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ADVICE TO USERSThe slide set that follows contains copyrighted material.

The slides may be freely used in class, in teaching courses in school and college, and for giving presentations to the public.

They should not be printed and distributed, or republished electronically, without written permission.

If you have comments, please refer to section and slide number. If you have images you wish to offer for the collection, please indicate how you wish them marked. We cannot accept copyrighted material.

AcknowledgementsIn assembling the images for this teacher set, I had help from many persons, including Scripps historian Betty Shor, Scripps archivist Deborah Day, Charles Colgan, director of the Scripps multi-media group, and Memorie Yasuda, webmaster for “Earthguide” at Scripps. I used materials from a large number of books and articles, including the classic oceanography text “The Oceans,” by H.U. Sverdrup, M.W. Johnson and R.H. Fleming (1942). These various sources will be listed in a forthcoming text by W.H. Berger and E.N. Shor, “Discovery of the Ocean, a Centennial of Exploration,” which will be published by U.C. Press. (The organization of the book and the slide set roughly parallel each other.) Some images were taken from government agencies, especially NASA, NOAA, and the US Geological Survey. For deep-sea geology, images posted by the Ocean Drilling Program, and from DSDP and ODP expedition reports, were used. Almost all such images were processed for simplicity and clarity using Adobe Photoshop.A large number of slides are based on previously unpublished images (this varies by lecture).

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Sverdrup et al., 1942

A.C. Hardy

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Sverdrup et al., 1942

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F.S. Russell and C.M. Yonge

E. HaeckelR. Ellis

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. WHB2004 Lec 9 8F.S. Russell and C.M. Yonge, 1936, The Seas. Warne, London.

. WHB2004 Lec 9 9C.P. Idyll, A.C. Hardy

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SIO media

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SIO media

A.C. Hardy

Sverdrup et al., 1942

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Valdivia Exp. (Chun)S. Ekan (after Chun)

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R.B. Dunbar & W.H. Berger, 1981

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Sverdrup et al., 1942

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E. Haeckel

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Brehm’s Tierleben

Bergen Fiskeri Museet

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Small organisms (measured in mm), recovered near 10 km depth.

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R. Ellis

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E. Haeckel

E. Haeckel