World HistoryPacket: 7. 1-5

Topic: Civilizations 1

Mr. Welch 937-657-1521

Name: ______________________________

Date:Homeroom:

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7.01: Geography 1

Aims: “Bearcat Scholars Will Be Able To…”1. SWBAT describe important physical and political features of Central and South

America.2. SWBAT describe the development of the first civilizations in Mesoamerica.

Agenda1. DO NOW2. Opening3. I DO: Class Notes

4. WE DO: Guided Practice5. YOU DO: Independent Practice6. Closing

Homework: Geography 1

In the last Unit, you learned about many periods of change in Europe. In this unit, we will explore the Americas.

1. What type of geography do you think we will find in the Americas?

2. In this unit we will take a look at three great civilizations of the Americas: the Maya, the Aztecs, and the Incas. Circle where you think these three civilizations were located and label them on the map below.

3. Why do you think these three civilizations chose their area?

Big Idea!

How does Where you live influence How you live?

DO NOW

The Americas

1. The oldest civilizations in the Americas formed in an area called _________________________________.

2. Mesoamerica extends south from central ______________________ into northern _______________________ America.

3. More than 10,000 years ago, groups of ____________________________________ crossed a _____________________________________ that linked Asia and North America.

4. Over time, people settled in small ________________________.a. They grew corn, beans, squash, and other foods.

5. As the ____________________________ grew different __________________________, __________________________, and _______________________________ arose.

6. In this unit we will focus on the period of time between ______________________________.

North (Maya)

1. ________________________ lie in the north.a. ___________ and wet climate.

2. Heavy ____________________________ supports a dense _______________________________.

a. This soil is poor for ____________________________________.

i. Civilizations used _______________________________________________________________, a farming method in which trees and other plants on a plot of land are ___________________ and _______________.

ii. The ash __________________________ the soil. Gut Check!

1. Where did Native ‘Americans’ actually come from? ________________________________________________________________________

2. Why did the Maya use the Slash-and-Burn method for farming? ________________________________________________________________________

I DO: Class Notes

South (Aztec)

1. ________________________ cover the south of Mesoamerica.a. Warm temperatures year round.

2. _________ from volcanoes produced __________ soil.a. Volcanoes also produced ____________________________, or natural

volcanic glass.i. This is used for making sharp __________________ for

weapons or tools.3. ____________________________________ was a high plateau across the

central highlands.a. Because of its high _________________________, this plateau has

_________________ temperatures than the lowlands.4. Lake ________________________ is at the center of the Valley of Mexico.

The Andes Region (Incas)

1. The Andes are a _______________________________________ along the western edge of ________________ America.

a. It is difficult to live here because the slopes are __________________ and steep.

b. The climate is ________________ and with high elevation ________________________ is difficult because of the thin air.

2. Even though there were harsh conditions, people _______________________.

a. They farmed by cutting ____________________________, or strips of level land for planting crops.

b. Raised ___________________ and _____________________ for wool, meat, and to carry large loads. Both are sure-footed animals.

3. Between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean there is also a _________________________.

4. The world’s largest rain forest, ____________________________, lies east of the Andes.

Gut Check!

1. What is obsidian, and what was it used for? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What’s one way the Incas adapted to their environment? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Use the map below to answer the following questions.

1. How were the coastlines different 20,000 years ago?

2. How might that difference have helped ancient peoples migrate or move to the Americas?

WE DO: Guided Practice

Directions: Read and use the image below to answer the following questions.

1. When did people first arrive in the Americas?

2. What are two theories of how people first arrived? Include how these theories are alike and how they are different.

3. How big do you think this statue is? Explain.

4. Why do some think this might represent a god?

YOU DO: Independent Practice

Directions: Place each of the following terms or description into the correct region or area. Some words may be placed in multiple sections.

The Amazon The MayaWarm temperatures

all yearSlash and burn

agriculture

volcanoes terraces obsidian The IncasThe Aztecs rainforest desert llamas

Highlands Lowlands Andes

1. Describe slash and burn agriculture.

2. Describe obsidian.

7.03: The Maya

DO NOW

Directions: use the map below to answer the question to the right.

The Mayans

Aims: “Bearcat Scholars Will Be Able To…”1. BSWBAT explain the achievement of Maya culture.

Agenda1. DO NOW2. Opening3. I DO: Class Notes

4. WE DO: Guided Practice5. YOU DO: Independent Practice6. Closing

Homework: The Maya

1. Name each of the major

civilizations.

A. ______________________________

B. ______________________________

C. ______________________________

2. why did some farmers have to move their farms from time to time?

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

________________________________________

Big Idea!

What does it look like if Religion is part of every

aspect of your life? I DO: Class Notes

1. The height of the Mayan civilization was between 300 and 900 C.E.2. The Maya people inherited some of their ideas from the

________________.3. The Mayan Civilization is believed to have been highly

_________________________.4. History can be divided into three periods: _______________________,

___________________ and _________________________________.

Society

1. During the _____________________ period, Mayan society was structured in a _____________________________________________.

a. The Emperor – highest authority, male.b. Nobles and Priest – they knew how to _______________ and

_________________.i. Merchants and Artisans – well ______________________________

trade over sea and roads. __________________, sculptors, ________________________and weavers.

c. Peasants – worked hard ______________________ and building pyramids and temples.

d. Slaves – Performed manual labor

i. War prisoners, children sold for money, or punishment for crime.

Religion

1. Religion was very _______________________ to the Mayans.2. The Mayan religion was _______________________________, which means

__________________________________________________________________________3. Only ____________________ could explain signs and perform

____________________________ to please the gods.a. Blood sacrifices were believed to give power to the gods, both animals

and _________________________ were sacrificed.4. ______________________________ was a Mayan ball game where slaves, land,

and homes could be won, but losing led to __________________________ by sacrifice.

Agriculture

1. Primary Mayan food was ___________________, or corn.2. One of the most _______________________ challenges the Maya faced was how

to grow enough food to feed their growing _______________________________.a. There was little ________________ and ________________ soil.

3. The Maya needed to grow large amounts of food to support the _________ and the _________________, who did not work.

The End

1. The collapse of the ___________________ Mayan civilization is one of the great _________________________ of Mesoamerican history.

Gut Check!

3. Which other culture greatly influenced the Maya? ________________________________________________________________________

4. What was one difference between the Nobles and Priests from the other classes?________________________________________________________________________

2. Some theories are:a. They could not provide enough food.b. There was a long ____________________________, causing crop failure.

This would make the cities very _____________________. c. Possible _________________________, or a major __________________. d. A combination of the above.

Directions: Complete the graphic organizer by identifying and describing the Mayan social pyramid.

Gut Check!

5. What are some ways people would end up as sacrifices in the Mayan Civilization? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What do you think is the most likely cause for the End of the Mayans? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

YOU DO: Independent Practice

Directions: Draw a picture and write an explanation for each aspect of Mayan Civilization. You may skip “Family Life”.

7.04: The Aztecs

Aims: “Bearcat Scholars Will Be Able To…”1. BSWBAT explain the achievement of Aztec culture.

1. Describe the religious practices of the Mayan Civilization.

2. How did Maya people adapt to their geography?

The Aztecs

1. Arose in the _________________________________________________, a fertile area.2. Before the Aztecs, the valley was a center of civilization for more than 1,000

years.

Agenda1. DO NOW2. Opening3. I DO: Class Notes

4. WE DO: Guided Practice5. YOU DO: Independent Practice6. Closing

Homework: The Aztecs

Big Idea!

How can people overcome geographical challenges?

DO NOW

I DO: Class Notes

a. From 100 to 650 C.E. it was dominated by the ______________________________________.

b. After around 700 C.E. the __________________________ migrated to the valley.

c. Around 1250 C.E. a nomadic band of hunter-gathers arrived, the ___________________.

3. The Aztecs had a difficult time establishing themselves because of surrounding __________________________, but the Aztecs were fierce _________________________ and were hired as _______________________________.

a. A mercenary is ________________________________________4. Eventually the Aztecs will transition from mercenaries to

_________________________________ with a rigid class structure.A City of Wonders

1. The capital city of the Aztecs was _________________________________________.2. It was located on a series of islands in Lake _____________________________3. They created _____________________________, or “floating gardens.”4. In the center of the city was a ____________________ for ceremonies and

festivals.

An Empire

1. The Aztecs did not have ______________________ or force conquered peoples to ______________ their ways.

2. Instead, the Aztec Empire was a loose union of dozens of city-states that paid ____________________ to the Aztecs.

Gut Check!

7. How were the Aztecs able to control the Basin of Mexico?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. What are the benefits of building a city on a lake? The challenges?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

a. Tribute was paid in ______________, stones, animals, and _______________________.

3. _____________ was the center of Aztec life.a. All able-bodied male Aztecs were trained to be

_________________________.b. Constant __________________________ ensured new resources and a

steady supply of ___________________. 4. Declaration of war: “An offer they can’t refuse.”

a. Aztecs asked a city to ______________ the Empire.b. The city was given _________ days to agree.c. If not the Aztecs _____________________________________.

5. The Aztecs required very little of their city-states, pay tribute and honor the God ______________________________________.

Government

1. The Aztecs had an ______________________________________________a. One person or ruling family has

_____________________________________________2. Three ______________________ advised the king.

Religion

1. The Aztecs were __________________________________.2. The most important of these were ____________________________________ and

_______________________________.

3. They believed _____________________________________ gave Quetzlcoatl power.

a. The Aztecs sacrificed thousands of victims!

Directions: Read about Tenochtitlan and answer the following questions.

A City of Wonder

YOU DO: Independent Practice

First they reclaimed land from the lake by sinking timbers into the water to serve as walls and filling in the area between the timbers with mud, boulders, and reeds. In this way they created small islands called chinampas, or “floating gardens.” Eventually the Aztecs expanded the city’s land surface until it covered over five square miles. They even merged Tlatelolco, originally a separate island, with Tenochtitlan.

Inside the plaza, a stone pyramid called the Great Temple loomed 150 feet into the sky. People could see the pyramid, which was decorated with bright sculptures and murals, from several miles away. It had two steep stairways leading to double shrines. One shrine was dedicated to the chief god, Huitzilopochtili. The other was dedicated to Tlaloc, the rain god. In front of the shrines stood the stone where priests performed human sacrifices. An alter called the tzompantli (“skull rack”) displayed the skulls of thousands of people who had been sacrificed.

The city boasted other technological marvels, like aqueduct that carried fresh water for irrigation. Twin pipes ran from Chapultepec springs, three miles away. While one pipe was being cleaned or repaired, the other could transport water. A dike (a wall or dam built to hold back water and prevent flooding) 10 miles long ran along the east side of the city to holdback floodwaters.

Thousands of people visited Tenochtitlan each year. Some came to do business. Others came as pilgrims. Still others came simply to gaze in wonder at the capital of the Aztec world.

1. Describe or define chinampas.

2. Name at least one important building in Tenochtitlan, and describe its purpose.

3. Describe at least two aspects of Tenochtitlan that allowed so many people to live there comfortably. Explain.

4. Do you agree or disagree with this statement: Tenochtitlan was a grand city. Explain.

Identify three defining traits of Aztec society in the boxes below.

7.45 Aztec Mythology

Do Now!

1. What are Chinampas?

2. Identify and explain 2 reasons why the Aztecs were constantly at war.

Creation

Aims: “Bearcat Scholars Will Be Able 1. BSWBAT explain and analyze the details of Aztec Mythology

Agenda1. DO NOW2. Opening3. I DO: Class Notes

4. WE DO: Guided Practice5. YOU DO: Independent Practice6. Closing

Homework: Aztec Mythology

Big Idea!

What does a society’s mythology tell us about its

values?

I DO: notes

1. According to the Aztecs, time began when the dualities gathered became one person, ________________________________, who was both male and female, light and dark, ______________ and ______________, fire and water.

2. This god had 4 sons who desired to be gods: a. ______________________________________ god of the northb. ______________________________________ god of the southc. ______________________________________ god of the eastd. ______________________________________ god of the west

3. In order to be gods, however, they had to _____________________

a. The brothers started by creating a lake. In that lake, they placed their first creature, a monster named _____________________.

b. Every time they created land, however, _____________________ at e the land and grew bigger and stronger until it was larger than all of the gods and heavens!

c. The brothers needed to ________________ their creation in order to continue creating. They fought a massive battle, defeated the monster, and turned its body into ____________________________.

4. Finally, the gods were ready to create

the earth and humanity. They kept making _____________________, unfortunately, and so there were several_____________________ of creation.

The 5 Suns/Cycles

1. The First Cyclea. During the first attempt: Quetzlcoatl made a ________ and a race of

____________________ to live on Earth. Tezcatlipoca grew jealous and claimed that the _________ was too weak. He made it so strong that everything on Earth began to _____________.

b. Quetzalcoatl saw the misery on Earth and sent a huge _____________ to cover the Earth. Unfortunately, the giants could not swim, so he turned them into ____________ so they could survive the flood.

Gut Check!

1. Use 3 adjectives to describe the Aztec gods. ______________________________________________________________________________

2. How was the first god formed in Aztec mythology? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. The Second Cycle a. Quetzlcoatl and Tezcatlipoca were enraged with each other and began

to fight. Their battle was so strong, huge _________________________ began to form on the Earth. All the humans were ___________________ and ____________________ from the force of these storms. When Quetzlcaotl won the fight, he turned the people into ________________ with fur over their whole bodies so they wouldn’t be cold again.

3. The Third Cyclea. All the brothers worked together to create ___________________size

humans, not giants or small people. Then, they watched their creation to see what would happen. People became extremely _________________ and selfish. The brothers decided to _________________the humans with ________________! Most humans died, but some ran away so fast they became ___________________.

4. The Fourth Cycle a. The gods decided to give humanity another try. Quetzlcoatl went to

the ________________________ to retrieve their ____________________. As he left, the Lord of the Underworld thought the bones were being ____________ and he chased Quetzlcoatl. He tripped as he ran and the

bones _________________. The gods turned the bones back into people, but because the bones had been broken all humans have short ____________.

5. The Final Cyclea. The brothers decided to put out the suns

that had caused problems and instead Quetzlcoatl and Tezcatlipoca _________________ the suns. However, the two suns were too bright- so Quetzlcatl, who was older, hit Tezcatlipoca until he dimmed- becoming the

__________________. The other 2 brothers sacrificed themselves to make the sun and earth ____________. Once they began to move, _______________ began, and humanity has flourished since.

Gut Check!

3. Where do fish come from in Aztec Mythology? ______________________________________________________________________________

4. Describe how time began in Aztec Mythology. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

WE DO:

Directions: Track the below image and look for details, then answer the questions.

Write down as many details as you can in 60 seconds!

1. Who do you think the brown and tan figures are? Why?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

2. Who do you think the black figures are? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

3. What cycle do you think this scene depicts? What details lead you to this conclusion? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Why do you think these figures are wearing so few clothes? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What does your answer to number 4 lead you to think about Aztec fashion? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

YOU DO:

Directions: Use your notes to fill in the chart below. Cycle What was created? How did the Cycle End?

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

Fourth Cycle

Fifth Cycle

7.05: The Incas

Aims: “Bearcat Scholars Will Be Able To…”1. BSWBAT explain the achievement of Incan culture.

Do Now!

1. What are Chinampas?

2. Identify and explain 2 reasons why the Aztecs were constantly at war.

The Incas

1. The Inca Empire stretched almost the length of the ________________________________________.

2. Two groups had a strong influence on the Incas, the ___________________ and ________________.

a. Both built elaborate _________________________ with elaborate irrigations methods.

3. The capital of the Inca Empire was ____________________.

Agenda1. DO NOW2. Opening3. I DO: Class Notes

4. WE DO: Guided Practice5. YOU DO: Independent Practice6. Closing

Homework: The Incas

Big Idea!

What do you ‘spend’ if you don’t have any money?

I DO: Class Notes

4. The Inca had an impressive road system almost comparable to the ancient ________________.

a. Messages were sent on a set of knotted strings called ___________________.

b. The color of the string, length of the cord, type of knot, and distance between knots all had coded meaning. To date, we ________________________ understand the messages!

Society

1. The Inca did not use _____________________, nor did they have any _______________________!

2. It seems that life was so difficult in the ____________________ that the entire society was based on preventing ___________________.

3. Every Incas was required to pay a ‘______________________’ tax, where they had to work on public ________________________ for a certain number of _______________ a year.

4. All agriculture was ______________________________, and the harvest was kept in massive royal ____________________________. Regular Inca didn’t buy goods- they were given _______________________ from the government.

Religion

1. Like many other groups in the Americas, the Incas believed that their gods influenced their ____________________________________.

2. The Incas were _____________________________________.a. _____________________________ was the supreme god, the creator of the

world.b. However, _____________ was the most important god.

Gut Check!

1. How did the Inca keep records?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why didn’t the Inca have taxes? What did they have instead? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Religious practices were highly _____________________ and required a large number of ___________________.

a. Like the _________________ and the __________________, the Incas offered ________________________________ to the gods.

4. Priests practiced __________________________ to try to predict the future.5. The ___________________________________ were female priests who were

honored as servants to ___________________.

Creating an Empire

1. The Sapa Inca did not immediately go to _____________ but sent a ___________________________ to meet with a tribe.

2. The Inca had a ___________________, ____________________ society and a strong _________________ so many tribes chose to join the empire.

3. Becoming part of the empire meant ____________________________ the ways of the Incas.

a. Building a _____________________________________________.b. Learning Inca laws.c. Learning

_____________________________, the official language.

Directions: Use the map below and your knowledge of the Inca Civilization to answer the following questions.

1. _______Which conclusion about Incan society could be drawn from the map?

Gut Check!

3. Were women allowed to participate in the Inca religion? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Why did many tribes choose to be a part of the Inca Empire? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

WE DO: Guided Practice

A. An extensive road system connected all parts of the Empire for trade

B. Their trade depended on many seaportsC. Tropical climatic conditions existed throughout the empireD. A similar language unified the Inca Civilization.

2. Which two groups influenced the Incas?

3. Describe how the Incas grew into a large empire.

Tying it together

4. How is Incan society different from Mayan society?

5. What practice do the three civilizations: Maya, Aztec, and Inca, have in common?

YOU DO: Independent Practice

1. _____ Who held the top position in the Incan class structure? A. Sapa IncaB. Non-IncasC. VirachochaD. Inti

2. _____ To what class did most people in the Inca Empire belong?A. NoblesB. Sapa IncaC. SlavesD. Commoners

3. _____ Which god was most important to the Incas?A. VirachochaB. IntiC. Chosen WomenD. Illapu

4. ______ What did the Sapa Inca do first when he wanted to include a new group in his empire?

A. He went to war.B. He sent a message known as quipus.C. He sent a delegate to the group.D. He forced the group to pay tribute.

Read about Machu Picchu and answer the following questions

1. What does the evidence found at Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggest about these societies?

Process your knowledge of Inca Civilization and relate it to your society by completing the venn diagram below.