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Topic 8 – Resource Reliance
Resource Supply and Demand
1. Study Figure 1, a graph showing real and projected changes in global population from 1950 to 2050.Figure 1
a) Using Figure 1 and your own knowledge, describe how changes in global population are affecting demand for resources.
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[3]b) Outline one other factor that is affecting global demand for resources.
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c) Suggest one factor that may limit water supply. Give a reason for your answer.
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[2]d) Suggest one factor that may limit energy supply. Give a reason for your answer.
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[Total 9 marks]
Human Use of the Environment
1. Study Figure 1, a photo of a farmer spraying chemicals on crops.
Figure 1a)
Using Figure 1, describe one way that farming practices have changed since the 1960s and explain how this has helped to increase food supply.
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[2]b) Describe the environmental impact of changing farming practices.
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[3][Total 5 marks]
2. Study Figure 2, a table showing forest cover in Terra Spoglio between 1970 and 2010.
a) Using Figure 2, calculate the percentage change Figure 2in forest cover between 1970 and 2010.
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[1]
b) The total area of Terra Spoglio is 19 million hectares.What percentage of Terra Spoglio was covered by forest in 1990?
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c) Describe how deforestation can increase energy supply.
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[2]
Human Use of the Environment
d) Outline the environmental impacts of mining fossil fuels to increase energy supply.
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[4][Total 8 marks]
2. Study Figure 3, which shows population density in Hufflandand average monthly rainfall at two settlements in the region. Figure 3
a) Using Figure 3, explain why a water transfer scheme might be necessary in Huffland.
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b) Which of the following is a likely environmental impact of water transfer? Shade one oval only.
A Some people may be left without enough water.
B Engineering works, such as building pipes and canals, can damage ecosystems.
C Flood risk increases in the area which water is transferred to.
D Water level in rivers decreases, so there is more erosion of river banks.[1]
c) Other than water transfer, describe one large-scale way of increasing water supply and explain how it could help make water supply in Eagleton more reliable.
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[3][Total 6 Marks]
Food Security
1. Study Figure 1, which shows the production of cereals by country from 2012 to 2014
Figure 1a) Using Figure 1, describe the distribution
of countries that produced less than 2.8 million tonnes of cereals from 2012 to 2014.
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b) Outline one human factor that could be causing the difference in the quantity of cereals produced by the USA (an advanced country (AC), labelled A in Figure 1) and Angola (a low-income developing country (LIDC), labelled B in Figure 1).
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c) Describe what food security means.
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d) Explain the physical factors that can contribute to food insecurity.
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[4][Total 9 marks]
Access to Food
1. Study Figure 1, which shows average daily calorie intake per person around the worldFigure 1
a) Which of the following statements about calorie intake is correct? Shade one oval only.
A Daily calorie intake is lower in Country A than in Country C.
B Daily calorie intake in Country B is 3095 to 3265 kcal.
C Daily calorie intake in Country A is 3266 to 3357 kcal.
D Daily calorie intake is highest in Country C. [1]
b) Which of the following statements best describes what the Global Hunger Index shows? Shade one oval only.
A The amount of food that people eat in different countries.
B How many people have access to food in different countries.
C How much food people can afford to buy in different countries.
D How many people are affected by lack of food in different countries.[1]
c) Compare Malthus’s and Boserup’s theories about how population growth and food availability are linked.
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[6][Total 8 marks]
Increasing Food Production
1. Study Figure 1, a graph showing the area of land used to grow organic crops in Finland from 1999 to 2015.
Figure 1a) Describe how the area of land used to
grow organic crops changed from 1999 to 2015.
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b) Outline one way in which organic farming is environmentally sustainable.
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c) Which of the following is a way of intensifying farming? Shade one oval only
A Reducing the amount of resources used.
B Increasing the size of the area in which food is produced.
C Increasing the amount of chemicals used on crops.
D Ensuring animals have access to outside space.[1]
d) Assess how far technological developments that increase food production are sustainable.
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[6][Total 11 marks]
Ethical Consumerism
1 Study Figure 1, which shows the annual income of a farmer in Mali between 2006 and 2014. He joined a fair trade cooperative in 2008.
Figure 1a) In 2014, the farmer earned £490. Complete the graph using this
information.[1]
b) What was the farmer’s income in 2011?
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c) Calculate the increase in the farmer’s annual income from 2008 to 2014.
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d) Explain why an ethical consumer might prefer to buy fairly traded goods.
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e) Other than buying fairly traded goods, outline one way of making food consumption more ethical.
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f) Explain how ethical consumerism can help to increase food security.
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[4][Total 12 marks]
Small Scale Food Production
2. Study Figure 1, which gives information about an urban garden project.
Figure 1
a) Explain how urban gardens have increased food security in Todmorten.
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b) Which two statements best describe some of the benefits of urban gardens? Shade one oval only.
1 They encourage people to eat more animal products, improving people’s health.
2 They add greenery to cities, making them more attractive places to live.
3 They increase the amount of food than can be sourced locally reducing transport distances.
4 They are run by the government, so they are available to everyone.
A 1 and 2
B 1 and 3
C 2 and 3
D 2 and 4[1]
c) Other than urban gardens, describe one small-scale, bottom-up approach to increasing food production and explain how it is sustainable.
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[Total 7 marks]
Food Security – Case Study
1. Study Figure 1, a graph of average daily calorie intake in the UK from 1940 to 2000.
Figure 1a) Describe
the change in daily calorie
consumption in the UK shown in Figure 1.
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b) Which of the following is a possible reason for the trend in calorie intake between 1970 and 2000 shown in Figure 1. Shade one oval only.
A Food availability has increased.
B Fewer people grow their own food.
C Food prices have decreased.
D Awareness of healthy eating has increased.[1]
c) For a country you have studied, evaluate the success of a local-scale attempt to increase food security.
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[6]
d) For a country you have studied, compare the effectiveness of one past and one present attempt to increase food security at a national scale.
[8 + 3 SPaG] [Total 20 marks]
