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What was the difference between the
revolutions in Central America versus the revolutions in South America?
Bell Ringer
Nationalism: what does this term mean? What three groups were fighting for Europe? What is the idea of a Nation-State? Failed Revolutions. Nationalism in the United States.
Agenda/Objectives
The North and South American independence
movements of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries shared which of the following?
A. Revolutionary demands based on Enlightenment political ideas.
B. Reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary demands.
C. Industrial economies that permitted both areas to break free of European control.
D. Political instability caused by constant warfare among the new states.
Stop! Think about it?
Nationalism Changes Europe
1800s: 3 groups struggled for supremacy in
European Societies. - Conservatives - Liberals - Radicals
Nationalism Changes Europe
Usually wealthy property owners and nobility –
argued for protecting the traditional monarchies of Europe.
Certain cases: France, conservatives approved of constitutional monarchies.
Conservatives
Mostly middle-class business leaders and
merchants. - Wanted to give more power to elected
parliaments, but only to parliaments in which the educated and the landowners could vote.
Liberals
Favored drastic change to extend democracy
to the people as a whole. - practice ideas from the French Revolution.
Radicals
A new movement called Nationalism emerged. Nationalism - the belief that one’s greatest
loyalty should not be to a king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history.
The idea of the Nation-State
When the nation had its own independent
government, it became a nation-state. Idea came from the French Revolution.
The idea of the Nation-State
First people to win self- rule = Greeks Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire. - Controlled most of the Balkans. Balkans: Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania,
and Turkey.
Nationalism Sparks Revolts in the Balkans
Greeks kept alive their ancient history and
culture. Spurred by the nationalist spirit, Greeks
demanded to become a nation-state. Revolts broke out in 1821. Greeks strongly supported around the world
due to ancient history and culture.
Nationalism Sparks Revolts in the
Balkans
1823: Poet Lord Byron compared the
nationalist movement to the Spartans. - donated money to the Greek fleet. 1824: died of a fever.
1827: British, French, and Russian fleet destroyed the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Navarino.
1830: Britain, France and Russia signed a treaty recognizing the full independence of Greece.
Nationalism Sparks Revolts in the
Balkans
Liberals and Nationalist openly revolted
against Conservative governments. Liberal middle class leading the revolts:
teachers, lawyers, and business people.
Reform in Western Europe
1830 – Belgians declared independence from
Dutch control. Italian Nationalist work to unite the many
separate states on the Italian peninsula. - independent or controlled by Austria or the
pope. Austrian Prime Minister Metternich sent troops
to restore order in Italy.
Failed Revolutions
Mid 1830’s Poland revolted from Russia. Took
Russian armies an entire year to crush the rebellion.
Many other failed attempts in Hungary, Germany, Czech, Budapest…
By 1849, Most of Europe returned to Conservative rule.
Failed Revolutions
How are we different from the rest of the world
when it comes to national identity? How do you define yourself as an American?
Nationalism in the U.S.
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