October 14th, 2017

To Delegates of Cerritos Novice 2017 Conference

Dear Delegates,Welcome to Cerritos Novice 2017!

It is our highest honor and pleasure to welcome you to our annual novice conference here at Cerritos High School. On behalf of the Cerritos High School Model United Nations program, we are proud to host another year of this long-standing conference. We take absolute pride in knowing that through this extensive program, new and everlasting friendships can be formed alongside intellectually stimulating discussions.

The CHSMUN program continues to strive for excellence as a nationally ranked MUN program. Our delegates are given the opportunity to compete at conferences all around the nation, gaining valuable knowledge and insight into international affairs. Our head chairs are selected from only the best seniors of our program, undergoing a rigorous training process to ensure the highest quality of moderating and grading of debate. Furthermore, the topic synopses have been reviewed and revised countless times. We strongly believe that by providing each and every delegate with the necessary tools and understanding, he or she will be successful in all aspects of committee.

Our advisors and staff have put in countless hours to ensure delegates have an amazing experience at the conference. Our greatest hope is that from attending CHSMUN 2017, students are encouraged to continue on in Model United Nations and nevertheless, inspired to spark change in their surrounding communities. With 26 high school committees and 3 middle school committees, CHSMUN 2017 will provide a quality experience for beginners to learn, develop, and grow as delegates.

If you have any questions, comments, or concerns, please contact us! We look forward to seeing you at CHSMUN Novice 2017!

Sincerely,

Cassidy Chansirik and Neyda Sandoval

Secretary-Generals

TABLE OF CONTENTS Welcome Statement ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

Committee Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4

TOPIC 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5Malnutrition in Developing Nations

Sources --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

WFPWorld Food ProgrammeDelegates,

Hello, my name is Rion Alverson (pronounced Ryan). I am currently a senior at Cerritos High. This will be my 3rd year in MUN. MUN has played a major role in my life as a delegate and as an individual. It has taught me to become comfortable in my speaking capabilities and has taught me to be comfortable with who I am as a person. Typically, I like to focus on environmental and health care related topics when I debate. Aside from MUN, I enjoy music, archery, knife throwing, competitive shooting, and art. I enjoy playing the guitar, piano, and the violin. I enjoy painting, sketching, wood burning, and carving as platforms for my art. As for the weaponry related hobbies, they are pretty self-explanatory. I don't mean to sound full of myself but I think I'm a generally fun loving individual who focuses more on the experience than the destination. I enjoy small talk and believe MUN is not worth participating in if you aren’t able to connect to others around you and create long lasting friendships with your fellow delegates. I hope to create an atmosphere where friendship and conversation is encouraged while debate is still productive and informative. I love jokes and seeing others laugh and I am extremely excited to work alongside each one of you as delegates and as people.

Sincerely,Rion AlversonDirector, WPF

Committee Introduction:

The World Food Programme was established in 1961 with the specific purpose of maintaining nutrition and attacking hunger on the global scale (UNFCC). The World Food Programme addresses multiple issues of nutrition and food security throughout the international community. Some of these issues involve food security, new agricultural techniques, GMOs, and malnutrition. The World Food Programme works alongside various NGO’s and governmental organizations to help improve the nutritional health of the local population. The WFP has mainly focused on the addressment of emergency assistance, relief and rehabilitation, development aid and special operations in order to combat the hunger within a nation. With these focuses, the WFP has successfully assisted over 80 million individuals with their nutritional necessities (WFP). The WFP has worked alongside other United Nations organs in passing resolutions such as Resolution 50/109 and Resolution 3348. These two resolutions have focused on the lowering

of malnutrition throughout the international community. Resolutions such as these have been the aim of the WFP, representing its core values.

TOPIC 1 Malnutrition in Developing Nations

BackgroundMalnutrition is the state of which a person enters after being deprived of the proper

amount of nutrients necessary for their survival. Individuals begin to fail to receive their necessary nutrients due to a number of factors, the main factors being food insecurity, water availability, and food quality. These three factors are the main proponents to the spread of malnutrition throughout the international community. Although each facet plays its own role in malnutrition, each factor must be considered when attempting to conquer malnutrition.

First, the factor of food insecurity plays a major role in the spread of malnutrition throughout the international community. Food insecurity refers to the the state of being without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food (FEED). The factors which play into food insecurity fall along the lines of agricultural struggles, conflict leading to farming unproductivity, and improper distribution of food within a community. Many farmers have begun to struggle with the production of their crops due to the extension and effects of climate change. These farmers are met with challenges to produce food for their communities and therefore, food insecurity grows within their communities. Along with this, conflict such as war, terrorist threat, or corrupt government affects the productivity of farmers within a population. During times of conflict, farmers find it unsafe to farm their crops. This leads to a drop in food production for the surrounding area. Finally, the last key factor to food insecurity is food distribution. Many times, governments or local agencies are tasked with making food more available to their local population. However, in areas of corruption or struggle, food is often found unevenly distributed leaving little access to food for many in the community. These factors which contribute to food insecurity are driving factors of malnutrition throughout the international community.

Along with food insecurity, water availability plays a major role in the addressment of malnutrition throughout the international community. Water plays a key role in the health of a community. Currently, 783 million individuals are living without the proper access to water (UNW). This lack of water leads to the deterioration of the health within a nation. Many nations are experiencing water shortages due to climate change, drought, or other environmental walls which prevent them from receiving a reliable source of water. Water plays a key role in maintaining the nutrition of a population and without it, it is impossible to end malnutrition.

Finally, the third aspect of malnutrition is food quality. This aspect is just as critical as the previous two. This facet focuses on the nutritional quality of foods produced or given to a community. Many countries currently are unable to produce the most nutritious meals for their people due to lack of resources, lack of technology, or lack of arable land. The lack of proper materials and farming techniques to produce the most nutritious meals have proven to be detrimental to the health of many developing nations.

These three aspects are the main propelling factors of malnutrition throughout the international community. In the past, malnutrition affected a smaller population of the world. Today, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that about 795 million people of the 7.3 billion people in the world, or one in nine, are suffering from chronic undernourishment (WORLD). Nearly every ten seconds, an individual dies due to malnutrition. Many of the developing countries throughout the world struggle with malnourishment in their own nation. Mainly, children are affected by the effects of malnourishment. Over ten percent of the global community is currently affected by malnutrition, yet malnutrition lies as an issue to be addressed by the entirety of the global community. Malnutrition has created an environment of uncertainty and struggle for those countries who are less privileged. If malnutrition were to continue to go unaddressed, the majority of communities and developing countries will perish.

United Nations InvolvementThe war on hunger has been fought by the United Nations for over 50 years. The United Nations has focused on the creation of new UN organs to address hunger, collaborating with various NGO’s to fight malnourishment, and has passed its own legislature and goals for international improvement. Beginning with UN organs, the United Nations have created multiple UN bodies to address malnutrition and hunger throughout the international community. For example, the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) is a United Nations organ which focuses on the statistics and productivity of food production and agricultural practices throughout the international community (FAO 1). Another UN organ which extensively collaborates with the World Food Program is the WHO or World Health Organization. This UN body collaborates specifically with the World Food Program in increasing the nourishment of communities within developing countries. The World Health Organization does this by working with the WFP to provide necessary data to the WFP in order to ensure the most productive course of aid is taken within a nation.

Along with the help of United Nations organs, the United Nations works with many NGO’s in order to address the issue of malnutrition. These non-governmental organizations focus on bringing higher nutrition to developing countries with the aid of the United Nations. NGO’s like Save the Children, CMEP (Childhood Malnutrition Eradication Program), and The Cuddles Foundation all focus on assisting the United Nations in their fight against malnutrition. These NGO’s focus on their own programs in order to cohesively tackle issues with the help of

the United Nations. For example, the Childhood Malnutrition Eradication Program worked hand in hand with the World Food Program in order to distribute over 80 thousand meals to children within the African Union (REAL). Through NGO’s, the United Nations is able to carry out missions and projects to aid the international community with added efficiency and productivity.

Finally, the United Nations has become involved with addressing malnutrition within the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These two popularly known documents are statements of the goals of the United Nations and its partners which are to be completed by a certain period of time. The MDGs and SDGs have focused on many aspects ranging from social progression to healthcare. However, one major focus of both documents is the focus on the eradication of poverty and malnutrition for all. These agreements of goals have marked clear deadlines to reach the goals by a certain deadline. The MDGs, which ended in 2015, had a key focused on the eradication of extreme hunger and poverty throughout the international community (UNM). While this goal was not reached, the MDGs were able to lower malnutrition by fifteen percent throughout the international community. However, recognizing that over 780 million individuals still lived in poverty, the SDGs, launched in 2016, restate the goal of eliminating malnutrition throughout the international community. These documents have gained massive support from the public. This support has allowed the United Nations to take their proper role in addressing the issue of malnutrition within the international community.

These aspects of the United Nations have allowed the UN to have a greater impact and involvement with the issue of malnutrition. The UN has already dedicated much of its time and efforts to addressing malnutrition through the collaboration of NGOs, UN organs, and UN agreements. The UN has been able to create a lessened effect of malnutrition throughout the international community while still lacks the ability to eradicate the issue completely.

Bloc PositionsAfrican Bloc: The African bloc currently struggles with the most concentrated population of malnourished individuals. This is due to the increased drought and harsh farming conditions throughout the area. The majority of malnourishment lies within the African region and therefore, these countries such as Angola or Nigeria experience the most need for improvements in agriculture and aid. Currently, around 233 million individuals are undernourished within the African region. Although the African region has the most farmland in the world (70% of the area is farmland), only 15% of the area is truly arable. Areas like Chad have been specifically burdened by drought, making malnutrition highly prevalent in these areas.

Asia-Pacific Bloc: The Asian-Pacific bloc contains both developed and developing nations. Within developing nations, malnourishment reigns prevalent. For example, countries such as

Malaysia suffer with malnourishment within its own population. Currently, 12.5 percent of Malaysian children are underweight while 14 percent are overweight. This imbalance in food distribution is a key factor to malnourishment within many developing asian nations. For developed nations, nations are usually met with the pressure to send aid to countries who need aid with their malnourishment issues.

Caribbean Bloc: The Caribbean bloc has a very unique farmland. The Caribbean is able to grow certain cash crops rather than nutrients filled crops. These cash crops are then exchanged for nutritional foods. However, similar to the Latin American bloc, many nations’ exports are manipulated by corruption or conflict, making the reliability of food in the Caribbean extremely unreliable. Countries such as Haiti struggle greatly with malnutrition.

Eastern European Bloc: The Eastern European bloc typically focuses on the same issues as the other blocs. Eastern European countries typically lack access to proper, structures food distribution and production. There are areas in Eastern Europe which lack the proper stability and arable land to produce food sustainably. This leads to malnourishment as was the case in Bulgaria. These nations tend to emphasize the importance of food distribution, protection, and production. The Eastern European countries consist of both well developed, stable nations with high food security and developing nations who struggle in their fight against malnutrition. Other nations have higher access to more sustainable food sources and are therefore more inclined to assist nations around them.

Latin American Bloc: Latin America is composed of much of the world's arable (farmable) land. This means that many Latin American countries should have the least amount of malnourishment. However, due to conflict, improper distribution of food, and corruption within governments, many Latin American countries suffer malnutrition. For example, due to crime and government corruption, individuals within Honduras are unable to find steady food sources. This is the case for the majority of Latin American countries, yet many Latin American nations partake in programs to assist other nations on the tackling of malnourishment within their own nation.

Western Bloc: The majority of the western countries are 1st world countries. This means that these areas struggle less with malnourishment than most 3rd or 2nd world country. Seeing that these countries are specifically more developed and have more resources than other countries, these countries are known to contribute greatly to the aid of those countries who struggle with malnourishment. For example, the United States of America has addressed malnourishment through the support and sending of nourishment packages to those in other nations. This example shows the positive effects and potential many of these countries possess to help. The majority of western countries focus on aiding the mass population of malnourished in third world countries along with addressing the malnourished they possess within their own country.

Basic SolutionsWhen addressing malnutrition, it is important to focus on agricultural improvements, nutritional foods and supplements, conflict reduction, and water availability. These issues can be addressed through agricultural technologies such as drip sprinkler irrigation systems, infrastructure plans, hydroponics, or solar water distillers. Each of these solutions must be tailored to the specific country’s budget and policy. For example, GMO foods may be proposed as a solid solution to solve for climate change induced difficulties. Yet, if proposed by the wrong country, the policies may clash with one another. Some other proposed solutions for the topic of malnutrition is focusing on food distribution. This can be accomplished through the aid of different NGOs or organizations. Along with this, water scarcity can be addressed through more efficient watering techniques such as crop rotation or drip sprinkler systems. These general solutions can be made more specific in order to add extra detail and strength to a solution. However, the main focuses of agricultural improvement, nutritional food and supplements, conflict reduction, and water availability should be the main driving factors to solving malnutrition.

Questions to Consider1. How does malnutrition affect your country specifically?2. If a country has less money than most other countries, what can be done to aid these

countries?3. How can your solution create a short term relief to the problem and a long term

prevention to the problem happening again?4. In what ways has your country addressed malnutrition previously?5. What aspect of malnutrition is most important to your country (IE: water scarcity)?

Sources1. Appelbaum, Christen. "Malnutrition in Malaysia." The Borgen Project. N.p., 16 Feb.

2016. Web. 27 May 2017.2. Boyd, Crystal. "UN Water." Unwater.org. Un Water, n.d. Web.3. Brown, Steven M. "Overview." Front Page. World Food Program, n.d. Web. 27 May

2017.4. DeCastro, John. "Childhood Malnutririon Eradication Program." Childhood Malnutrition

Eradication Program - Real Medicine Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2017.5. Diza, Alec. "Millenium Development Goals." UN Millennium Project | Goals, Targets &

Indicators. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2017.

6. Madle, James M. World Food Programme (WFP). N.p., 01 Dec. 2009. Web. 27 May 2017.

7. Ortega, Alex. "FAO.org." Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2017.

8. Steinbeck, Vincent. "World Hunger, Poverty Facts, Statistics 2016." World Hunger News. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2017.

9. Tran, Thomas. "What Is Food Insecurity?" What Is Food Insecurity? | Feeding Texas. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 May 2017.

10. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. World Food Programme (WFP). N.p., 01 Dec. 2009. Web. 27 May 2017.