50 or 60 times per second. The increasing use of electricity in households and industrial plants placed in the foreground the potential effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of extremely low frequencies on human health. In the majority of in vitro studies the low-density and very high frequency EMF or high-density EMF of 50/60hz were used, which does not correspond to situation that we have in our environment. Because of numerous dilemmas regarding the cancerogenic effect of EMF, the aim of this research was to obtain new data on mechanisms of action of EMFs on cellular level using various in vitro models.

METHODSSpecially designed system generated a homogeneous magnetic field, with characteristics, which closely matches the conditions of the environment in which we live: frequency of 50hz with the possibility of controlled change in the effective value of magnetic induction vector in the range of 20-200μT. Experiments were performed in human cell lines: fetal lung fibroblasts MCr5 and human chronic myeloid leukemia k562. Cells were exposed to EMF 40 μT or 100 μT during 3h, 24h, or 48h. We evaluated the EMP effect on cell number and viability; proliferative activity of cells; changes in antioxidant enzyme activities; induction of heat shock protein hSP70; genotoxic effects; changes in cell cycle and apoptosis induction.

RESULTSExposure of k562 cells to EMF 40μT/3h induced changes in the functional capacity of cells. Total number of viable both k562 and MrC5 cells decreased as a function of time and EMF intensity. Adherent ability of MrC5 cells was reduced by 54% and 27% depending on whether cells were exposed to EMF in the zero time or 24 hours after plating. Antiproliferative effect of EMF was also the time and EMF strength dependent. EMF of specified strength behave as weak stressors in tumor cells that do not induce production of reactive oxygen species in a quantity sufficient to induce a lipid peroxidation, but strong enough to induce protective antioxidant system response: the activity of catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were significantly higher compared to controls. In treated groups, there was no change in the activity of superoxide dismutase, compared to control cells. Western blot analysis showed no expression of heat shock protein hSP70 in neither leukemic k562 cells nor normal lung fibroblasts after exposure to EMF of 100 μT / 50hz /48h. Genotoxic effect of low frequency EMF was evaluated by sister chromatid exchange assay and micronucleus test in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBl). PBl were exposed to EMF 100μT/ 24h and 48h. Based on previous investigations, it can be said that radiofrequency radiation has a weak genotoxic potential. Changes in the distribution of the cell cycle phases in MrC5 cells were followed after exposure to EMF of 40μT and 100μT/3h, 24h and 48h. Short-term (3 h) exposure of cells to EMF 40μT increased the percentage of cells in S and G2M phases of the cell cycle, while the most pronounced changes were observed in G1G0 phase of the cell cycle during expo-sure of k562 cells to EMF100mT /24 hour. Exposure to EMF100μT/48h also induced changes in all phases of the cell cycle. The highest increase was found in S phase of MrC5 cells and a slight increase in the G0G1 phase of k562 cells. The literature data on apoptosis induction in cells exposed to EMF of low frequency and low strength are very different and depend on cells type and experimental conditions. By exposing the k562 and MrC5 cells to EMF 40 μT and 100μT / 50hz/ 48h, we noticed that the percentage of apoptotic cells increased with the EMF strength.

CONCLUSIONBased on the obtained results it can be concluded that exposure of cells to EMF, even after three hours at EMF40μT, induced changes at the level of functional ability of the examined cells. During prolonged exposure of cells to a stronger EMF, the effects are larger but not always proportional to the time of exposure or intensity of EMF. The molecular mechanisms by which very low frequency EMF can affect the behavior of cells is still not clear. Additional studies are necessary to establish a causal link between EMF exposure and the occurrence of malignant tumors, and various chronic diseases more reliably.

K E Y W O R D S : Electromagnetic Radiation, Cell Cycle, Tumour Cells, Cultured, Cell Count, Antioxidants, HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins, Apoptosis, DNA Damage

THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ON THE PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF NORMAL AND MALIGNANT CELLS IN IN VITRO SYSTEMS

gordana bogdanović1, anamarija juhas2, miodrag milutinov2, dimitar jakimov1, dragana četojević-simin1, jasminka mrđanović1, slavica šolajić1, vesna kojić1, višnja bogdanović1, ljiljana savić1, miroslav prša2

1 Institute of Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Put dr Goldmana 4, Sremska Kamenicacontact: [email protected] Univresity of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Energy, Electronics and Telecommunications (DEET), Chair of Theoretical Electrical Engineering, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, Novi Sad contact: [email protected]

Y E A R : 2009-2011

FOOD & hEAlTh

ENVIROSCIENCENS

U ovom Projektu su prikazani novi trendovi u svetskoj „zelenoj“ arhitekturi, koji se odnose na izvođenje zelenih vertikalnih i horizontalnih prostora na objektima. Naglašen je veliki značaj ovakvog načina izgradnje, zelene pete fasade zgrada, posebno u pogledu energetske efikasnosti zgrade, zaštite životne sredine i estet-skih i likovnih doprinosa. Pokazani su tehnički detalji, koji se mogu primeniti u realizaciji ravnih krovova, kao „intenzivne“ ili „ekstenzivne“ krovne bašte. Na više izvedenih arhitektonskih primera širom sveta, potvrđena je efikasnost ovakvih rešenja na stambenim zgradama, ali i na velikim javnim i industrijskim objektima. Cilj ovog rada je analiza dosadašnjeg iskustva u primeni ovakvih detalja u arhitekturi, njihova promocija i što šira primena.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : zelena arhitektura, zeleni zidovi, krovne bašte

NOVE MOGUĆNOSTI POVEĆANJA MREŽE ZELENIH POVRŠINA U NOVOM SADU - ZELENI ZIDOVI I ZELENI KROVOVI

slobodan krnjetin Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Departman za inženjerstvo zaštite životne sredine i zaštite na radu


G O D I N A : 2009-2010.

UrBANA ŠUMA I ODrŽIvA GrADNJA38 ‣ 39

This project presents new trends in the global “green” architecture, which is related to the performance of green vertical and horizontal space on the premises. It emphasizes the great importance of this type of construction, the fifth green building facades, especially in terms of building energy efficiency, environmental and aesthetic and artistic contributions. They presented the technical details, which can be applied in the realization of flat roofs, as “intensive” or “extensive” roof garden. For more architectural examples presented throughout the world, confirmed the efficacy of these solutions to residential buildings, as well as the large public and industrial buildings. The aim of this paper is to analyze past experience in the application of such details in the architecture, and their promotion of the wider application.

K E Y W O R D S : green architecture, green walls, roof gardens

NEW POSSIBILITIES FOR INCREASED SUPPLY OF GREEN AREA IN NOVI SAD - GREEN ROOFS AND WALLS

slobodan krnjetin University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department for Environmental Engineering and Safety at work


Y E A R : 2009-2010

UrBAN FOrEST & SUSTAINABlE BUIlDING

ENVIROSCIENCENS

U Projektu su prikazani najnoviji trendovi i inicijative u Svetu u oblasti lokalnog, administrativnog up-ravljanja na nivou gradskih naselja, kojima se mogu značajno povećati arhitektonske i tehničke mogućnosti formiranja novih zelenih površina oko objekata i na samim zgradama. Cilj projekta je povećanje zelenog fonda grada Novog Sada. Prikazana rešenja bi trebala biti jedan novi oblik upravljanja načinom izgradnje zgrada i prostora u Novom Sadu, a koji bi se uslovljavao kroz zadane Urbanističko tehničke uslove (UTU) budućim graditeljima, na pojedinim lokacijama u gradu, prema usvojenom modelu (Green faktor). Prikazane su inicijative u nekim gradovima u Svetu, kojima se uvodi obaveza izgradnje zelenih detalja oko novih objekata i na samim objektima (lokalna politika poznata pod imenom Green faktor). Priložen je katalog sa definisanim bodovima, potrebnim za ocenjivanje projektnih rešenja, sa grafičkim arhitektonskim detaljima sa karakterističnim rešenjima.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : lokalne inicijative, zelenilo, zeleni faktor

NOVE ZELENE INICIJATIVE LOKALNE POLITIKE: GREEN FAKTOR - ADMINISTRATIVNE MOGUĆNOSTI POVEĆANJA ZELENIH POVRŠINA U NOVOM SADU

slobodan krnjetin Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Departman za inženjerstvo zaštite životne sredine i zaštite na radu


G O D I N A : 2011.


The project presents the latest trends and initiatives in the world in the field of local, administrative man-agement at the level of urban settlements, which can significantly enhance the architectural and technical features of the formation of new green spaces around the buildings and the buildings themselves. The pro-ject aims to increase the green fund of Novi Sad. The presented solution should be a new form of governance mode of construction of buildings and spaces in Novi Sad, which would be conditioned by the set of technical requirements Urban (UTU) to future developers, at some locations in the city, according to the adopted model (Green factor). Showing initiative in some cities in the world, which introduces the requirement details about green building new facilities and the facilities (local politics known as the Green factors). Enclosed is a cat-alog with defined points, necessary for the evaluation of design solutions, with graphic architectural details with distinctive solutions.

K E Y W O R D S : local initiatives, green, green factor

NEW GREEN INITIATIVES LOCAL POLICY: GREEN FACTOR - ADMINISTRATIVE INCREASE THE POSSIBILITY OF GREEN AREAS IN NOVI SAD

slobodan krnjetin University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department for Environmental Engineering and Safety at work


Y E A R : 2011


ENVIROSCIENCENS

Analiza trenutnog stanja u oblasti pokazala je da je potreba za priručnicima ove vrste evidentna. krajem septembra 2012. godine, konačno će biti uveden u praksu republički Pravilnik o energetskoj efikasnosti zgrada i uneti mnoštvo novina u oblast projektovanja i izgradnje objekata: pre svega regulisanje energetske efikasnosti u arhitekturi i građevinarstvu, energetske pasoše i elaborat energetske efikasnosti koji razmatra ukupni energetski bilans kuće i njen uticaj na životnu sredinu. U takvim uslovima Preporuke su i koncipirane, i to kao dokument namenjen istovremeno građanima, institucijama i projektantima, koji svoju primenu mogu naći u oblasti projektovanja novih objekata, sanacije ili (energetske) rekonstrukcije postojećih. Na taj način, Preporuke nude slikovita tumačenja i pojašnjenja zahteva republičkog Pravilnika, sa jasnim objašnjenjem modela primene i predstavom benefita korisnika. Preporuke nemaju regulatornu funkciju, ali kroz jasne ekonomske analize stimulišu primenu u praksi.

Tekst je struktuiran u pakete mera, prema oblastima: (1) Planiranje-konsultacije sa projektantima, (2) Urbanistička lokacija, (3) Arhitektonski koncept i mere pasivne izgradnje, (4) Toplotna izolacija omotača kuće, (5) racionalno korišćenje energije za potrebe grejanja i hlađenja, (6) Inteligentna kuća. Na ovaj način, sukcesivno su objašnjene sve faze procesa građenja, od projektovanja do realizacije, odnosno, od bioklimat-skog koncepta do instalacione nadgradnje kuće.

EE Preporuke su informativnog karaktera i njihov sadržaj predstavlja samo uvid u vrlo široku oblast en-ergetski efikasnog projektovanja i građenja stambenih objekata. Cilj ovog priručnika je da se oblast energet-ske efikasnosti pojasni i približi korisnicima, čime bi neke mere ušle u primenu i pre zakonskog regulisanja, kroz savesno i odgovorno delovanje svakog od nas.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : energetska efikasnost, arhitektonsko projektovanje, urbanisticko projektovanje, stanovanje, potrošnja energije

EE PREPORUKE radivoje dinulović, darko reba, milica kostreš, miljana zeković, igor maraš, dragana konstantinović, marina carević, marko todorov, ivana miškeljin Fakulteta tehničkih nauka, Departman za arhitekturu i urbanizam


G O D I N A : 2009.


Analysis of current state of play showed that the need for manuals of this kind is evident. At the end of September 2012 regulation book on energy efficiency of building will be put into action, what will introduce various novelty in the field of design and building: above all, regulation of energy efficiency in architecture and urbanism, Energy Passports and Energy Efficiency report which reviews overall energy balance of the structure and its impact on the environment. In such realms, recommendations are anticipated - as a man-ual for users, Institutions and professionals, which can be applied in designing new buildings, restoration or (energy) refurbishment of existing ones. In that sense, recommendations offer comprehendible interpre-tation and clarification of the republic regulation, with clear explanation of the application and users’ ben-efit. recommendations have no legal bounding, but tend to stimulate application through clear economical analysis.

Text is structured into packages of rules, according to the fields: (1) Planning – consultation with a de-signer, (2) Urban position, (3) Architectural concept and measures of passive building, (4) Thermal insulation of the building envelope, (5) rational use of energy for heating and cooling, (6) Intelligent building. In this way, all phases of building are explained in successive way, from design to construction, i.e. from bioclimatic concept to installation upgrade.

recommendations have informational character and their content represents only insight into wide field of energy efficient building in housing. The main purpose of this manual is to clarify the field of energy efficiency to final users, by which some of the strategies could be put into action prior to legal regulation, through conscientious and responsible acting of each of us.

K E Y W O R D S : energy efficiency, architectural design, urban planning, residence, energy consumption

EE RECOMMENDATIONS radivoje dinulović, darko reba, milica kostreš, miljana zeković, igor maraš, dragana konstantinović, marina carević, marko todorov, ivana miškeljin University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Architecture and Urbanism


Y E A R : 2009


ENVIROSCIENCENS

Projekat se zasniva na jednogodišnjem praćenju tokom 2011. godine hidroloških osobina različitih siste-matskih jedinica zemljišta na području zaštićenog dela aluvijalne ravni u okolini grada Novog Sada. Na istra-ženom području su određene hidrološke i pedološke osobine aluvijalne ravni. Pedološki profili su otvoreni na 12 lokaliteta. Od 12 lokaliteta na 7 lokaliteta su postavljeni pijezometri i to na lokalitetu kaćkog atara na svaku izabranu karakterističnu kotu terena. Za svaki pedološki profil je identifikovana sistematska jedinica zemljišta. Pronađene su sledeće sistematske jedinice zemljišta: fluvisol, humofluvisol i euglej. U okviru fluvisola kao tipa zemljišta istražene su osobine na nivou forme, odnosno: peskovita, peskovito-ilovasta i ilovasta forma fluviso-la. Za svaku sistematsku jedinicu zemljišta je opisana spoljašnja i unutrašnja morfologija pedološkog profila i prikupljeni su uzorci u prirodnom i narušenom stanju za laboratorijska ispitivanja. Od laboratorijskih ispitivanja su urađene sledeće analize zemljišta: fizičke osobine, vodno-vazdušne osobine te hemijske osobine. Takođe obrađene su hidrološke osobine zemljišta na svim formama fluvisol zemljišta i euglej zemljištu. Tokom čitave 2011. godine je jednom mesečno vršeno merenje dubine podzemne vode i sadržaj momentalne vlage zemljišta za pomenute sistematske jedinice zemljišta te je praćen nivo vodostaja Dunava.

Imajući u vidu analizirane pedološke i hidrološke karakteristike ispitanog područja određena je namena istraženog područja tj. svake determinisane sistematske jedinice zemljišta, u odnosu na njene fizičke, hemij-ske i hidrološke osobine. Preporučene su vrste drveća koje bi odgovarale istraženom staništu, odnosno koje bi se mogle koristiti za pošumljavanje prilaznog dela autoputa E-75, Beograd – Novi Sad.

Za sadnju na istraženom području preporučuju se sledeće vrste drveća: eurameričke topole (Populus x euramericana sp.) i to klonovi muškog pola, koji ne odbacuju seme radi relativne blizine gradskoj zoni a takođe i bela topola (Populus alba), na fluvisol zemljištu peskovite, peskovito ilovaste i ilovaste forme. Ove vrste je moguće koristiti za sadnju sa obe strane autoputa Beograd-Novi Sad. Na delu gde se u određenoj meri raspro-stire euglej-hipoglej zemljište moguće je kombinovati sadnice vrbe, odnosno bele vrbe (Salix alba), ili estetski interesantnije vrste kineske kovrdžave vrbe (Salix matsudana). U nastavku autoputa od petlje „kać“ do petlje „Temerin“ sa desne strane se preporučuje kombinacija eurameričkih topola (Populus x euramericana sp.) i bele topole (Populus alba). Sa leve strane tog dela autoputa s obzirom na vlažnije uslove staništa preporučuje se sadnja različitih vrsta vrba (Salix alba, Salix matsudana i Salix babilonica) a takođe moguća je i sadnja hrasta lužnjaka (Quercus robur) te poljskog jasena (Fraxinus angustifolia). Na škarpama petlji „kać“ i „Temerin“, radi funkcije očuvanja od vodne erozije, ali i estetsko dekorativne funkcije neophodno je uz zatravljivanje izvršiti i sadnju različitog dekorativnog drveća lišćara i četinara, naročito ukrasnih formi te ukrasnog šiblja koje bi upotpunili istraženo područje zajedno sa preporučenim vrstama drveća uz autoput E-75.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : zemljište, podzemna voda, vlaga zemljišta, pošumljavanje, Novi Sad

HIDROLOŠKE KARAKTERISTIKE ZEMLJIŠTA ZAŠTIĆENOG DELA ALUVIJALNE RAVNI U OKOLINI GRADA NOVOG SADA I IZBOR VRSTA DRVEĆA ZA POŠUMLJAVANJE PRILAZNIH PUTEVA GRADU

saša pekeč, saša orlović, petar ivanišević, marina katanić Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Institut za nizijsko šumarstvo i životnu sredinu

Antona Čehova 13, Novi Sadkontakt: [email protected]

G O D I N A : 2011.


The project is based on one-year monitoring research in 2011 of the hydrological characteristics of different systematic units of soil in the protected part of the alluvial plain around the city of Novi Sad. In the investigated area, hydrological and pedological characteristics of the alluvial plain are determined. Soil pro-files were opened in 12 locations. On 7 locations out of 12, piezometers are set, especially at the kać districts on each selected characteristic elevation of the terrain. For each pedological profile is identified systematic unit of soil. Following systemic units of soil were found: fluvisol, humofluvisol and eugley. Within the fluvisol, as a type of soil, following properties were investigated at the form level: sandy, sandy-loam and loamy form. For each unit of systematic soil, external and internal morphology of soil profile were described and samples were collected in natural and disturbed state for laboratory analysis. In a scope of laboratory tests following soil analysis have been performed: physical properties of soil, water-air properties and chemical properties. The hydrologic properties on all forms of fluvisol and eugley soil have also been done. Through-out the entire year of 2011, the once in a month measurements of the depth of underground water and soil moisture content of the immediate area of the mentioned systematic units of soil were performed and also, the Danube water level has been monitored.

Considering the analyzed soil and hydrological characteristics of the surveyed area, it is determined that, each systematic unit of soil was analyzed in relation to its physical, chemical and hydrological properties. Types of trees that would fit the investigated habitat are recommended, precisely, that could be used for afforestation of the access of highway E-75, Belgrade - Novi Sad.

In the investigated area, the following tree species are recommended for planting: euramerican poplar (Populus x euramericana sp.), especially male clones, which do not spread seeds to the relative proximity of the urban zone and also the white poplar (Populus alba), on the fluvisol sandy soil, sandy loam and loamy form. These species can be used for planting on both sides of the highway Belgrade-Novi Sad. On the part where eugley-hypogley soil is spread to some extent, it is possible to combine the willow trees, white willow (Salix alba), or aesthetically interesting kind of Chinese curly willow (Salix matsudana). From the extension of the highway loop “kać” to the “Temerin” loop, on the right side outside of the way, recommended com-bination of tree species for planting are euramerican poplar (Populus x euramericana sp.) and white poplar (Populus alba). The left side of the highway, due to the wetter conditions of habitat, recommended species for planting are various willows (Salix alba, Salix matsudana and Salix babilonica) and also planting of oak (Quercus robur) and ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) is possible. On the scarp of loops “kać” and “Temerin”, for the purpose of preserving from water erosion, and also because of decorative and aesthetic functions, it is necessary to perform grassing and planting of various ornamental deciduous and conifer trees, especially the decorative forms and ornamental shrubs that would complement the excavated area with recommended tree species along the highway E-75.

K E Y W O R D S : soil, underground water, soil moisture, afforestation, Novi Sad

HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL IN THE PROTECTED PART OF ALLUVIAL PLAIN AROUND THE CITY OFNOVI SAD AND THE SELECTION OF TREE SPECIES FOR AFFORESTATION OF ACCESS ROADS TO THE CITY

saša pekeč, saša orlović, petar ivanišević, marina katanić University of Novi Sad Institute of lowland of Forestry and Environment

Antona Čehova 13, Novi Sadcontact: [email protected]

Y E A R : 2011


ENVIROSCIENCENS

Cilj istraživanja je bio da se dobije uvid u stanje stabala topola u Novom Sadu koji će omogućiti izradu mera i smernica dinamike sukcesivnog uklanjanja stabala topola u Gradu. U cilju ocene stanja stabala topola u Novom Sadu predložena metodologija je obuhvatila dobijanje detaljnih informacija o stablu: (1) prostorni položaj stabla; (2) numeričke karakteristike stabla (prsni prečnik, visina); (3) starost stabla; (4) morfološke ocene stanja stabla i (5) karakteristike rasta stabala.

Predložena metodologija je omogućila egzaktno utvrđivanje starosti stabala. Utvrđeno je da se starost stabala poklapa sa vremenom izgradnje pojedinih delova Novog Sada, ali da postoje i izuzeci, odnosno stabla koja su preostala iz ranijeg perioda, ali i stabla koja su naknadno sađena.

rezultati su pokazali da je učešće stabala starijih od 50 godina 2,9%, a stabala starijih od 40 godina 49,1%. Učešće stabala starijih od 30 godina, koja se u privredno značajnim zasadima topola smatra za tzv. „gornjom“ starošću je 64,9%, odnosno blizu 2/3 od ukupnog broja stabala topola u Novom Sadu od 9000. Ovi podaci ukazuju da bi uklanjanje ovako velikog broja stabala (6000) bilo praktično neizvodljivo jer bi takav radikalan pristup u značajnoj meri narušio strukturu zelenila u Novom Sadu.

Sakupljeni podaci su pokazali da je kod 17,5% stabala prioritetno uklanjanje jer su devitalizovana u toj meri da predstavljaju opasnost po građane. Ocena stanja stabala topola u Novom Sadu pokazala je da je preko 40% stabala starijih od 30 godina dobre vitalnosti. Širina goda takvih stabala je dobra i u poređenju sa stablima starosti oko 30 godina iz proizvodnih zasada i veća, što ukazuje da takva stabla mogu da se zadrže u narednom periodu uz detaljno praćenje njihovog stanja.

Iz navedenog se može zaključiti da bi u cilju racionalnog pristupa bila poželjna izrada Programa zamene stabala topola za pojedine lokacije u gradu pri čemu rezultati ovih istraživanja treba da posluže kao polazna osnova. Programom bi se procenilo stanje stabala topola na konkretno definisanim lokalitetima, dale pro-cene mogućeg razvoja i potrebe zamene ili preduzimanja mera kojim bi se omogućilo održavanje postojećeg zelenila. Ovim merama treba pristupiti što pre kako bi se sprečila dalja devitalizacija stabala topola, even-tualne štetne posledice po građane i imovinu, kao i da se održi i poboljša struktura zelenila u Novom Sadu.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : topola, starost stabala, ocena stanja stabala, predlog mera.

DEFINISANJE DINAMIKE UKLANJANJA PRESTARELIH STABALA TOPOLA U NOVOM SADU

siniša andrašev, savo rončević, petar ivanišević, predrag pap Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Institut za nizijsko šumarstvo i životnu sredinu Novi Sad


G O D I N A : 2011.


The goal of this study was to gain an insight into the state of poplar trees in Novi Sad in order to de-termine measures and directions of the dynamics of successive removal of poplar trees in the city. Aimed at assessing the state of poplar trees in Novi Sad the proposed methodology included obtaining detailed information on the tree: 1) spatial position of a tree; 2) numerical characteristics of the tree (diameter at breast height, height); 3) age of tree; 4) assessment of morphological state of tree; and 5) characteristics of tree growth.

Suggested methodology enabled the exact determination of the age of tree. It was determined that the age of trees coincided with the time of construction of particular parts of Novi Sad, but that there were also some exceptions, i.e. some trees originated from the previous period, and some were subsequently planted.

The obtained results revealed that the participation of trees above 50 years was 2,9%, and of trees above 40 years 49,1%. The participation of trees above 30 years, which were in economically important poplar stands considered as so called “upper” age limit was 64,9%, i.e. close to 2/3 of the total number of 9000 poplar trees in Novi Sad. These data suggest that removal of such a large number of trees (6000) would be virtually impossible, because such radical approach would significantly impair the structure of vegetation in Novi Sad.

As indicated by the obtained results the first priority is to remove 17,5% of the trees devitalized to such an extent that they pose potential threat to the public. The estimation of poplar trees in Novi Sad indicated that over 40% of the trees above 30 years of age maintain good vitality. ring width of such trees is of good size and compared to the trees above 30 years from the production stands it is even better, indicating that such trees could be retained in the following period provided that their state is thoroughly observed.

From the above mentioned it could be concluded that with the aim of rational approach a program re-garding replacement of poplar trees in specific locations in the city should be developed using the results of these studies as the starting points. This program would be used to assess the state of poplar trees at the specifically defined sites, to give assessment of possible development and the need for replacement or to take measures that would allow maintenance of existing vegetation. These measures should be taken as soon as possible in order to prevent further devitalization of poplar trees, eventual harmful consequences to public and property, and to maintain and improve the structure of vegetation in Novi Sad.

K E Y W O R D S : poplar, age of trees, evaluation of condition of trees, the proposed measures.

DEFINITION OF DYNAMICS REGARDING THE REMOVAL OF OLD POPLAR TREES IN NOVI SAD

siniša andrašev, savo rončević, petar ivanišević, predrag pap University of Novi Sad, Institute of lowland forestry and environment Novi Sad


Y E A R : 2011


ENVIROSCIENCENS

Uvažavajući značaj svih funkcija šuma i raznih oblika zaštitnog, gradskog i prigradskog zelenila a polazeći od stvarnog stanja istoga na definisanom području, kao što je Grad i okolina Novog Sada, uz poznate činjenice koje karakterišu izraženu složenost i dugoročni karakter rešavanja ovog problema, neophodno je planski i organizovano sagledati sve okolnosti koje uslovljavaju uspešnu realizaciju održavanja postojećeg i podizanja novih zaštitnih šuma i svih drugih oblika gradskog i prigradskog zelenila.

Gradsko zelenilo, kao sastavni deo savremenog urbanizma, pored dekorativne uloge vrši i mnogo drugih važnih funkcija. Biljke putem evapotranspiracije ublažavaju letnje temperature, uvećavanjem relativne vlažnosti vazduha i do 36% u odnosu na neozelenjene površine. Prosečno, odraslo stablo, srednje visine, može transpiracijom izbaciti do 400 litara vode na dan, pod uslovom da u zemljištu ima dovoljno vlage.

Smanjenje brzine vetra zavisi i od visine drveća. Uočeno je da se efikasna zaštita postiže do rastojanja koje je jednako petostrukoj visini pojasa, kao i da brzina vetra postaje jednaka prvobitnoj na rastojanju od 15 do 20 visina pojasa. Međutim, treba uvek imati na umu da postoji velika razlika između individualne efikasnosti jedne biljke i funk-cionalnosti zelene površine koja se sastoji od mnoštva biljaka izabranih, posađenih i održavanih prema posebnom planu i projektu, nastalom kao rezultat programa za stvaranje optimalne zelene zone na određenom lokalitetu.

rezultati analiziranih osobina deponovanog materijala, koji čini deposol uz novo izgrađene bulevare (saobraća-jnice) u teksturnom pogledu odlikuje prisustvo dve teksturne klase peskovita ilovača i peskovito glinovita ilovača.

kod peskovite ilovače dominantno je prisustvo frakcije sitnog peska od 52.67 do 65.02%, što ovu teksturnu klasu čini vrlo procednom, sa smanjenom sposobnošću skladištenja fiziološki aktivne vode (korisne vode) u dužem periodu. Ovaj deposol u ekološkom pogledu pripada suvom stanišnom tipu, koji pri odabiru drvenastih i žbunastih vrsta zahteva one vrste koje trpe smanjenu količinu vode i povišene termičke uslove. U ovako definisanim edafsko hidrološkim uslovima mogu uspevati sledeće vrste: Bagrem (Robinia pseudoacacia), Mečja leska (Corylus colurna), Grab (Carpinus betulus), Sibirski brest (Ulmus pumila ), Dafina ( Dafina bignoides ), Platan (Platanus sp.), koprivić (Celtis okcidrntalis). Za razliku od teksturne klase peskovita ilovača, peskovito glinovita ilovača se odlikuje sadržajem frakcije sitnog peska od 42,9 do 69.63%, ali sa povećanim sadržajem frakcije koloidne gline, između 20.48 i 23,52%, što ovoj teksturnoj klasi obezbeđuje bolje vodne karakteristike, pa se može klasifikovati kao umereno suvi stanišni tip, sa mogućnošću izbora šireg spektra drvenastih i žbunastih vrsta: lipa (Tilia sp.), lužnjak (Qercus robur), Jasen (Fraxinus sp.), Sofora (Sofora japonica), koprivić (Celtis occidentalis), Trešnja (Prunus avium), višnja (Prunus cera-sus), Javor (Acer sp.) i dr.

Prilikom podizanja svih oblika zelenila pored Bulevara Evrope koji smo pedološki detaljnije obradili, predlažemo da se na mestu sadnje ukloni deponovani materijal i sadnja obavi u izvorno zemljište ili zamenjeni supstrat odgova-rajućeg kvaliteta. Prilikom sadnje drvorednih sadnica trebalo bi postaviti i dirigovani zalivni sistem kap po kap koji ne predstavlja preveliku investiciju, a sadnice će uspešno preživeti šok presadnje i rezultat sigurno neće izostati.

U užem gradskom jezgru Novog Sada zlelenilo gubi trku i zbog stepena izgrađenosti potiskuje se prema periferiji grada. Zbog toga bi trebalo iskoristiti prostore pored novo izgrađenih bulevara i podići drvorede sa vrstama koje u gradskim uslovima mogu postići impozantne dimenzije. Ovako podignuti drvoredi trebalo bi da čine jedinstven sistem sa zelenim prstenom koji bi trebalo podići oko Novog Sada (posebno u bačkom delu). realizacija ove ideje bi mikrokli-matske uslove učinila mnogo lepšim i humanijim za život u Novom Sadu.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : zelenilo, deposol, izbor vrsta, hidrološki uslovi

IZBOR VRSTA DRVEĆA ZA OZELENJAVANJE DELOVA NOVOG SADA U ZAVISNOSTI OD EDAFSKO - HIDROLOŠKIH USLOVA

savo rončević, siniša andrašev, petar ivanišević, bojana klašnja Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Institut za nizijsko šumarstvo i životnu sredinu Novi Sad


G O D I N A : 2011.


recognizing the importance of all forest functions and various forms of protective, urban and suburban greenery, and starting from the actual situation in the defined area, such as the city of Novi Sad and its surrounding, with the known facts characterizing the pronounced complexity of a strong and long-term nature of this problem, it is neces-sary to carefully consider all circumstances influencing the successful maintenance of the existing and establishment of the new protective forests and all other forms of urban and suburban greenery.

Besides its decorative function the city`s greenery as an integral part of a modern urban planning also has many other important functions. Through evapotranspiration process the plants reduce summer temperatures by increasing relative air humidity up to 36% in relation to non-green areas. A mature, medium height tree can release on the average some 400 l of water through the process of transpiration per day, provided that there is enough moisture in the soil.

The amount of wind speed reduction depends also on the height of windbreak trees. It was observed that efficient protection is achieved by the distance which is equal to a fivefold belt height, and that wind speed becomes equal to the initial one at the distance ranging from 15 to 20 belt heights. however, one should always have in mind that there are big differences between individual effectiveness of one plant and a functional green area consisting of various plants selected, planted and maintained according to a particular plan and project aimed at establishing the optimum size of a green zone at a particular location.

The results of the analyzed characteristics of the deposited material, such as deposol along newly constructed boulevards (roads) revealed two textural classes: sandy-loam and sandy-clay-loam. Sandy-loam is dominated by the fraction of small sand particles ranging from 52.67 do 65.02 %, enabling very fine straining and filtering, with reduced ability to store physiologically active water (useful water) for a longer period of time. Environmentally this deposol be-longs to a dry habitat type, which requires species tolerating reduced water quantity and increased temperature con-ditions. The following tree species can survive under such particular edaphyc hydrological conditions: acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna), common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), Siberian alm (Ulmus pumila ), common catalpa ( Dafina bignoides ), Sycamore (Platanus sp.), hackberry (Celtis okcidrntalis). Unlike sandy loam textural class the sandy clay loam is characterized by the content of fraction of sand with small particles ranging from 42,9 to 69.63 %, with increased content of colloid clay fraction between 20,48 and 23,52 %, which gives better water characteristics to this textural class, and it may be considered a moderate dry habitat type, with the choice of wide range of trees and shrubs: linden (Tilia sp. ), English oak (Qercus robur ), ash (Fraxinus sp. ), scholar tree (Sofora ja-ponica ), hackberry (Celtis occidentalis ), sweet chery (Prunus avium ), sour cherry (Prunus cerasus ), maple (Acer sp. ) etc. When establishing all forms of green belts along the boulevard Europe (processed for pedological mapping in details), we suggest to remove all deposited material at the planting sites, and to perform planting in the original soil or the substituted substrate of the appropriate quality. An inexpensive guided irrigation system drop by drop should be set when planting a treelined path in order to provide a successful survival of the planting material. In the city center of Novi Sad the greenery loses battle and is pushed towards the city periphery due the developing constructions.

Therefore the space along newly constructed boulevards should be used to establish treelined paths with species that can grow to imposing dimensions under city conditions. Such treelined paths should be integrated into a unique system with a green ring that should be created around Novi Sad (particularly in the part of Backa). realization of this idea would turn the microclimatic conditions into something much more beautiful ad more human for the citizens of Novi Sad.

K E Y W O R D S : greenery, deposol, selection of tree species, hydrological conditions

SELECTION OF TREE SPECIES FOR THE GREENING OF NOVI SAD DEPENDING ON EDAPHYC-HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

savo rončević, siniša andrašev, petar ivanišević, bojana klašnja University od Novi Sad, Institute of lowland forestry and environment Novi Sad


Y E A R : 2011


ENVIROSCIENCENS

Glavni cilj projekta je bio vrednosno sagledavanje usluga ekosistema na teritoriji Novog Sada i okoline kao temelja uspešnog i održivog razvoja.

Usluge ekosistema podrazumevaju direktne koristi koje ljudi imaju od ekosistema. U svetu je zapaženo opadanje mnogih takvih koristi, zbog čega se pojavila težnja za njihovom sveobuhvatnom identifikacijom i utvrđivanjem stanja u kom se nalaze. Iza ovoga kao glavni argumenat stoji da opadanje usluga ekosistema predstavlja i veliki ekonomski gubitak. Mnoga prirodna dobra nemaju izraženu novčanu vrednost, zbog čega je te gubitke teško izračunati, što je probudilo interesovanje za njihovim ekonomskim vrednovanjem, a što bi moglo značajno uticati na buduće odluke o načinu korišćenja prirodnih resursa.

spEcifični ciljEvi1. identifikovanje usluga šumskih ekosistema na području fruške goreIzdvojiti konačne usluge ekosistema nije jednostavno zbog kompleksnosti prirodnih procesa iz kojih one proizilaze. Stoga je jedan od ciljeva bio da se prikaže kako je moguće redukovati tu kompleksnost, tj. odvojiti usluge ekosistema od samih procesa zarad odabiranja odgovarajućih metoda ekonomskog vrednovanja. U proceni vrednosti usluga ekosistema, posebna pažnja posvećena je samo nedrvnim šumskim proizvodima i uslugama rekreacije.

rezultati: Ekološka vrednost šumskog ekosistema prikazana je kroz uslovljenost prisustva lekovitih i jestivih vrsta biljaka (konačna usluga) od tipa staništa. Drugim rečima, ukazano je na to da su odgovarajući uslovi staništa potrebni zarad očuvanja nedrvnih šumskih proizvoda. Sprovođenjem ankete sa stanovnicima fruško-gorskih naselja, utvrđeno je da je korišćenje takvih proizvoda prisutno. Ovo ukazuje na potencijalnu ekonomsku vrednost tih usluga i samim tim na značaj očuvanja staništa na kojima se pojavljuju. U toku je ispitivanje nov-čane vrednosti takvih usluga, kao i kapaciteta samog ekosistema da obezbedi njihovo korišćenje. Pored ovoga, utvrđena je i visoka rekreativna vrednost šumskog ekosistema za lokalno stanovništvo.

2. utvrđivanje veze između korišćenja poljoprivrednog zemljišta i usluga polinatoraU Evropi je zapažen trend nestanka polinatora iz prirodnih i poluprirodnih ekosistema, u vezi s čim je utvr-đeno i opadanje nivoa prinosa na poljoprivrednim površinama, što jasno ukazuje na ekonomsku vrednost polinatorskih usluga. važno je utvrditi da li je ovaj trend prisutan i na našim prostorima. U cilju toga rađena su istraživanja brojnosti prirodnih polinatora u blizini poljoprivrednih površina.

rezultati: Na osnovu utvrđenog diverziteta polinatora i biljnih vrsta ustanovljena je degradacija i fragmenta-cija prirodnih staništa polinatora, kao i smanjena brojnost polinatorskih zajednica. kako bi se utvrdio uticaj opadanja brojnosti polinatora na prinos na prethodno određenim poljoprivrednim površinama, dalja ispiti-vanja su u toku.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : usluge šumskih ekosistema, usluge polinatora, lokalni održivi razvoj

EVALUACIJA STANJA EKOSISTEMA U NOVOM SADU I OKOLINI U CILJU NJIHOVOG ODRŽIVOG KORIŠĆENJA

sonja trifunov, sonja mudri, zlata markov, dušanka krašić, tijana nikolić, ante vujić Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Departman za biologiju i ekologiju


G O D I N A : 2011.


The main aim of the project was to recognise the value of ecosystem services on the territory of Novi Sad and its surroundings as an important base for successful and sustainable development.

Ecosystem services mean direct benefits which ecosystems provide to human population. Since diminution of many of such benefits around the world was recognised, the tendency for their comprehensive identification and the current state of ecosystem services has been rising. The main argument behind such efforts is that the decline in ecosystem services represents great economic loss. The loss, however, is difficult to estimate since many natural resources do not have monetary value attached. This has raised an interest in their economic valu-ation, which may have a significant impact on future decisions about the way natural resources should be used.

spEcific objEctivEs1. identification of forest ecosystem services in fruška gora regionSingling out final ecosystem services is not an easy process because of the complexity of the natural pro-cesses which produce them. Therefore, one of the project goals was to show how to reduce the complex-ity, or how to separate ecosystem services from the processes, in order to be able to choose appropriate methods for the economic valuation. In relation to the value estimation, special attention was paid only to non-timber forest products and to recreation values.

results: Ecological value of forest ecosystem was shown through dependence which exists between the pres-ence of medicinal and edible herbs (final services) and specific types of forest habitats. In other words, it was shown that specific living conditions are necessary for maintenance of this kind of forest products. From the questionnaire which was carried out with local residents, the existence of use of such products was found. This indicates the potential economic value of non-timber forest products, for which preservation of their habitats is important. The study of the monetary value of such services, as well as of the capacity of the ecosystem to provide them, is ongoing. Beside this, high recreational value of the forest ecosystem for the locals was found.

2. identifying the link between the use of agricultural lands and pollination servicesIn Europe, decline of pollinators from natural and semi-natural ecosystems has been noticed, as well as its relation to lower level of productivity of agricultural lands, which clearly points on the economic value of pollination services. It is important to identify if such trend is also present in vojvodina, the region in Serbia which is particularly rich in agricultural land. In order to find this, the investigation of the number of wild pollinators near agricultural lands was done.

results: On the basis of the investigation of diversity of pollinators and plant species, the presence of deg-radation and fragmentation of pollinators’ natural habitats was found, as well as decline of pollinators’ communities. The study is ongoing in order to identify the impact of their decline on the productivity of the previously specified agricultural lands.

K E Y W O R D S : forest ecosystem services, pollination services, local sustainable development

EVALUATION OF THE ECOSYSTEMS’ STATE IN NOVI SAD AND ITS SURROUNDINGS FOR THEIR SUSTAINABLE USE

sonja trifunov, sonja mudri, zlata markov, dušanka krašić, tijana nikolić, ante vujić University od Novi Sad, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology


Y E A R : 2011


ENVIROSCIENCENS

U okviru prvog dela projekta obavljeni su proračuni i izvršena merenja niskofrekvencijskog električ-nog i magnetskog polja u jednom od objekata predškolske ustanove „radosno detinjstvo“. U neposrednoj okolini objekta postoje dva nadzemna dalekovoda naponskih nivoa 110kv i 35kv. U projektu je dat prikaz mikrolokacije i dispozicije nadzemnih vodova sa osnovnim parametrima postojećih stubova. Opisan je uticaj niskofrekvencijskog električnog i magnetskog polja na životnu sredinu, sa posebnim osvrtom na uticaj ovih polja na čoveka. rezultati merenja i proračuna električnog i magnetskog polja unutar zgrade objekta, kao i u dvorištu objekta, su prikazani numerički i grafički. Na kraju su analizirane mogućnosti smanjenja ma-gnetskog polja i prikazani rezultati proračuna mogućih načina smanjenja magnetskog polja unutar objekta.

Da bi se ispitalo delovanje vremenski promenljivog magnetskog polja na žive ćelije, drugi deo projekta je predvideo konstrukciju uređaja za generisanje vremenski promenljivog, homogenog magnetskog polja, fre-kvencije 50hz, unutar unapred određenog domena. Taj domen, u obliku gvozdene kutije, definisao je Institut za onkologiju vojvodine, u kome će se uređaj koristiti za vršenje eksperimenata. Položaji i brojevi zavojaka Meritovih kalemova su određeni korišćenjem teoreme elektrodinamičke sličnosti. razvijen je sistem za na-pajanje kalemova, koji omogućava formiranje magnetskog polja trajne efektivne vrednosti intenziteta vek-tora magnetske indukcije od 0T do 1mT, sa mogućnošću daljeg proširenja opsega. Ceo sistem je verifikovan računarskim simulacijama i merenjima magnetskog polja izvan i unutar definisanog domena. Sačinjeno je i Uputstvo za upotrebu sistema, koje je isporučeno Institutu zajedno sa razvijenim i realizovanim sistemom.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : Merenje magnetskog polja 50Hz, poređenje sa maksimalnim dozvoljenim vrednostima, razvoj i realizacija izvora homogenog magnetskog polja 50Hz, verifikacija rada merenjem.

PROBLEMI ELEKTROMAGNETSKOG ZAGAĐENJA GRADA NOVOG SADA ELEKTROMAGNETSKIM POLJIMA NISKIH FREKVENCIJA

miroslav prša, anamarija juhas, miodrag milutinov, dejana herceg, karolina kasaš-lažetić Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Departman za energetiku, elektroniku i telekomunikacije, katedra za teorijsku elektroniku


G O D I N A : 2009.

ZrAČENJE54 ‣ 55

In the first part of the project calculation and measurement of ElF (Extra low Frequency) electric and magnetic fields in an object of kindergarten Company “radosno detinjstvo” were performed. In close vicinity of the object there are two high voltage overhead power lines; 110kv and 35kv. In the project the micro location and the disposition of power lines are presented, together with overhead transmission towers pa-rameters. An impact of ElF electric and magnetic field on environment is given, with emphasized impact on human. The results of electric and magnetic field calculations and measurements, inside the object’s building and across the object’s yard are presented numerically and graphically. Finally, the possibilities of decreasing electromagnetic field inside the object’s building are analized and presented.

In order to investigate an impact of time varying magnetic field on a living cells, the second part of the project was a construction of time varying, 50hz, homogeneous magnetic field inside a previously defined domain source. The domain, in a form of iron box, was defined by the Oncology Institute of voivodine, in which the experiments will be performed. Applying electrodynamic similarity theorem on Merritt coils, the position and number of coils’ turns were determined. Developed supplying system enables production of magnetic field, with magnetic flux density vector whose rMS magnitude can be fixed from 0T to 1mT, with possibility of extended the range. The system was verified by computer simulations and magnetic field mea-surements outside and inside the defined domain. User’s manual for the system was created and delivered to the Institute, together with the developed and constructed system.

K E Y W O R D S : Measurements of magnetic field, 50Hz, comparison with maximal allowed values, development and realization of homogenous magnetic field source, 50Hz, functional verification by measurement.

EXTRA LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS POLLUTION PROBLEMS IN CITY OF NOVI SAD

miroslav prša, anamarija juhas, miodrag milutinov, dejana herceg, karolina kasaš-lažetić Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Power, Electronics and Telecommunications, Chair of Theoretical Electrotechnics


Y E A R : 2009

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realizacija programa započeta je 2010 godine na katedri za telekomunikacije i obradu signala, Fakultet tehničkih nauka. Program je od svog početka sufinansiran od strane Gradske uprave za zaštitu životne sredine.

Osnovni cilj projekta je izrada baze podataka svih izvora n.z. od posebnog interesa u radio-frekvencij-skom opsegu na teritoriji Grada Novog Sada, koja će omogućiti ažurnu periodičnu kontrolu-praćenje zrače-nja ovih izvora, a prema članu 8. „Pravilnika o izvorima nejonizujućih zračenja od posebnog interesa, vrstama izvora , načinu i periodi njihovog ispitivanja” („Sl. glasnik rS”, br.104/2009.).

rEzultati:1. Izvršena je analiza strukture teritorije Grada Novog Sada i utvrđeno je da zonu povećane osetljivosti čine teritorija Novog Sada sa stambenim četvrtima i teritorije prigradskih naselja.

2. Na osnovu evidencije radio-dozvola republičke agencije za elektronske komunikacije (rATEl) utvrđene su lokacije stacionarnih izvora nejonizujućih zračenja u radio-frekvencijskom opsegu na teritoriji Grada No-vog Sada. Prema podacima sa kraja 2011. godine za teritoriju Grada postoji 1397 važećih radio dozvola za stacionarne izvore. Trenutno se u bazi podataka nalaze lokacije operatera mobilne i bežične fiksne telefonije pošto za njih postoje adekvatna merenja (GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, CDMA). Utvrđeno je da navedeni ope-rateri koriste 209 predajnih lokacija na teritoriji Grada. Za UkW radiofoniju i vhF/UhF televiziju lokacije su takođe poznate, ali se ne raspolaže kontrolnim merenjima.

3. Analizirana je dokumentacija za izvore n.z. za koje su obavljena prva ispitivanja (merenja) EM polja i izvore čije su izmerene vrednosti EM polja u zoni povećane osetljivosti veće od 10% graničnih vrednosti definisanih “Pravilnikom o granicama izlaganja nejonizujućim zračenjima” identifikovani su kao posebna klasa: izvori od posebnog interesa. Na raspolaganju su bili izveštaji o merenjima EM polja baznih stanica koji se odnose na 66 različitih predajnika. Utvrđeno je da među njima postoji 19 izvora od posebnog interesa koji se mogu svrstati u različite kategorije, u zavisnosti od toga koji frekvencijski opseg je razmatran: pojedinačni kanal (2), grupa kanala (7) ili kumulativne emisije svih postojećih izvora (10).

4. Formirana je MySql baza podataka koja omogućuje karakterizaciju izvora nejonizujućeg zračenja (predaj-na oprema, tehnika prenosa, predajna antena) i karakterizaciju merenja.

5. Ažuriranje i prikaz podataka realizovani su kroz internet aplikaciju, koja je razvijena u programskom jeziku PhP. Aplikacija omogućuje grafičko prikazivanje lokacija izvora nejonizujućih zračenja i mernih tačaka, po-moću interaktivnih markera na Google mapi, odnosno selekciju relevantnih informacija o izvorima zračenja ili samim merenjima. Aplikacija podržava formiranje raznih tipova izveštaja u tabelarnoj ili grafičkoj formi koji su prilagođeni štampanju.

6. U toku 2012. godine biće obavljena kontrolna merenja za UkW radiofoniju i vhF/UhF televiziju kako bi se izvršio uvid u tekuće nivoe n.z. i upotpunila postojeća evidencija.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : nejonizujuće zračenje, baza podataka izvora nejonizujućeg zračenja

KREIRANJE BAZE PODATAKA SVIH IZVORA NEJONIZUJUĆEG ZRAČENJA OD POSEBNOG INTERESA U RADIO-FREKVENCIJSKOM OPSEGU NA TERITORIJI GRADA NOVOG SADA

vladimir milošević, milan narandžić Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka, katedra za telekomunikacije i obradu signala


G O D I N A : 2010-2011.

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Program implementation began in 2010 at the Chair of Telecommunications and Signal Processing, Fac-ulty of Technical Sciences. The program is co-financed from its inception by the Novi Sad City Administration for Environmental Protection.

The main project objective is development of the database of all non-ionizing sources in radio-frequency range in the city of Novi Sad, which will enable prompt periodic control of radiation sources according to article 8 of “reg-ulations on non-ionizing radiation sources of interest, types of sources, methods and periods of their verification.”

rEsults:1. By analysis of the Novi Sad territory the following zones of increased sensitivity are recognized: territory of city with the residential neighborhoods and suburbs territory.

2. Based on the radio-license records of the republic Agency for Electronic Communications (rATEl), the locations of stationary sources of the non-ionizing radiation in the radio-frequency range on the territory of Novi Sad are determined. At the end of 2011, 1397 valid radio-licenses for stationary sources have been issued for the territory of Novi Sad. Currently the database stores locations exploited by mobile and fixed wireless operators (GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, CDMA) because adequate measurements are available only for them. It was found that these operators use the 209 transmitting sites in the city. For FM radio and Tv broadcasting sites are also known, but the control measurements are missing.

3. We analyzed the initial measurements of the EM field, conducted when NI sources were put into service. Those sources whose measured values of EM field in the zone of increased sensitivity were over 10% of the limit values defined in “rules on limits of exposure to ionizing radiation” has been identified as a special class: the sources of special interest. The available reports of EM field measurements in the vicinity of base stations are related to 66 different transmitters. It was found that among them there are 19 sources of spe-cial interest which can be divided into different categories, depending on which frequency band is considered: a single channel (2), a group of channels (7) or the cumulative emissions of all existing sources (10).

4. The MySql database that allows the characterization of sources of non-ionizing radiation (transmitting equip-ment, transmission technique, and transmitting antenna) and the characterization of measurements is created.

5. Update and presentation of data from database have been realized through the internet application, devel-oped in the PhP programming language. The application provides a graphical display of location of non-ion-izing radiation sources and measurement points, using the interactive Google map markers or selection of relevant information on radiation sources or measurements. The application supports the formation of various types of printer-ready reports in tabular or graphical form.

6. During the 2012, control measurements will be performed on FM radio and Tv broadcasting sites to quan-tify the non-ionizing radiation levels and extend existing records.

K E Y W O R D S : non-ionizing radiation, database of non-ionizing radiation sources

CREATION OF A DATABASE OF ALL NON-IONIZING RADIATION SOURCES IN RADIO FREQUENCY BAND IN THE CITY OF NOVI SAD

vladimir milošević, milan narandžić University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Chair of Telecommunications and Signal Processing


Y E A R : 2010-2011

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rezultat aktivnosti na ovom projektu predstavlja funkcionalni korisnički Internet portal namenjen prez-entaciji podataka ispitivanja informacione mreže za kontinualno i udaljeno ispitivanje elektromagnetskih (EM) polja – SEMONT.

Informaciona mreža SEMONT se razvija u okviru programa tehnološkog razvoja republike Srbije, za pe-riod od 2011–2014. godine, a projektovana je da obavlja kontinualna ispitivanja sveukupnog i kumulativnog nivoa EM polja iz opsega nejonizujućih zračenja. U okviru ove mreže vrše se merenja trenutnog i sveukupnog nivoa EM polja u širokopojasnom opsegu, od svih izvora u okolini, na teritoriji ili lokaciji od interesa.

Uvažavajući činjenicu da je u javnosti prisutna zabrinutost u vezi mogućih negativnih posledica dugotrajnog izlaganja EM poljima, realizovani Internet portal predstavlja osnovu za pravovremeno informisanje zainteresovanih korisnika i lokalnih Uprava za zaštitu od nejonizujućih zračenja o trenutnom nivou EM polja, odnosno nivou takozvanog EM zagađenja na određenom području.

Internet portal pruža mogućnost uvida u buduće rezultate dnevnih ispitivanja informacione mreže SEMONT. korisnicima se na elektronskoj mapi prikazuju lokacije pojedinih senzorskih elemenata, a na grafikonima i u tabelama informacije o dnevnim promenama sveukupnog nivoa EM polja u okolini pojedinih senzorskih elemenata.Internet portalu se može pristupiti preko internet adrese - http://semont.ftn.uns.ac.rs

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : elektromagnetska polja, monitoring, senzorske mreže

RAZVOJ INTERNET PORTALA INFORMACIONE MREŽE ZA KONTINUALNO I UDALJENO ISPITIVANJE ELEKTROMAGNETSKIH POLJA

nikola đurić, miroslav prša, vera bajović, karolina kasaš-lažetić, dragiša mišković, dragan knežević, mirjana torbok Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Departman za energetiku, elektroniku i telekomunikacije, katedra za teorijsku elektrotehniku


G O D I N A : 2011.

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The result of the project activities is a functional user Internet portal dedicated to the presentation of measurement data of information network for continual and remote investigation of electromagnetic (EM) fields - SEMONT.

Information network SEMONT develops under the program of technological development of the republic of Serbia for period 2011-2014. year and it is designed to perform continual testing of the overall and cumu-lative levels of the EM fields, in a range of non-ionizing radiation. Within this network the measurements of current and the overall level of the EM fields are performed, in the broadband range from all sources in the region or area of interest.

recognizing the present public concern about possible negative consequences of long-term exposure to the EM fields, implemented Internet portal represents foundation for timely informing the interested users and local agencies for non-ionizing radiation protection about current level of the EM fields and about the so-called EM pollution in a particular area .

Internet portal offers an insight into the future results of daily measurements of the information net-work – SEMONT. On an electronic map users can see the location of individual sensor elements, while on the graphs and tables information on daily changes of the overall level of electromagnetic fields around the individual sensor elements is presented.Internet portal can be accessed through the internet address - http://semont.ftn.uns.ac.rs

K E Y W O R D S : electromagnetic field, monitoring, sensor network

DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNET PORTAL OF INFORMATION NETWORK FOR CONTINUAL AND REMOTE INVESTIGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS

nikola đurić, miroslav prša, vera bajović, karolina kasaš-lažetić, dragiša mišković, dragan knežević, mirjana torbok University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Power, Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, Chair of Theoretical Electrical Engineering


Y E A R : 2011

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Projekat „Ispitivanje izloženosti ljudi magnetskom polju trafostanica“ je posvećen ispitivanju i merenju intenziteta vektora magnetske indukcije na niskim frekvencijama na teritoriji Grada. Ispitivanja niskofre-kventnog magnetskog polja u okolini trafostanica izvršena su u skladu sa standardima EN 50413:2008, IEC 61786:1998 i EN 62110:2009. Ispitivanja su urađena sa aspekta izloženosti stanovništva magnetskom polju u odnosu na referentne granične nivoe koji su definisani Pravilnikom o granicama izlaganja nejonizujućim zračenjima, Sl. glasnik rS, br. 104/2009.

krajem 2010. godine ICNIrP (International Commission on Non-ionizing radiation Protection) je objavio dokument “Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields (1 hz-100 khz),” health Physics, vol. 99, pp. 818-836, Dec. 2010, u kom je granica za izlaganje opšte populacije magnetskom polju industrijske frekvencije podignuta sa prethodnih 100 μT na novih 200 μT. U istom dokumentu je nave-deno da postoje istraživanja čiji rezultati ukazuju da hronično izlaganje magnetskim poljima niskih frekvenci-ja intenziteta 0,3–0,4 μT može da nepovoljno utiče na zdravlje ljudi. Sa aspekta zaštite životne sredine postoji stoga potreba da se sazna više o nivoima i raspodeli magnetskog polja na teritoriji Grada Novog Sada. Od posebnog su interesa magnetska polja u okolini trafostanica, gde se mogu očekivati povišeni nivoi. Opsežna merenja magnetskog polja trafostanica smeštenih u zgradama su nedavno rađena u Mađarskoj i Finskoj. Njihovi rezultati pokazuju da u prostorijama iznad trafostanica magnetsko polje višestruko prelazi vrednost od 0,4 μT. Za donošenje zaključaka o tipičnim intenzitetima magnetskog polja u zgradama sa trafostanicama potrebno je statistički obraditi veliki broj rezultata, za šta je potrebno razviti medjunarodnu bazu podataka. Na teritoriji Grada Novog Sada postoji nekoliko desetina trafo stanica u zgradama i svaka od njih je specifič-na, s obzirom na instalisanu snagu transformatora i način gradnje objekta. Projekat „Ispitivanje izloženosti ljudi magnetskom polju trafostanica“, predstavlja prvu fazu istraživanja, koja obuhvata merenja, procenu maksimalnih nivoa i grafičko predstavljanje raspodele magnetskog polja u okolini distributivnih trafostanica. Tokom ovog Projekta, tokom 2011. godine ispitano je magnetsko polje u okolini dve trafostanice u Novom Sadu. kako se na teritoriji Grada nalazi više desetina transformatora u zgradama, Projekat je nastavljen i tokom 2012. godine i time je omogućeno njihovo dalje ispitivanje.

Zahvaljujemo se Gradskoj upravi za zaštitu životne sredine grada Novog Sada, koja je finansirala ovaj Projekat i tako omogućila merenje i ispitivanje niskofrekventnog električnog i magnetskog polja transfor-matora, kao jednog važnog faktora u zaštiti životne sredine. Takođe se zahvaljujemo Privrednom društvu za distribuciju električne energije „Elektrovojvodina“, koje je omogućilo da se očitaju neophodne efektivne vrednosti struja za vreme merenja magnetskog polja trafostanica.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : izloženost ljudi magnetskom polju, trafostanice u zgradama

ISPITIVANJE IZLOŽENOSTI LJUDI MAGNETSKOM POLJU TRAFOSTANICA

neda pekarić nađ, anamarija juhas, miodrag milutinov Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka, Departman za energetiku, elektroniku i telekomunikacije, katedra za teorijsku elektrotehniku


G O D I N A : 2011.

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Project „Investigation of general public exposure to the magnetic field of distribution transformers”is devoted to measurements and exploration of the low frequency magnetic flux density around transformers inside buildings in the city of Novi Sad. The study is based on the standards EN 50413:2008, IEC 61786:1998 and EN 62110: 2009. The general population exposure level is accessed according to the reference levels as defined by Serbian national rulebook (Sl. glasnik rS, br. 104/2009).

In December 2010, the International Commission on Non-ionizing radiation Protection (ICNIrP) pub-lished the “Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric and magnetic fields (1 hz-100 khz)” (health Physics, vol. 99, pp. 818-836, Dec. 2010). The document raised the already existing 50 hz magnetic flux density limit for the general population from 100 μT to the new value of 200 μT. In the same the docu-ment quated the findings of some well established studies that the low frequency magnetic flux density as low as 0,3–0,4 μT can affect health, particularly in children. Because of that, the City authorities of Novi Sad accepted to finance a survey of the low frequency magnetic fileds as a part of environment protection activi-ties. The goal is to explore the levels of magnetic fields originating from the power distribution transformers built in the buildings, as potentially the most significan sources of the low frequency magnetic fields. Similar survays of the magnetic fields inside the buildings were recently conducted in hungary and Finland. Their results indicate that the 50hz magnetic flux density above the transformers in the buildings is many times higher than 0,4 μT. The magnetic flux density is difficult to predict and it can only be measured, because each transformer is a case for itself, depending on the installed transformer power and the building style. Statisti-cal processing of many different measurement resuls is necessery in order to determine a possible range for the magnetic flux density to be expected above transformers in the buildings. Such procedure demands a big number of cases and formation of an international data base. As there are several tens of built in transform-ers in Novi Sad, the City of Novi Sad is interested in taking part in the international data base for the benefit of its citizents. The project „Investigation of general public exposure to the magnetic field of distribution transformers” is the first phase of a bigger study to identify, access maximal levels and grafically represent the most significant low frequency magnetic field sources in Novi Sad. In 2011 the magnetic field distribution was survayed at two locations. The project continues in 2012 as more objects need to be investigated.

We are grateful to the Secretariat for Environment Protection, City of Novi Sad, for financing the project and thus enabled exploration of one important environmental factor. We are also grateful to the people from the local power grid company, „Elektrovojvodina“, who measured the rMS currents of the transformers while we simultaneously measured the magnetic flux densities inside the buildings of interest.

K E Y W O R D S : exposure of general population to magnetic field, transformers in buildings

INVESTIGATION OF GENERAL PUBLIC EXPOSURE TO THE MAGNETIC FIELD OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

neda pekarić nađ, anamarija juhas, miodrag milutinov University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department for energy, electronics and telecommunications, Cathedra for fundamental electrotechnics


Y E A R : 2011

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U lаborаtoriji za Nuklearnu fiziku, PMF u Novom Sadu je rаzvijenа specijаlnа eksperimentаlnа postаvkа zа merenje koeficijentа difuzije rаdonа i toronа kroz mаterijаle pomoću rаdonskog detektorа visoke osetljiv-osti - аlfа-spektrometrа rAD7 аmeričke proizvodnje. Plаnirа se ispitivаnje oko 50 vrstа izolаcionih mаteri-jаlа koji se koriste u grаđevinаrstvu. Nа ovаj nаčin moguće je ispitаti zаvisnost trаnsportа rаdonа i toronа kroz mаterijаle od debljine slojа mаterijаlа. Do sаdа su izvršenа merenjа nа nekoliko mаterijаlа (аlumini-jum, šper pločа, lаminаt, gumа, kondor) i utvrđene su znаčаjne rаzlike u kvаlitetu pojedinih mаterijаlа sа аs-pektа njihove upotrebe u izolаciji postojećih objekаtа od rаdonа, kаo i pri izrаdi novih grаđevinskih objekаtа.

Od materijala upotrebljenih u ovom eksperimentu najniža vrednost difuzionog koeficijenta dobijena je za aluminijumski lim. Nešto višu vrednost (1.35 puta u odnosu na aluminijum ) ima guma, pa slede kon-dor materijal i tarket linoleum. kako su izmerene vrednosti difuzionih koeficijenata za navedene materi-jale , oni su veoma dobri izolatori od radona i preporučljivo ih je koristiti u zaštiti stambe-nih objekata. Za šper ploču i tarket laminat dobijene su znatno više vrednosti koeficijenta difuzije radona ( respektivno) te ovi materijali nisu dobri izolatori od radona, zbog njihove relativno visoke poroznosti. Na bazi rezultata eksperimenta opisanog u ovom radu uočavaju se značajne razlike u kvalitetu pojedinih materijala sa aspekta njihove moguće upotrebe radi poboljšanja zaštite unutrašnjosti postojećih objekata od radona, kao i pri izradi novih građevinskih objekata.

U radu je razmatran uticaj granulacije građevinskih materijala na emanaciju radona iz ovih materijala, pri čemu su ispitivani materijali mlevenjem dovođeni u praškaste forme različitog stepena granulacije. Izuzev cirkonium-silikata, koncentracija ra-226 u ovim materijalima je bila relativno niska , što je dovodilo do rel-ativno velike merne nesigurnosti prilikom merenja koncentracije rn-222 unutar zatvorene staklene komore pomoću uređaja rAD-7.

Iako je cirkonium-silikat bio u formi vrlo finog praha, sa srednjom veličinom čestica 0.39 μm, koeficijent emanacije radona iz ovog materijala je izuzetno nizak (ispod 0.5%), što ukazuje na slabu zavisnost koefici-jenta emanacije od granulacije. Takođe je utvrđeno da u slučaju peska granulacija ne igra značajnu ulogu kada je u pitanju koeficijent emanacije radona, odnosno da se stepen emanacije ne povećava sa smanjen-jem veličine čestica. kod keramičkih pločica i cigle je utvrđeno da postoji određeno smanjenje koeficijenta emanacije kada su ovi materijali u obliku lomljenih fragmenata u odnosu na praškastu formu. Najizraženiji uticaj granulacije na koeficijent emanacije radona uočen je kod uzorka siporeks bloka. koeficijent emanacije je najveći (27 %) za najfiniju granulaciju praha (srednja veličina čestica 0.34 μm), dok za grublju granulaciju (0.75 μm) ovaj koeficijent ima za oko 30% nižu vrednost. koeficijent emanacije iz komada siporeks bloka je čak 4 puta niži u odnosu na najfiniju granulaciju siporeksa u formi praha.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : radon, koeficijent difuzije, građevinski materijal, uticaj granulacije, alfa spektrometrija

ISTRAŽIVANJE IZOLACIONIH SVOJSTAVA MATERIJALA ZA SPREČAVANJE NAGOMILAVANJA RADONA U ZATVORENIM STAMBENIM PROSTORIJAMA

ištvan bikit, dušan mrđa, sofija forkapić Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Departman za fiziku


G O D I N A : 2010.

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The Nuclear Physics laboratory, at the Faculty of Sciences in Novi Sad, has developed a special experi-mental setup for measuring the diffusion coefficient of radon and thoron through materials using high sensi-tivity radon detector - rAD7 alpha spectrometer of American production. It is planned to test about 50 types of insulation materials that are used in construction. In this way, it is possible to examine the dependence of radon and thoron transport through materials in relation to the thickness of material. So far, measurements have been performed on several materials (aluminum, plywood, laminate, rubber, condor) and found signifi-cant differences in the quality of certain materials in terms of their use in isolation of existing buildings from radon, as well as in the design of new buildings.

Of the materials used in this experiment, the lowest value of diffusion coefficient was obtained for alumi-num sheet. Slightly higher value (1.35 times compared to aluminum) has rubber, followed by condor materi-al and tarket linoleum. Since the measured values of diffusion coefficients for above mentioned materials is

, they are very good insulators of radon and it is recommended to use them for the shielding of residential buildings. For plywood and laminate tarket there have been obtained significantly higher values of the diffusion coefficient of radon ( and respectively), so these materials don’t present good insulators of radon, due to their relatively high porosity. Based on the results of the experiment described in this study, there have been observed significant differences in the quality of certain materials in terms of their possible use to help the improvement of shielding the interior of existing buildings from radon, as well as in the design of new buildings.

The paper analyzes the effect of granulation of building materials on radon emanation from these mate-rials, and the tested materials were grinded until powder forms with different degrees of granulation have been achieved. Except zirconium-silicate, the concentration of ra-226 in these materials was relatively low, which lead to relatively large measurement uncertainty of the concentration measurement of rn-222, sealed within the glass chamber, using rAD-7.

Although the zirconium-silicate was in the form of very fine powder, with average particle size of 0.39 μm, coefficient of radon emanation from this material is extremely low (below 0.5%), indicating a weak de-pendence of the emanation coefficient with grain size. Also, it was found that in the case of sand, granulation does not play a significant role when it comes to radon emanation coefficient, in other words, the degree of emanation does not increase with decreasing of particle size. For ceramic tile and brick, it was found that there is a certain decrease in the emanation coefficient when these materials are in the form of broken frag-ments compared to the powder form. The most obvious impact of granulation on radon emanation coefficient was observed in the sample of siporex block. Emanation coefficient was highest (27%) for the finest granula-tion powder (mean particle size of 0.34 μm), while for the coarser granularity (0.75 μm), this coefficient has about 30% lower value. The coefficient of emanation from a piece of siporex block is even 4 times lower than for the finest granularity of siporex in the form of powder.

K E Y W O R D S : radon, diffusion coefficient, building materials, granulation effect, alpha spectrometry

RESEARCH ON ISOLATING PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS FOR PREVENTING RADON BUILD-UP IN CLOSED RESIDENTIAL AREAS

ištvan bikit, dušan mrđa, sofija forkapić University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, The Nuclear Physics laboratory


Y E A R : 2010

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laboratorija za ispitivanje radioaktivnosti uzoraka i doze jonizujućeg i nejonizujućeg zračenja na katedri za nuklearnu fiziku je pokazala da se tehnika merenja koncentracije aktivnosti proizvedenog radionuklida 137Cs u slojevima zemljišta može uspešno primeniti na određivanje brzine erozije i procene godišnjeg gubitka zemljišta. Metoda je jednostavna, brza, precizna i ne zahteva dugogodišnja merenja i prikupljanje podataka. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata moguće je izvesti sledeće zaključke:

1. Zemljište na potezu naselja ribnjak ispod Mišeluka na sremskoj strani Dunava pokazuje erozivno po-našanje usled klizišta i spiranja u proseku od oko 1,5 t po hektaru godišnje. Ova vrednost brzine erozije je prilično konstantna na određenom broju uzorkovanih profila zemljišta sa odabrane dve strmine pogodne za ispitivanje erozije.

2. Potrebno je sprovesti opširnija i detaljnija istraživanja i merenja sa uzorkovanjem po grid metodi sa ve-likim brojem jednako raspoređenih tačaka kako bi se preciznije i jasnije ispitalo ponašanje zemljišta. Ovaj teren nije samo ravan, sastavljen je od velikog broja udolina i neravnina i ne pokazuje jednolično ponašanje po pitanju erozije i depozicije nanosa zemljišta.

3. U poslednje vreme na ovom potezu je bilo prilično radova, zidani su i renovirani objekti, izgrađeni su putevi i infrastruktura, verovatno je nanošeno i zemljšte doneto sa strane, što se može zaključiti iz odstupanja od jednostavne eksponencijalne zavisnosti raspodele aktivnosti cezijuma 137Cs po dubini zemljišta i pojava me-sta sa depozicijom zemljišta umesto očekivane erozije usled smanjenja nadmorske visine.

4. Na osnovu procene brzine erozije i godišnjeg nanosa zemljišta moguće je planirati upravljanje ovim ze-mljištem u budućnosti i preduzeti niz aktivnosti koje bi predupredili narušavanje stambenih objekata i ugro-žavanje bezbednosti ljudi koji ovde stanuju.

5. Pošto ne postoje tačke na dnu strmine sa povećanom depozicijom zemljišta, očekivano je intenzivno stvaranje nanosa i sedimenta na obali Dunava što kroz duži vremenski period može izmeniti izgled priobalja Dunava.

6. Sve upućuje na potrebu za opsežnom studijom ovog prirodnog procesa kako bi gradske vlasti preduzele neophodne mere za sanaciju ovog problema. Ova tehnika bi mogla da se primeni u ovakvim studijama i la-boratorija je pokazala da raspolaže neophodnom opremom i metodama kako bi omogućila precizna merenja niskih aktivnosti cezijuma u sedimentu i zemljištu.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : gama spektrometrija, erozija zemljišta, raspodela aktivnosti cezijuma 137Cs

PROCENA BRZINE EROZIJE ZEMLJIŠTA NA OSNOVU MERENJA KONCENTRACIJE AKTIVNOSTI RADIONUKLIDA

ištvan bikit, nataša todorović, dušan mrđa, sofija forkapić, jovana nikolov, jan hansman Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Departman za fiziku


G O D I N A : 2011.

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laboratory for radioactivity analysis and dose assessment has shown that the technique for measuring the activity concentration of produced radionuclide 137Cs in layers of soil can be successfully applied to deter-mine the erosion rate and estimation of annual loss of soil. The method is simple, fast, precise and doesn’t require measurement and data acquisition over several years. Based on derived results, the following con-clusions can be made:

1. The soil in ribnjak settlement below Mišeluk on Srem District side of the Danube is showing erosive be-havior due to soil sliding and runoff, in average 1.5 t per hectare annually. This erosion rate value is almost constant for certain number of sampled soil profiles from two selected slopes suitable for erosion analysis.

2. It is necessary to conduct extensive and more detailed research and measurements using grid sampling with a large number of equally distributed points, in order to precisely investigate the behavior of soil. This terrain is not flat, it consists of a large number of valleys and irregularities and doesn’t show monotonous behavior regarding erosion and deposition of soil drift.

3. lately, there has been a lot of construction work in this part of land, buildings have been built and reno-vated, roads and infrastructure have also been built, and probably a lot of soil have been brought from other locations, which can be concluded based on the deviation from simple exponential dependency of 137Cs activity distribution with soil depth, and the appearance of areas with soil deposition instead of the expected erosion due to decrease in altitude.

4. Based on the estimation for erosion rate and annual soil drift, it is possible to plan the management of this soil in the future and take on a series of activities that will prevent the endangerment of residential buildings and the safety of its inhabitants.

5. Because there are no areas at the bottom of the slope with increased deposition of soil, intensive drift and sediment formation at the cost of Danube is expected, which, in long- term, can change the appearance of Danube cost.

6. All of this implies to a necessity for extensive study of this natural process, so that city authorities can take necessary actions to solve this problem. This technique could be applied in this type of study and the laboratory has shown that it possesses the necessary equipment and methods in order to achieve precise measurements of low activity of cesium in sediments and soil.

K E Y W O R D S : gamma spectrometry, soil erosion, 137Cs activity distribution

ESTIMATION OF SOIL EROSION RATE BASED ON THE MEASUREMENT OF ACTIVITY CONCENTRATION OF RADIONUCLIDES

ištvan bikit, nataša todorović, dušan mrđa, sofija forkapić, jovana nikolov, jan hansman University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, The Nuclear Physics laboratory


Y E A R : 2011

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Projekat obuhvata istraživanje i praćenje nivoa zagađivača životne sredine u gradu Novom Sadu koja potiče od grafičke delatnosti i predlaganje mera za njihovo upravljanje, odnosno eliminisanje ili dovođenje u granice dozvoljenog.

aktivnosti na sprovođenju projekta obuhvataju:a) Ažuriranje podataka o registrovanim štamparijama u Novom Sadu,b) Ispitivanje i merenje otpadnih i opasnih materija,c) kontrolu nivoa zagađenosti vode od grafičke delatnosti,d) Istraživanja nivoa buke,e) Davanje predloga za upravljanje otpadom i drugim zagađivačima životne sredine,f) Davanje predloga mera za sanaciju i prevenciju,g) Davanje predloga akata i propisa za regulisanje nivoa zagađenosti od grafičke delatnosti za grad Novi Sad.

projekat je višegodišnji, a u toku prve godine ostvareni su rezultati u tri oblasti:1) Formiranje baze podataka o registrovanim štamparijama,2) Analiza kvaliteta otpadnih voda,3) Analiza buke i mapiranje.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : grafičko inženjerstvo, štamparije, otpad, zagađenost vode, buka.

ZAŠTITA ŽIVOTNE SREDINE U OBLASTI GRAFIČKE DELATNOSTI U GRADU NOVOM SADU

ivana kovačić, livija cvetićanin, đorđe đukić, jelena kiurski, živko pavlović, jelena krstić, ivana oros Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka


G O D I N A : 2010.

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The project is concerned with the investigation and monitoring of the environmental degradation stem-ming from Graphical Engineering, i.e. the printing houses located in the City of Novi Sad. The project also encompasses measures for reducing detrimental impacts, pollution control and remediation.

the activities that have been or are to be undertaken include:a) Forming a database update of legally registered printing houses in Novi Sad,b) Testing and measuring waste and hazardous substances,c) Determining control-level water pollution,d) Conduction noise level analysis,e) Preparing a waste manager plan,f) listing recommendations for pollution prevention and control measuresg) Composing proposals for local legislation acts related to the pollution stemming from the printing houses

in the City of Novi Sad.

at the end of the first phase of this multi-year project the following results have been achieved:1) The database of legally registered printing houses has been formed,2) Waste water quality analysis has been carried out,3) Environmental noise mapping has been performed

K E Y W O R D S : Graphycal Engineering, Printing Houses, Waste, Water Pollution, Noise

GRAPHICAL ENGINEERING IN THE CITY OF NOVI SAD: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

ivana kovačić, livija cvetićanin, đorđe đukić, jelena kiurski, živko pavlović, jelena krstić, ivana oros University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences


Y E A R : 2010

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ENVIROSCIENCENS

rezultati dvogodišnjih ispitivanja ukazuju na značajan potencijal onih vrsta koje se svakodnevno sreću u okolini Novog Sada. rezultati ukazuju na činjenicu da je Novi Sad grad sa razvijenom segetalnom vegetac-ijom, da uprkos urbanizaciji postoje izolovana mesta gde se očuvao prirodni vegetacijski sklop, da pojedini predstavnici segetalne vegetacije imaju značajan biomedicinski potencijal, kao i da je neophodno nastaviti istraživanja u smislu pronalaženja većeg broja vrsta sa aktivnim biomolekulima u jednom pravcu, kao i kom-patibilni monitoring staništa u cilju odabira prirodnih vegetacijskih kompozicija koje bi se eventualno koristile kao resursni izvor. Na osnovu izvedenih hemijskih i biohemijskih istraživanja može se konstatovati da znača-jno antioksidantno delovanje na nivou neutralizacije DPPh radikala ispoljavaju ekstrakti dobijeni iz Mentha dumetorum (lamiaceae), Allium vineale var. vineale i Allium vineale var. compactum, i Amorpha fruticosa, kao i ekstrakt ivanjskog cveća - Galium verum, rubiaceae, koji bi se mogao, uz detaljnija biohemijska i farmakološka ispitivanja, predložiti kao jedna od sirovina za proizvodnju dijetetskih suplemenata i fitoprepa-rata. Navedeni preparati se primenjuju u prevenciji nastanka različitih oboljenja modernog doba, koja su direktna posledica oksidativnog stresa. Pezultati dobijeni kroz ispitivanje antimikrobnog delovanja etarskog ulja Mentha longifolia ukazali su na određen antimikrobni potencijal. Naročito je uočljiv značajan inhibi-torni efekat na rast i razvoj pojedinih Gram-(+)-bakterija kao što su Staphylococcus aureus i Staphylococ-cus epidermidis, i određen stepen antifungalnog delovanja. Antimikrobna, pre svega antifungalna aktivnost etarskog ulja Salvia nemorosa može se iskoristiti, uz detaljnija biohemijska i farmakološka ispitivanja, u kremama koje se primenjuju kod različitih dermatoloških promena na stopalu, ali i drugim delovima tela.

K L J U Č N E R E Č I : korovska flora, prirodni resurs, farmacija

KOROVSKE VRSTE GRADA NOVOG SADA – POTENCIJALNI RESURS ZA FARMACEUTSKU INDUSTRIJU

neda mimica-dukic, biljana božin, goran anačkov, pal boža Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet, Departman za biologiju i ekologiju


G O D I N A : 2011.

INDUSTrIJA70 ‣ 71

results of two-year study indicate on significant potential of species faced every day in the vicinity of Novi Sad. The results indicate that Novi Sad is the city with developed segetal vegetation in spite of ur-banization. There are isolated places where the natural vegetation is preserved. research confirmed that some representatives of segetal flora have significant biomedical potential. But, it is necessary to continue research to find out a number of wild growing species with active biomolecules, and a compatible habitat monitoring in order to select the composition of natural vegetation that would be possibly used as a resource of natural bioactive compounds. On the basis of the chemical and biochemical research can be concluded that a significant antioxidant effect on the level of neutralization of DPPh radicals exhibited extracts ob-tained from Mentha dumetorum (lamiaceae), Allium vineale var. vineale, Allium vineale var. compactum, and Amorpha fruticosa, as well as the extract of Galium verum, rubiaceae, which could be, after detailed biochemical and pharmacological studies, proposed as one of the raw materials for the production of dietary supplements and phytopreparations. These products are widely used in the prevention of various diseases of modern ages, as a direct result of oxidative stress. results obtained through testing of antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Mentha longifolia pointed on certain antimicrobial potential. Especially significant is the apparent inhibitory effect on growth and development of certain Gram-(+)-bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and some degree of antifungal activity.

Antimicrobial, primarily antifungal activity of essential oil of Salvia nemorosa can be used, with detailed biochemical and pharmacological studies, in the preparation of the creams that are applied in various der-matological changes in the foot, but also in other parts of the body.

K E Y W O R D S : weed flora, natural resource, pharmacy

WEED SPECIES OF NOVI SAD - A POTENTIAL RESOURCE FOR PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

neda mimica-dukic, biljana božin, goran anačkov, pal boža University of Novi Sad, Faculty of sciences, Departmenet of Biology and Ecology


Y E A R : 2011

INDUSTry

CIP - Kaталогизација у публикацијиБиблиотека Матице српске, Нови Сад

502/504(497.113 Novi Sad(048.3)

EnvirosciEncE ns 2012 : knjiga apstrakata = the Book of Abstracts / [urednik Aleksandra Jovanović-Galović]. - Novi Sad : Gradska uprava za zaštitu životne sredine, 2012 (Novi Sad : Stojkov). 72, str. : ilustr. ; 24cm

Uporedo srp. tekst i engl. prevod. - Tiraž 500.

ISBN 978-86-910591-4-9

a) Животна средина - Заштита - Нови Сад - АпстрактиCOBISS.SR-ID 273816327

Documents

ГРАДСКА УПРАВА ЗА ЗАШТИТУ ЖИВОТНЕ СРЕДИНЕ · Zaštita životne sredine danas je povezana sa gotovo svakom ljudskom aktivnošću. Edward O. Wilson,