hssonline.org … · Web viewOrthographic effects in spoken word recognition and phonological effects in visual word recognition have been observed in a variety of behavioral experimental

The Phonographic Network of Language: Using Network Science to Investigate the Phonological and Orthographic Similarity Structure of LanguageAuthor: Siew, Cynthia S. Q.

Publication info: University of Kansas, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10289467.

ProQuest document linkAbstract:Orthographic effects in spoken word recognition and phonological effects in visual word recognition have been observed in a variety of behavioral experimental paradigms, strongly suggesting that a close interrelationship exists between phonology and orthography. However, the metrics used to investigate these effects, such as consistency and neighborhood size, fail to generalize to words of various lengths or syllable structures, and do not take into account the more global similarity structure that exists between phonological and orthographic representations in the language. To address these limitations, the tools of Network Science were used to simultaneously characterize the phonological as well as orthographic similarity structure of words in English within a phonographic multiplex. In this paper, I analyze a section of the phonographic multiplex known as the phonographic network of language, where links are placed between words that are both phonologically and orthographically similar to each other, i.e., a link would be placed between words such as ‘pant’ (/p@nt/) and ‘punt’ (/p

nt/). Conventional psycholinguistic experiments (auditorynaming and auditory lexical decision) and an archival analysis of the English Lexicon Project (visual naming and visual lexical decision) were conducted to investigate the influence of two network science metrics derived from the phonographic network—phonographic degree and phonographic clustering coefficient—on spoken and visual word recognition. Results indicated a facilitatory effect of phonographic degree on visual word recognition, and a facilitatory effect of phonographic clustering coefficient on spoken word recognition. The present findings have implications for theoretical models of spoken and visual word recognition, and for increasing our understanding of language learning and language disorders.

Links:Check Article AvailabilitySubject: Psychology; Cognitive psychology; Language; Phonological analysis; English; Word recognition; Language pathology; Psycholinguistics; Orthographic similarity; Naming; Orthography

Classification: 0621: Psychology; 0633: Cognitive psychology; 0679: Language

Identifier / keyword: Language, literature and linguistics Psychology Clustering coefficient Language processing Multiplex Network science Spoken word recognition Visual word recognition

Number of pages: 128

Publication year: 2017

Degree date: 2017

School code: 0099

Source: DAI-A 79/02(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

Place of publication: Ann Arbor

Country of publication: United States

ISBN: 978-0-355-35077-7

Advisor: Vitevitch, Michael S.

Committee member: Chrysikou, Evangelia G.; Forbush, Kelsie T.; Jongman, Allard; Sereno, Joan A.

University/institution: University of Kansas

Department: Psychology

University location: United States -- Kansas

Degree: Ph.D.

Source type: Dissertations & Theses

Language: English

Document type: Dissertation/Thesis

Dissertation/thesis number: 10289467

ProQuest document ID: 1964255761

Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1964255761?accountid=14709

Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.

Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global

"A Machine to Hear for Them": Telephony, Modernism, and the Mother TongueAuthor: Janechek, Jennifer Anne

Publication info: The University of Iowa, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10278369.

ProQuest document linkAbstract:My dissertation is the first project to situate the telephone in the context of Britain’s efforts to standardize the English language. I argue for a new understanding of literary modernism as profoundly influenced by advances in telephony and their recruitment for the imperial work of linguistic purification. Using a methodology that combines media theory, sound studies, disability studies, psychoanalytic theory, and gender criticism, I locate in the works of Joseph Conrad, George Bernard Shaw, T. S. Eliot, and Virginia Woolf a preoccupation with the fantasy of perfect sound reproduction that is always tethered to the mother tongue and its protocols of enunciation. By examining a range of Victorian and modern technologies from the ear phonautograph to the sound spectrograph, I trace the development of a telephonic literature between 1899 and 1941—a literature concerned with intelligibility, with the accurate registering and reproduction of sound. I recover the phonic subtexts of these works to show how they subject their readers to the sort of “audile training” required of early telephone users, whose practiced hearing and refined speech were needed to overcome the noise of the network. My project ultimately demonstrates how advances in communication engineering, motivated by racialized, gendered, and ableist ideals of linguistic and sonic purity, shaped modernist texts that endeavored to reproduce sighted sound. In doing so, it redefines literary modernism in terms of its ties with imperial media that assisted in the linguistic colonization of British subjects, revealing how the fantasy of a “pure, originary” mother tongue and fears of the degradation of English shaped a modernist aesthetic that negotiated between wanting to eradicate linguistic difference and desiring to embrace the “noise” inherent within all communication.

Links:Check Article AvailabilitySubject: British and Irish literature

Classification: 0593: British and Irish literature

Identifier / keyword: Language, literature and linguistics Elocution Media Modernism Prescriptivism Telephony Voice



Degree date: 2017

School code: 0096




ISBN: 9780355244007

Advisor: Stewart, Garrett

Committee member: Baynton, Douglas; Buckley, Jennifer; Kopelson, Kevin; Voyce, Stephen

University/institution: The University of Iowa

Department: English

University location: United States -- Iowa

Degree: Ph.D.


Language: English







The Born-Again Brain: Neuroscience and Wesleyan SalvationAuthor: Weissenbacher, Alan C.

Publication info: Graduate Theological Union, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10646623.

ProQuest document linkAbstract:This dissertation examines how neuroscience contributes to a Wesleyan understanding of salvation, including initiation and the subsequent, expected growth in virtue. I begin with malleable intelligence, expanding it from its narrow use in education theory where it typically refers to the plasticity of one's cognitive, rational capacity so that it can refer to the various means by which people acquire and act on information: emotionally, rationally, consciously, and unconsciously. Malleable intelligence then becomes a guiding paradigm for discussing the relationship between molecular and cellular processes and subjective experience, especially in regard to moral formation.

Wesleyan soteriology contains both gradual and instantaneous elements of change, and neuroscience supports both aspects. These elements of change focus on the goal of developing holy emotions and acts at the level of habit. A Wesleyan virtue ethic identifies that the sanctification process is about training virtuous emotions and habits within community so that moral decisions become second nature.

The incorporation of neurological factors reveals the mechanism behind this training. One's neurology is altered through action and thought, which in turn impacts future action and thought. This ongoing process of transformation: linking, unlinking, and potentiating various neural pathways involves the interrelated aspects of action-oriented learning, imagination, emotion, and the development of automaticity. Emotions, thoughts, and behaviors that co-occur can become linked in affective-cognitive schemas -- mental patterns of thought, emotion, and action that can activate automatically in various situations. These schemas are often unconscious, yet they influence how one perceives and acts in the world.

Using neuroscience, Wesley's virtue ethic is revealed as an apt description for how people are morally formed. Virtue is less a rational pursuit than a development of proper perceptual, emotional, social, imaginative, and reflective skills and making them automatic through repetition.

I conclude by examining neuroscientific studies on memory, emotion, imagination, and action. I use these to suggest research agendas in neuroscience in relation to moral formation and lay the groundwork for

the development of morally formational practices within the Christian church based on how people best learn and change biologically.

Links:Check Article AvailabilitySubject: Theology

Classification: 0469: Theology

Identifier / keyword: Philosophy, religion and theology Addiction Therapy John Wesley Justification Neuroscience Salvation Virtue Ethics



Degree date: 2017

School code: 0080




ISBN: 9780355199222

Advisor: Peters, Ted

University/institution: Graduate Theological Union

University location: United States -- California

Degree: Ph.D.


Language: English







Incommensurability, Relativism, and Scientific KnowledgeAuthor: Morrissey, Brian

Publication info: University College Dublin (Ireland), ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10274487.

ProQuest document linkAbstract:Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (SSR) has been a source of inspiration for many relativistic theories in the social sciences and beyond (1962, 1970, 1996). Despite an ever-growing number of books and articles, however, the question of what sort of relativism, if any, and on what grounds it follows from SSR has not yet been adequately addressed. This thesis attempts to shed light on the connections between the Kuhnian view of science and relativism by investigating the precise mechanisms by which various kinds of relativism might be grounded in Kuhn's account of science. Traditionally, arguments for relativism, in SSR and beyond, have been framed on the presupposition of the possibility of incommensurability between scientific paradigm or conceptual schemes. However, Donald Davidson,

Hilary Putnam and others have argued that relativism is impossible or incoherent, because if paradigms are incommensurable to the degree claimed then we cannot engage with other paradigms in order to consider them genuine alternatives and find no means of judging objectively between them, as an argument for relativism would require. Contrary to their views, this thesis argues that, within a Kuhnian framework, there could be levels of incommensurability that will be hospitable to some forms of relativism. However, we need a finer grade understanding of the very idea of incommensurability as well as of relativism in order to see how plausible arguments for relativism could be framed based on Kuhn's views of science in SSR. This thesis shows that a non-scientist observing from outside of a scientific paradigm, lacking objective criteria to assess the meaning of terms in scientific language; the methods and standards, including knowledge claims, of the paradigm; and the ontological commitments of the paradigm, can articulate arguments for relativism at any point in the Kuhnian cycle of scientific revolution. Scientists working within a scientific paradigm adhere to the semantic, methods and standards, and ontological criteria of the paradigm, accepting these standards as objectively correct, and so they do not frame arguments for relativism about science at any point in the Kuhnian cycle. The thesis does not defend relativism about science; rather, it is an attempt at clarifying some core issues in a contentious area of philosophy of science.

Links:Check Article AvailabilitySubject: Epistemology; Philosophy of Science; Philosophy

Classification: 0393: Epistemology; 0402: Philosophy of Science; 0422: Philosophy

Identifier / keyword: Philosophy, religion and theology Incommensurability Kuhn, Thomas Paradigm Relativism Scientific knowledge Structure of scientific revolutions



Degree date: 2017

School code: 5090




ISBN: 9780355073508

Advisor: Baghramian, Maria

Committee member: o'shea, james; stout, roland

University/institution: University College Dublin (Ireland)

Department: School of Philosophy

University location: Ireland

Degree: Ph.D.


Language: English







American Science Advocacy Organizations: Examining Their Strategies and Engagements with ReligionAuthor: Rodriguez, Jason T.

Publication info: State University of New York at Buffalo, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2013. 1546967.

ProQuest document linkAbstract:Over the past several decades, science advocacy organizations have increasingly participated in discussions of the relationship between science and religion to the public, mainly to counteract the resurgence of anti-evolution activities across the country, to address misconceptions and misunderstandings about science and religion, and to help make science more palatable and less threatening to religious believers. These engagements with religion have primarily involved four organizations: the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), the National Center for Science Education (NCSE), and the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (SNMNH). In their engagements with religion, each of these organizations has simultaneously employed two distinct lines of operation: (1) defending science against anti-science religions and movements and (2) engaging science-friendly religions and the religious public. These lines of operation are driven by key objectives and supported by specific strategies and tactics to achieve those objectives, which this paper seeks to explore and analyze. Key findings and recommendations for science advocacy organizations' ongoing and future engagements with religion are provided.

Links:Check Article AvailabilitySubject: Philosophy of Science; Science education

Classification: 0402: Philosophy of Science; 0714: Science education

Identifier / keyword: Philosophy, religion and theology Education Evolution Religious outreach Science advocacy Science advocacy organizations Science and religion Science communication



Degree date: 2013

School code: 0656

Source: MAI 52/03M(E), Masters Abstracts International



ISBN: 9781303475580

Advisor: Liu, Xiufeng Shook, John R.

University/institution: State University of New York at Buffalo

Department: Learning and Instruction

University location: United States -- New York

Degree: M.Ed.


Language: English







Attitudes toward the natural philosopher in the early Roman Empire (100 B.C. to 313 A.D.)Author: Carrier, Richard C.

Publication info: Columbia University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2008. 3333315.

ProQuest document linkAbstract:The present study demonstrates the existence of significant praise and admiration for the aims and achievements of the natural philosopher among the pagan elite of the Roman Empire from 100 B.C. to 313 A.D. Chapter 1 surveys the problem, focus, and methodology. Chapter 2 explores what a natural philosopher was thought to be and do, finding it was the nearest prototype of the modern scientist. Chapter 3 shows that natural philosophy had little place in Roman education except for the highly motivated, but finds considerable praise and appreciation for those who did pursue it. Chapter 4 explores what natural philosophers as 'scientists' actually achieved, and finds a positive belief in the reality and value of 'scientific progress' among educated Romans. Chapter 5 surveys evidence of praise and admiration for the natural philosopher and his goals and activities. Chapter 6 surveys the conclusion that the natural philosopher and his activity were not completely marginalized but were held in high esteem by many among the educated elite.

Links:Check Article AvailabilitySubject: Education history; Ancient history; Science history; Attitudes; Roman civilization; Philosophy

Classification: 0520: Education history; 0579: Ancient history; 0585: Science history

Identifier / keyword: Social sciences Education Natural philosopher Roman Empire Scientific progress Social attitudes



Degree date: 2008

School code: 0054

Source: DAI-A 69/10, Dissertation Abstracts International



ISBN: 9780549855033

Advisor: Harris, William V.

University/institution: Columbia University

University location: United States -- New York

Degree: Ph.D.


Language: English







Walter Ralegh's “History of the World” and the historical culture of the late RenaissanceAuthor: Popper, Nicholas Seth

Publication info: Princeton University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2007. 3350691.

ProQuest document linkAbstract:My dissertation is a full-length study of Walter Ralegh’s 1614 History of the World. This massive volume was a best seller in seventeenth-century England, running through over a dozen editions, reprints, and abridgements in the century after its publication. Ralegh wrote the work while imprisoned in the Tower of London. Covering the period from Creation to 168 BC, it was composed with the help of a large library he was allowed to keep in his cell. He had been convicted on a trumped up charge of treason and spared execution only by the mercy of King James I. But royalists read him also; Charles I’s chaplain produced an abridgement and a continuation of the “History”, and the antiquarian Sir Thomas Browne quoted it verbatim (without citation). The “History” was given a prominent place on the bookshelves of readers in the seventeenth century, the first major English treatment of the ancient histories of Assyria, Persia, Greece, Rome and Egypt, a historical classic in its own right.

Ralegh himself has often been portrayed as a herald of modernity. He has been characterized as a republican theorist, a man of science, an empire builder, a forward-thinking skeptic, a Cold War strategist, and a modern bureaucrat. I instead tie Ralegh’s “History” to a pan-European polemical and scholarly context, and I show how his work was one manifestation of the culture of historical counsel in which diplomats and officials from Naples to Scotland participated. But I do not simply debunk Ralegh’s image as harbinger of a new era. Rather, I show that elements many have defined as indicative of his modernity emerged from his immersion in an intellectual and political context in which erudite statesmen that interpreted new discoveries by ancient precedents and explained world transformations by meticulously scrutinizing alterations in the past. And by closely analyzing his sources—predominantly dense Latin tomes printed on the continent—I demonstrate how firmly these practices were embedded within the education and values of scholars and statesmen throughout Europe.

After a brief introduction concerning Ralegh’s biography, my first chapter studies the place of history in the erudite political culture to which he belonged, and the status of knowledge about the past as articulated in his sources. History was the most fashionable discipline of the late sixteenth century. Princes, prelates and diplomats read histories as training grounds for public and ecclesiastical action, and scholars eagerly sought historical minutiae in obscure texts and far-flung locales. Having established what the field of history was, and why a man of action like Ralegh devoted so much energy to it, I move to a series of studies examining the particular forces that Ralegh believed structured events of the past. The first explores Ralegh’s selection of sources in constructing his world chronology, arguing that the desire to comprehensively explicate exotic sources facilitated the erosion of venerated textual authorities. In the second, I use his rare geographical notebook to examine his methods of reading and note-taking, and I show how early modern techniques for assembling information generated novel ways of generating knowledge. The third study investigates Ralegh’s understanding of the economy of historical change, showing how he attributed theological implications to the travel of the present by identifying the divine significance embedded in explorations and migration in the past. These chapters demonstrate that Ralegh constructed his “History” by methodically deploying techniques of observation and analysis that learned counselors throughout Europe practiced.

The subsequent series of case studies focus on historical forms that Ralegh traced in his “History”. The first concerns the history of learning, and demonstrates how Ralegh drew vital lessons concerning intellectual authority and the appropriate objects of sacerdotal study by examining Near Eastern societies dead for millennia. The second considers Ralegh’s study of military science and the role of war in history,

showing how Ralegh assimilated and lamented the violent upheaval of his era through analysis of ancient warfare. The last examines his history of politics, closely analyzing how Ralegh saw providence at work in the transformations of empires, and detailing how Ralegh, like his contemporaries, used historical study to argue to either limit or expand monarchical authority. Lastly, an epilogue investigates how seventeenth- and eighteenth-century readers of the “History” approached the text with their own expectations while also imbibing Ralegh’s idealized vision of world history.

The dissertation examines how early modern scholars deployed techniques of historical observation and analysis in the formulation of a modern vision of the world. Neither a Renaissance that passively inherited an easily-defined Western tradition, nor one that allowed new discoveries to brush the classical patrimony away, Ralegh’s Renaissance struggled to find tools to understand the exploration of the New World in ancient Palestine, the revelation of Christianity amongst ancient Greeks, the military revolution amongst the ancient Hebrews, and the modern world in ancient Mesopotamia.

Links:Check Article AvailabilitySubject: European history; Science history

Classification: 0335: European history; 0585: Science history

Identifier / keyword: Social sciences Historical culture History of the World Ralegh, Walter, Sir Renaissance



Degree date: 2007

School code: 0181




ISBN: 9781109058147

Advisor: Grafton, Anthony

University/institution: Princeton University

University location: United States -- New Jersey

Degree: Ph.D.


Language: English







“The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Physical Science”: A window of the life and work of E. A. Burtt, twentieth-century pragmatist and postmodern thinkerAuthor: Villemaire, Diane Elizabeth Davis

Publication info: McGill University (Canada), ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1999. NQ50277.

ProQuest document linkAbstract:E. A. Burtt's The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Physical Science (1924) has been described by H. Floris Cohen, writing on the historiography of the Scientific Revolution in 1994, as the “individual thought of an individual thinker…beyond philosophical or historical currents or fashion.” The book is something of a puzzle within the context of American twentieth-century intellectual history and more specifically, of the philosophy and history of science of North America and Europe.

Burtt's inter-disciplinary study—as it would be called today—has proved to be both pioneering and prophetic in its rejection of both scientism and positivism. The thesis examines the author's novel interpretation of Isaac Newton's achievement, as well as that of Newton's predecessors in the Scientific Revolution. Burtt's singular view of the rise of modern science from religious underpinnings was, for the most part, either misunderstood or ignored at the time. In fact, the whole idea of a Scientific Revolution was only introduced into the curriculum at leading American universities following the Second World War, in response to Herbert Butterfield and Alexandre Koyré, both of whom owe unacknowledged debts to Burtt.

The Metaphysical Foundations was conceived in the progressive era of the 1920s, the latter part of the “Golden Age” in American philosophy. The thesis examines the role of innovating intellects such as John Dewey, James Harvey Robinson, and Morris R. Cohen in shaping Burtt's view, described against the background of his studies at Columbia university. Under the sway of pragmatic naturalism, Burtt's interpretation of Newton was part of a grand scheme to develop a new philosophy of mind which he intended would overcome the problems of Cartesian dualism.

The dissertation concludes with an extended analysis of Burtt's public, academic, and personal life based upon archives, correspondence and interviews with those who remember him. It considers his politics of conscience during the Cold War and concludes that integrity combined with the relentless search for philosophic understanding drove his more exotic philosophical quests and steered his personal life, including its tragic dimension, toward simple virtues.

Links:Check Article AvailabilitySubject: Science history; Biographies; Philosophy

Classification: 0585: Science history; 0304: Biographies; 0422: Philosophy

Identifier / keyword: Philosophy, religion and theology Social sciences Language, literature and linguistics Burtt, E. A. Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Physical Science Postmodern Pragmatist Twentieth century



Degree date: 1999

School code: 0781




ISBN: 9780612502772, 0612502775

Advisor: Boss, Valentin

University/institution: McGill University (Canada)

University location: Canada

Degree: Ph.D.


Language: English


Dissertation/thesis number: NQ50277





Scientists and swindlers: Coal, oil, and scientific consulting in the American industrial revolution, 1830-1870. (Volumes I and II)Author: Lucier, Paul

Publication info: Princeton University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1994. 9415422.

ProQuest document linkAbstract:This is a study of the relations of science and industry during the American industrial revolution. It discusses three industries: coal gas, coal oil, and petroleum. Each emerged as a new industry during this period and each was closely linked to science through the activities of consultants, who helped to launch new companies and reorganize existing ones. American scientists willingly sold expertise to industry and companies relied on scientific advice. Using a variety of hitherto unexamined sources including consultants' reports to companies (which were a new genre of scientific literature), published business prospectuses, and legal case records, as well as correspondence and scientific works, the dissertation addresses three principal themes.

First, it describes the activities of the leading scientific consultants. The majority were geologists, although chemists and mineralogists were also regularly engaged by companies. Consultants contracted for engagements, provided expertise on mining and manufacturing questions, and received compensation, usually in the form of professional fees. In addition, they were frequently called on to serve as expert witnesses in legal disputes over patent rights. Several nationally known and historically significant patent cases, which hinged on the expert testimony of scientists, are examined closely. The impact of consultants' participation led to an increased reliance on science in courts of law.

Secondly, the dissertation discusses the struggles of scientific consultants to create a code of professional conduct. Disinterestedness was the ethical standard guiding the interactions of consultants and their clients. It evolved over time and was repeatedly tested. To insure disinterestedness, consultants had to maintain their independence and objectivity, and accordingly, their roles were advisory and short-term. Consultants showed how to act professionally and to prosper from it.

Thirdly, this study treats the scientific contributions of consultants. The close connection between science and industry had important consequences for the development of geological and chemical theories about bituminous substances such as coal and petroleum. New mineralogical classificatory systems were advanced, and most importantly the major principles of petroleum geology were established. In short, scientific consulting contributed to the advancement of science and commercial innovation in mid-nineteenth-century America.

Links:Check Article AvailabilitySubject: Science history; American history; Geology

Classification: 0585: Science history; 0337: American history; 0372: Geology

Identifier / keyword: Social sciences Earth sciences



Degree date: 1994

School code: 0181




University/institution: Princeton University

University location: United States -- New Jersey

Degree: Ph.D.


Language: English





Experimental Women: Reclaiming Women's Scientific Work in the Long Eighteenth CenturyAuthor: Sagal, Anna KaterinaPublication info: Tufts University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2015. 3704612.ProQuest document linkAbstract:"Experimental Women" argues that the relationship between women and science in the eighteenth-century has long been misread as one of imitation: both contemporary and modern observers have assumed that women participated in the major scientific developments of the age only peripherally - as wives, sisters, and companions of the great men about whom history texts are written, or as aspiring amateurs whose productions are derivative at best. This project challenges these outdated premises by focusing on areas of cultural and literary production by women that have not conventionally been considered part of a unified scientific discourse: utopian fictions, staged plays, women's periodicals, epistolary narratives, botanical artworks, and natural science craftwork. By actively engaging with, and often critiquing or subverting methodological assumptions made by Royal Society scientists - assumptions such as the significance of technology like microscopes or the authority of organizing systems like Linnaean taxonomy - the women featured in this project represent a substantial tradition of rarely-recognized dissenting scientific voices. The project thus traces a distinct, often alternatively gendered discourse of science that intersected with, complemented, and ultimately reworked the dominant discourse of scientific progress as outlined by the Royal Society of London. In rethinking the types of production that can be understood as scientific work through the intersection of literary studies and history of science, the project seeks to rediscover ways in which women may have gained access to an intellectual arena long assumed to be limited.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Literature; Womens studies; Science historyClassification: 0401: Literature; 0453: Womens studies; 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Language, literature and linguistics Social sciences 18th century Royal society WomenNumber of pages: 328Publication year: 2015Degree date: 2015School code: 0234Source: DAI-A 76/10(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann Arbor

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Country of publication: United StatesISBN: 9781321771657Advisor: Haslander, AndreaCommittee member: Dunn, Kevin; Flynn, Carol; Kowaleski-Wallace, ElizabethUniversity/institution: Tufts UniversityDepartment: EnglishUniversity location: United States -- MassachusettsDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 3704612ProQuest document ID: 1690826499Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1690826499?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalBehind the mirror: Revealing the contexts of Jacobus's Speculum musicaeAuthor: Desmond, KarenPublication info: New York University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2009. 3360472.ProQuest document linkAbstract:This study addresses the general question of how medieval music theory participated in the discourse of the related disciplines of philosophy, natural science and theology. I focus on a specific instance of scientific inquiry: the fourteenth-century music treatise Speculum musicae, written by an author known to us as Jacobus. A detailed analysis of Speculum musicae reveals an aesthetic system whose elements are assigned meaning and value through the anagogical relationships that the author posits (either explicitly or implicitly) with systems articulated in philosophical and theological treatises at the turn of the fourteenth century. My central concerns are uncovering the impetus behind the production of this treatise, determining where Jacobus’s philosophies fit within particular schools of medieval thought, as revealed through his vocabulary choices, supporting sources, and methods of reasoning, and then extrapolating from these philosophies which rationale (ratio) most informs his positions on particular issues, such as his classification of music, or his defense of the ancient art of singing against the modern art. I hope to present a fresh perspective on one of the most important yet one of the most mysterious ages in the history of music. The turn of the fourteenth century was a fascinating time for music: we find musical systems in a pronounced state of flux with various theoretical solutions proposed in response to the problems of notating this increasingly complex music. Analyzing the background of these theoretical formulations, and assessing the various judgments of “good” practice, and the kinds of arguments used to bolster these judgments, will uncover reasons for the overturning of musical systems and go some way toward explaining the nature of musical change.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Music; Medieval history; Science historyClassification: 0413: Music; 0581: Medieval history; 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Communication and the arts Social sciences Ars nova Godfrey, of Fontaines Jacobus de Montibus Jacques, de Liege Johannes, de Muris Philippe de VitryNumber of pages: 471Publication year: 2009Degree date: 2009School code: 0146Source: DAI-A 70/07, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9781109258059Advisor: Roesner, Edward H.

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Committee member: Boorman, Stanley; Cusick, Suzanne; Haggh-Huglo, Barbara; Ilnitchi, GabrielaUniversity/institution: New York UniversityDepartment: MusicUniversity location: United States -- New YorkDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 3360472ProQuest document ID: 304954881Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/304954881?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalContaining science: The U.S. national security state and scientists' challenge to nuclear weapons during the Cold WarAuthor: Rubinson, Paul HaroldPublication info: The University of Texas at Austin, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2008. 3324674.ProQuest document linkAbstract:Throughout the Cold War, many publicly influential and socially committed scientists participated in a wide array of efforts to push U.S. foreign policy toward nuclear disarmament. Some of these scientists, such as Linus Pauling and Carl Sagan, relied on their credibility as respected public authorities to sway public opinion against nuclear weapons. Other scientists, such as Eugene Rabinowitch, quietly pursued informal, quasi-diplomatic methods. Still others, such as Hans Bethe, George Kistiakowsky, and Jerome Wiesner, worked within the government to restrain the arms race. Though rarely working in concert, all these scientists operated under the notion that their scientific expertise enabled them to articulate convincing and objective reasons for nuclear disarmament. But the U.S. government went to great lengths to neutralize these scientific arguments against nuclear weapons with a wide array of tactics all aimed at undermining their scientific credibility. Some scientists who offered moral reasons to end the arms race found their loyalty questioned by the state. When prodisarmament scientists offered strictly technical reasons to oppose to nuclear weapons, the government responded by promoting the equally technical objections to disarmament held by pronuclear scientists. At still other times, the government attempted to co-opt the arguments of its scientific challengers. In addition, scientists’ professional identity as objective and apolitical experts hampered scientific antinuclear activism. From the beginning of the Cold War to the 1980s, scientists continuously challenged nuclear weapons in a variety of ways; the government likewise continuously reshaped its responses to meet this challenge, and in so doing crafted a method of scientific containment. Thus the result of this incessant struggle was the consistent defeat of scientists’ dissent. By the time the Cold War ended, it did so on terms unrelated to scientists and nuclear weapons.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: American history; Science historyClassification: 0337: American history; 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Social sciences Cold War National security Nuclear weapons ScientistsNumber of pages: 454Publication year: 2008Degree date: 2008School code: 0227Source: DAI-A 69/09, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780549763826Advisor: Lawrence, Mark A.University/institution: The University of Texas at Austin

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Department: HistoryUniversity location: United States -- TexasDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 3324674ProQuest document ID: 304474148Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/304474148?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalThe stars, the moon, and the shadowed earth: Viennese astronomy in the fifteenth centuryAuthor: Byrne, James StevenPublication info: Princeton University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2007. 3255836.ProQuest document linkAbstract:This dissertation is a study of astronomy at the University of Vienna from the beginning of the fifteenth century through the career of Johannes Regiomontanus (d. 1476), the university's most celebrated astronomer. Regiomontanus and his mentor Georg Peurbach (d. 1461) established a framework for the practice of astronomy, including the linkage of cosmology to astronomy, attempts to correct the errors and ambiguities of the medieval astronomical tradition, a renewed interest in Ptolemy's Almagest, and a program of observations intended as a basis for the reform of planetary tables and models, that remained in place for the more celebrated astronomical achievements of the following century. This study traces the roots of this framework to astronomical teaching at the University of Vienna in the first half of the fifteenth century, as well as its expansion by Regiomontanus as he moved from Vienna to Italy, Hungary, and Germany.Chapter One provides background for the reader unfamiliar with medieval, Ptolemaic astronomy, and also argues that the shift described in the next chapter was, in part, motivated by astrological concerns. Chapter Two demonstrates that, by the middle of the fifteenth century, Viennese astronomy had come to incorporate a significant element of Aristotelian cosmology. Chapter Three examines fourteenth- and fifteenth-century responses to the Theorica planetarum, the most common astronomical teaching text at medieval universities, arguing that university astronomers were capable of identifying and addressing problems with the Theorica in a sophisticated manner. Chapter Four argues that the seemingly contradictory aspects of Regiomontanus's astronomical career can be understood as all contributing to a program of reform that encompassed both the correction of astronomical tables on the basis of new and comprehensive observations as well as the construction of homocentric planetary models to replace the venerable Ptolemaic system. Chapter Five shows that Regiomontanus, in order to promote and carry out his program of reform, borrowed humanist rhetorical and critical techniques, navigated a variety of patronage environments, and capitalized on the new technology of print, establishing a vision of mathematics as on par with, and amenable to the same critical techniques as, the core humanist disciplines.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Science historyClassification: 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Social sciences Astronomy Austria Fifteenth century Medieval Peurbach, Georg Regiomontanus, Johannes Renaissance VienneseNumber of pages: 298Publication year: 2007Degree date: 2007School code: 0181Source: DAI-A 68/03, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann Arbor

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Country of publication: United StatesAdvisor: Mahoney, Michael S.University/institution: Princeton UniversityUniversity location: United States -- New JerseyDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 3255836ProQuest document ID: 304838362Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/304838362?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalWar of the corms: Haeckelian bio-politics and Oka Asajiro's “Evolution and Human Life”Author: Sullivan, Gregory FranzisPublication info: Yale University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2005. 3194713.ProQuest document linkAbstract:The dissertation addresses the early political thought of the German-trained, Japanese zoologist and popularizer of evolutionism, Oka Asajiro (1868--1944). It concentrates on a series of essays that Oka published in major magazines in the years during and after the Russo-Japanese War---writings which were later anthologized as Evolution and Human Life ( Shinka to Jinsei) in 1906 and that appeared again in 1911 and 1921 in expanded versions. I argue that Oka, in these essays, articulated a vision of the human struggle for existence based on the state organism theory of the renowned German zoologist Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919), and did so in a manner that stressed the scientific underpinnings of the emerging family-state ideology of the late 1900s.Though it treated the emperor as a living god, the family-state concept had, since the 1880s, relied heavily on Haeckel's theory. Having received a doctorate in zoology from the University of Leipzig under Haeckel's colleague Rudolf Leuckart (1823--98), Oka attempted to magnify this aspect of the ideology by using his own internationally recognized researches into manifestations of such state organisms in the natural world---called "corms" by contemporary scientists---to illustrate that national mobilization could be achieved without bowing to superstitions that might undermine technological innovation. For Oka, the nation is a racial super-organism that must overcome internal divisions through the promotion of instinct-building Lamarckian moral habits---what Oka, gesturing to Confucianism, calls the human "way" of altruism---if it is to survive the inevitable war of the corms. This bio-political vision was not meant to undermine the family-state and supplant the emperor, but to convince educated Japanese that the nation literally was a family: an organic entity in the biological sense---one that could thrive as an imperial power only by emulating the "corms" found in nature.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: History; Science history; Asian literatureClassification: 0332: History; 0585: Science history; 0305: Asian literatureIdentifier / keyword: Social sciences Language, literature and linguistics Biopolitics Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel Evolution and Human Life Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich Philipp August Monism Oka Asajiro Social DarwinismNumber of pages: 379Publication year: 2005Degree date: 2005School code: 0265Source: DAI-A 66/11, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesAdvisor: Spence, Jonathan D.University/institution: Yale University

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University location: United States -- ConnecticutDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 3194713ProQuest document ID: 305386198Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/305386198?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalThe first “Année sociologique” and neo -Kantian philosophy in FranceAuthor: Barberis, Daniela S.Publication info: The University of Chicago, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2001. 3006474.ProQuest document linkAbstract:In late nineteenth-century France, sociology was striving to separate itself from philosophy, and yet was intellectually, institutionally, and socially dependent upon this connection. This dissertation focuses on Durkheim's debates with members of the Revue de métaphysique et de morale (RMM) that occurred roughly between 1894 and 1900. Some of Durkheim's critics—Bouglé, Lapie, Parodi, and Simiand—would shortly join Durkheim in the enterprise of founding a sociological journal, the Année sociologique.The main thesis of this study is that among the divergent trends within French academic philosophy, the particular version of neo-Kantian rationalism espoused by the core members of the RMM played a crucial role in the formation of Durkheim's emergent sociology. This influence is traced by detailing the relationships among the members of two journals: the Année sociologique and the RMM.The first part of the dissertation analyzes the differences between the RMM's philosophical position and the other available positions in French philosophy.The second part examines Durkheim's earlier publications (circa 1885) in order to present his position at the time the criticisms began. It then follows the changes in Durkheim's theories, as he responded to his critics and worked to establish his project within the existing intellectual fields and institutional structures. Durkheim was convinced that if science is to advance, the work must be conducted as a team. Therefore, the establishment of the Année depended upon Durkheim's ability to persuade his RMM collaborators—a group of men who were critical of positivism and its excesses of faith in science—of the possibility of founding sociology on the model of the natural sciences. The success of this effort of persuasion created a working intellectual consensus within the Année. Later, during the Dreyfus affair, Durkheim and the RMM members came to realize that they shared certain political commitments and moral goals, despite the intellectual differences that remained. This realization resulted in the formation of a ground of personal sympathies, which eventually allowed Durkheim's sociology to benefit from the RMM's institutional legitimacy. Taken together, all these factors were crucial to the eventual dominance of Durkheim's sociology over that of his competitors.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Science history; European history; PhilosophyClassification: 0585: Science history; 0335: European history; 0422: PhilosophyIdentifier / keyword: Philosophy, religion and theology Social sciences Annee sociologique Durkheim, Emile Emile Durkheim France Neo-Kantian Philosophy Revue de metaphysique et de moraleNumber of pages: 291Publication year: 2001Degree date: 2001School code: 0330Source: DAI-A 62/02, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780493157849, 0493157840Advisor: Stocking, George W. Richards, Robert J.

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University/institution: The University of ChicagoUniversity location: United States -- IllinoisDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 3006474ProQuest document ID: 304741503Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/304741503?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalConstructing America at the peripheries: The cultural politics of United States science and exploration in outer space and Antarctica, 1950s--1990sAuthor: Spiller, James AndrewPublication info: The University of Wisconsin - Madison, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1999. 9938758.ProQuest document linkAbstract:This study examines the nationalistic rhetoric pervading public discourse, expressed in a wide variety of interdependent media, about the United States space and Antarctic programs from the late 1950s to the 1990s. Viewing Americans during this period as alternately hopeful about a brighter future and anxious about proliferating threats to humanity, this dissertation explores how public-opinion makers regarded these federal programs as America's newest frontier efforts, the means of overcoming its threats and spreading freedom and prosperity to all people. Many more Americans were captivated by their nation's space activities than they were by its Antarctic endeavors. Commentators regularly treated both of these state technoscience programs, however, as uplifting examples of progress, demonstrations of America's stunning achievements in science and technology and attempts to heal a world riven by Cold War conflict. America's cosmic and Antarctic exploits were driven by national security concerns and many political and economic interests. But the public appeal of expensive federal space and Antarctic exploration lay not in these narrow concerns and interests but in the ways that these programs evoked the strength of America's economy and the virtue of its liberal ideology and political system. This study examines the nationalistic rhetoric of public observers—people in government, industry, the professions, and the media—and argues that whether they endorsed these programs owing to self-interest or to sincere attachment to the nation, they legitimized particular structures of political and economic power by casting space and Antarctic exploration in narratives about America's glorious future.Constructing America at the Peripheries, explores the political nature of public discourse by analyzing how networks of people with complementary interests as well as desires to reinforce dominant conceptions of the United States depicted the importance of space and Antarctic exploration during this dynamic period. And it investigates the cultural dynamics of federal politics by exploring how government officials and their allies in industry, academia, and the media, relied on nationalistic rhetoric to garner public backing for America's politically, militarily, and economically important activities in the peripheral regions of outer space and Antarctica.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: American history; Science historyClassification: 0337: American history; 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Social sciences Antarctica Cultural politics Exploration Outer space Peripheries ScienceNumber of pages: 372Publication year: 1999Degree date: 1999School code: 0262Source: DAI-A 61/02, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann Arbor

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Country of publication: United StatesISBN: 97805996 24726, 0599624728Advisor: Boyer, PaulUniversity/institution: The University of Wisconsin - MadisonUniversity location: United States -- WisconsinDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 9938758ProQuest document ID: 304538645Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/304538645?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalThe Analogue Alternative: A Socio-Economic History of the Analogue Computer in Britain and the USA, 1930-1975Author: Small, James S.Publication info: The University of Manchester (United Kingdom), ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1994. 13805264.ProQuest document linkAbstract:In the USA and Britain, postwar military programmes and the design of equipment for military use established a variety of economic and technical imperatives that led to the design and construction of a new, alternative, computing technology - the general-purpose electronic analogue computer. This dissertation describes and analyzes the development, commercialization and decline of post-World War II electronic analogue computers in Britain and the USA from the late 1930s to the mid-1970s. We see that though electronic analogue computers relied on prior technology, they did not originate from attempts to progressively apply electronics to the foremost analogue computing devices, namely the mechanical differential analyzers or the electrical network analyzers. The postwar construction of the electronic analogue computer was almost entirely independent of the prewar centres of analogue computer development, and was undertaken by different people, to solve different problems. It involved the redefinition and enrolment of electronic devices that had been developed largely during the war for fixed-purpose automated control and simulation applications. What emerged from this work was a unified computational technology and set of techniques that became a valuable tool for engineering design. We see that in both Britain and the USA the principal driving force behind the development of electronic analogue computers was the demand for aids to computation that arose in the design and development of guided missiles and aircraft. Military projects, funding, procurement, and performance criteria played crucial roles, not only in laying the technological foundation of electronic analogue computers/computing but also in sustaining their use and development. However, though military patronage and economic and technical factors were extremely influential in shaping the course and direction of the development of postwar electronic analogue computers, they do not entirely explain either the success or the real appeal of electronic analogue computers. Electronic analogue computers were also shaped by and resonated with an engineering pedagogy that emphasised empiricism, trial-and-error and parameter-variation design methods, and stressed the value of visualization and tacit forms of technological knowledge over analytical methods and theory expressed as mathematical formulae. By redefining scale model building techniques and enabling dynamic systems to be simulated in real time, electronic analogue computers enhanced traditional engineering design practices. They helped engineers bridge the gap between the limits of theory and existing empirical methods on the one hand and the complex real-world systems that they were constructing on the other. For more than thirty years the development of electronic analogue computers ran parallel to that of digital computers. Throughout this period proponents of the two competing technologies debated the relative merits of analogue and digital computing. This debate, as well as the commitment of firms and individuals to electronic analogue computing, suggests that there is a lacuna between current historical retrospective and contemporary attitudes. Indeed, contemporary attitudes indicate that the superiority of digital computing was equivocal. From the perspective of the

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analogue alternative we can see that there was a much more robust belief in the future of analogue computing than portrayed by extant writings in the history of technology. The fact that electronic analogue computing would be superseded by digital was by no means universally accepted as a foregone conclusion.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Science historyClassification: 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: (UMI)AAI13805264 Social sciences Analog computingNumber of pages: 369Publication year: 1994Degree date: 1994School code: 1543Source: DAI-C 77/08, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780438736108University/institution: The University of Manchester (United Kingdom)Department: Centre for the Study of Science Technology and MedicineUniversity location: EnglandDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 13805264ProQuest document ID: 2171770489Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2171770489?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalHISTORY OF THE PRINCIPLE OF INTERFERENCE (OPTICS)Author: KIPNIS, NAUM S.Publication info: University of Minnesota, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1984. 8424711.ProQuest document linkAbstract:The principle of interference of light, first formulated by Thomas Young in 1801 and rediscovered by Augustin Fresnel in 1815, has been discussed by historians only as a part of the wave theory of light.In this dissertation an attempt is made to separate this principle from the wave theory and treat it as a physical concept--the basis of a mathematical theory of periodic colors. The major topics are: the discovery and development of the principle of interference between 1799 and 1865, its acceptance by scientists, and its role in the debate on the nature of light.Difficulties in grasping the physical meaning of interference generally hindered the acceptance of this concept. However, those scientists who were primarily concerned with a mathematical description of phenomena, whatever their views on the nature of light, ignored these difficulties and supported the principle of interference simply as a means for mathematizing diffraction and other optical phenomena. Consequently, the principle of interference was adopted prior to the wave theory of light and assisted in the eventual establishment of this theory.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Science historyClassification: 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Social sciencesNumber of pages: 339Publication year: 1984Degree date: 1984

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School code: 0130Source: DAI-A 45/08, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesUniversity/institution: University of MinnesotaUniversity location: United States -- MinnesotaDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertat ion/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 8424711ProQuest document ID: 303297116Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/303297116?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY IN AMERICA, 1890-1933: ORIGINS, GROWTH, AND DEFINITION.Author: SERVOS, JOHN WILLIAMPublication info: The Johns Hopkins University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1979. 7914304.ProQuest document linkAbstract: None available.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Science historyClassification: 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Social sciencesNumber of pages: 552Publication year: 1979Degree date: 1979School code: 0098Source: DAI-A 40/01, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesUniversity/institution: The Johns Hopkins UniversityUniversity location: United States -- MarylandDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 7914304ProQuest document ID: 302925164Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/302925164?accountid=14709

Good Evidence, Bad Evidence: Science, Ethics, and the Politics of Making and Unmaking Public Health PoliciesAuthor: Johns, David MerrittPublication info: Columbia University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2019. 13809923.ProQuest document linkAbstract:This dissertation examines the recent historical period of emphasis on optimizing the use of scientific evidence in policymaking, the nature of the challenge to existing sources of authority in public health, medicine, and public policy initiated by the evidence-based movement as it developed and unfolded over fifty years, and its effect on the making and unmaking of public health policies in the United States. It

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engages in a broad study of how the concept of evidence has been mobilized in public health policymaking in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, how and why concepts of what should count as good evidence have changed over time, and differences in the role of scientific evidence in the policymaking versus policy-unmaking processes.The dissertation does this through an intellectual history of the evidence-based movement and three historical case studies. The three cases are: 1) the development and implementation of the low-fat campaign and its subsequent destabilization, incremental modification, and partial replacement with policies aimed at reducing population-level intake of sugar-sweetened beverages; 2) the development and adoption of salt reduction policies, and subsequent efforts by health officials to buttress those policies amid changes in the science that threatened to destabilize the policy paradigm; 3) the development and implementation of policies early in the AIDS epidemic requiring that risk-reduction counseling always be provided both before and after administration of the HIV test, and the struggles of health officials to discontinue those counseling programs when doubts emerged about their efficacy. The thesis concludes with a critique of the concept of “evidence-based policy” through the example of the US Preventive Services Task Force, a pioneer organization involved in the conduct of evidence-based analysis, which has struggled to maintain its exclusive focus on the data in the face of new policy responsibilities under the Affordable Care Act. In each case study I focus on the networks of researchers, advocates, journalists, industry professionals, and public health decision makers whose collective negotiations shape policy outcomes. I draw upon extensive documentary evidence gathered in public and private archives, emails obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, and key informant interviews.The dissertation shows how the evidence-based movement has roots in the social sciences and the contentious politics of the War on Poverty and took shape in the 1970s in the context of a pivot to disease prevention and health promotion at moment when the efficacy of many clinical interventions had come under question. The case studies show that in situations of scientific uncertainty public health interventions must sometimes be implemented before obtaining evidence of efficacy, that institutional arrangements and historical context can powerfully shape interpretations of the available research, how pragmatic considerations such as feasibility contribute to decisions to implement interventions, the stark challenge that can be posed by institutional inertia and resistance to efforts to de-implement existing programs, and the ways in which public health actors can selectively invoke and distort the past in the service of contemporary initiatives to organize for policy change. The dissertation suggests the “evidence-based” mantra masks a complex interplay of politics, values, cultural trends, and other extra-scientific factors that often better explain the policy process than do shifts in the evidence.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Ethics; Nutrition; Public health; Science historyClassification: 0394: Ethics; 0570: Nutrition; 0573: Public health; 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Philosophy, religion and theology Social sciences Health and environmental sciences Evidence-based Evidence-based policy HIV Salt SugarNumber of pages: 542Publication year: 2019Degree date: 2019School code: 0054Source: DAI-B 80/08(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9781392019696Advisor: Bayer, RonaldUniversity/institution: Columbia UniversityDepartment: Sociomedical SciencesUniversity location: United States -- New YorkDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 13809923ProQuest document ID: 2203578929

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Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2203578929?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalResearching North America: Sir Humphrey Gilbert's 1583 Expedition and a Reexamination of Early Modern English Colonization in the North Atlantic WorldAuthor: Probasco, Nathan J.Publication info: The University of Nebraska - Lincoln, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2013. 3558792.ProQuest document linkAbstract:Sir Humphrey Gilbert's 1583 expedition to North America was the first attempt by an Englishman to colonize beyond the British Isles, and yet it has not been subject to thorough scholarly analysis for more than seventy years. Although it is often overlooked or misinterpreted by scholars, an exhaustive examination of the voyage reveals the complexity and preparedness of this and similar early modern English expeditions. Gilbert recruited several specialists who expended considerable time and resources while researching and otherwise working in support of the voyage. Their efforts secured much needed capital, a necessary component of expensive private voyages, and they ensured that Gilbert had a reasonably clear picture of North American geography, flora, and fauna before leaving England's shores. Focusing specifically on the cartography, nautical science, and promotional literature of the expedition, my dissertation clarifies their role in Elizabethan colonization and elucidates the preparation stages of early modern English colonizing voyages.By enlisting promoters like Richard Hakluyt, Stephen Parmenius, and Christopher Carleill, whose skills and experience varied considerably but who nonetheless wrote compelling, well researched texts spanning multiple genres, Gilbert maximized his chances of gaining subscribers. He also recruited various skilled practitioners like John Dee to create manuscript and printed maps that helped him to gain permission for the voyage, to advertise it, to guide it, and to stake his claim to North America. Much of Gilbert's intelligence came from reading printed and manuscript texts, which allowed him to establish England's legal claim to North America. He and his supporters also interviewed Englishmen and foreigners who had been to Norumbega. Based upon their navigational research, Gilbert's circle intended to implement several seafaring advances during their transatlantic crossing, even if the crew was unable to execute all of their plans. Scholars typically depict England's earliest colonizing voyages as being haphazard and experimental in nature, but a close examination of the preparations for Gilbert's voyage shows that he and his supporters worked diligently for several years to ready themselves for their expedition to North America.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: European history; History; Science historyClassification: 0335: European history; 0578: History; 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Social sciences Atlantic world British colonization Cartography Early modern voyage History of science NavigationNumber of pages: 347Publication year: 2013Degree date: 2013School code: 0138Source: DAI-A 74/08(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9781303033704Advisor: Levin, Carole B.Committee member: Burnett, Amy; Coope, Jessica; Jones, Jeannette; Schleck, JuliaUniversity/institution: The University of Nebraska - LincolnDepartment: HistoryUniversity location: United States -- NebraskaDegree: Ph.D.

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Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 3558792ProQuest document ID: 1352166017Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1352166017?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalCreating green chemistry: Discursive strategies of a scientific movementAuthor: Roberts, Jody A.Publication info: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2006. 3347624.ProQuest document linkAbstract:In this dissertation, I examine the evolution of the green chemistry movement from its inception in the early 1990s to the present day. I focus my study on the discursive strategies employed by leaders of the movement to establish green chemistry and to develop and institute changes in the practice of the chemical sciences. The study looks specifically at three different strategies. The first is the construction of a historical narrative. This history comes from the intersection of the chemical sciences with environmentalism in the United States retold to place chemistry in a central position for understanding global environmental health issues and green chemistry as the natural response to these problems. The second involves the attempts made to develop a concrete definition for green chemistry as well as a set of guiding principles for the practice of this alternative form of chemistry. The establishment of the definition and the principles, I argue, constitutes an important move in constituting the field as a very specific interdisciplinary group with a forged identity and the beginnings of a system for determining what properly ‘counts’ as green chemistry. The third comes from the intersection of this history within the defining principles of the movement intersect to create a specific set of green chemistry practices, and how these practices manifest themselves in conference and pedagogical settings. Finally, I offer an overview of where the movement currently stands, offering a critical perspective on the future potential of the field. I argue that recent episodes indicate that the movement has not succeeded in accomplishing what it set out to do, and will continue to encounter problems unless a refashioning of the movement takes place. To offer perspective on green chemistry as a movement, I examine it through the lens of other (e.g., Frickel and Gross 2005) attempts to explore scientific movements as a special class of social movements.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Science history; Social structure; Environmental scienceClassification: 0585: Science history; 0700: Social structure; 0768: Environmental scienceIdentifier / keyword: Health and environmental sciences Social sciences Chemistry studies Disciplining Discursive Discursive strategies Green chemistry Scientific movementsNumber of pages: 196Publication year: 2006Degree date: 2006School code: 0247Source: DAI-A 70/02, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: Unit ed StatesISBN: 9781109031812Advisor: Burian, Richard M.University/institution: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityUniversity location: United States -- VirginiaDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: English

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Document type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 3347624ProQuest document ID: 304962703Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/304962703?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalPrinciples and problems: Constructions of theoretical physics in Germany, 1890–1918Author: Seth, SumanPublication info: Princeton University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2003. 3102220.ProQuest document linkAbstract:This dissertation examines the development of the discipline of theoretical physics in Germany from its multiple and contested beginnings in the late nineteenth century to the end of the First World War. It describes the development of a self-aware discipline not only in terms of a history of ideas, but also in terms of that discipline's discursive, pedagogical and industrial contexts. By embedding two distinctly different “kinds” of theoretical physics—those of Max Planck and Arnold Sommerfeld—in their local and national contexts, the apparent coherence of the discipline in the mid-1920s is rendered a riddle to be explained, rather than the natural outcome of the rise of certain kinds of institutions or the internal development of ideas.Two particular constructions of theoretical physics are explored in detail: what has been termed “the physics of principles,” and what is here termed “the physics of problems.” The physics of principles was outlined by Planck in Berlin, and was emphasised by several theoreticians, most prominently Albert Einstein. The physics of problems was epitomized by the work of the Sommerfeld School in Munich. Planck promoted a practice of theoretical physics devoted to abstract, de-anthropomorphised, de-historicised, “pure” principles. Sommerfeld focussed on specific problems, drawing these from a variety of sources, including, even emphasising questions of economic or technological benefit.Although these two constructions are associated with the names of individuals, they had a much wider—community-wide—impact. Planck's views were put forward as part of a public, widely received discourse, one that was rapidly picked up, as Planck's scientific status rose within the physics community. The Sommerfeld School trained more theoretical physicists than any other site, at least eight Nobel prize winners among them. Sommerfeld's many students adopted his way of seeing the physical world and his and their analytic practices represented a dominant strand in what the field came to be. By exploring these two paths together one can begin to understand the formative years of the discipline that, to many, signified the pinnacle of scientific achievement for the twentieth century.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Science historyClassification: 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Social sciences Arnold Sommerfeld Germany Max Planck Physics Planck, Max Sommerfeld, Arnold Theoretical physicsNumber of pages: 315Publication year: 2003Degree date: 2003School code: 0181Source: DAI-A 64/09, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesAdvisor: Wise, M. NortonUniversity/institution: Princeton UniversityUniversity location: United States -- New JerseyDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/Thesis

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Dissertation/thesis number: 3102220ProQuest document ID: 288241277Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/288241277?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalEl carácter tradicionalista de la obra de don Enrique de Villena (1384–1434)Author: Segura, JosePublication info: The University of British Columbia (Canada), ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2000. NQ56618.ProQuest document linkAbstract:For almost five centuries Enrique de Villena (1384–1434) has been branded as a sorcerer and dismissed as both incredulous and superstitious because of his interest in the so-called “occult” sciences. Partly for this reason, until very recently, his writings have attracted little serious scholarly attention, and an edition of his complete works has only been available since 1994. The present thesis is an overall study of Villena's works within a conceptual framework which reflects the ideological bases which served as Villena's own point of departure. Drawing on studies of traditional societies by specialists such as René Guénon and Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, we are able to formulate a well-defined paradigm that explains not just the philosophical foundations of Ancient and Medieval science and literature, but of all human activity in societies which regard their ultimate foundations as resting on a set of divinely—revealed precepts.Chapter 1 provides a critical review of the main contributions to Villena studies, and defines seven fundamental characteristics of traditionalism (also known as the Philosophia perennis) which, in Chapter 2, we are able to identify in Villena's works. Chapter 3 illustrates the existence in the works of Villena of the two classes of traditional authors, and eight of the most common synonyms for their cognitive organs. Chapter 4 presents the function of the restorer and eleven aspects of the traditional author's modus scribendi as found both in traditionalism and in Villena's works. Chapter 5 selects some distinctive notions which characterize five branches of traditional science so as to illustrate their presence in the scientific works of Villena.This thesis demonstrates that the works of Enrique de Villena can only be fully understood when read in the light of traditional philosophy. It also shows that Villena was attempting to revive this Philosophia perennis in the first half of the fifteenth century, a Philosophia which, because of its faith-based tenets and the need for a special intellectual initiation into the comprehension of its precepts, was being rejected by the increasing rationalism of the age.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Literature; Middle Ages; Romance literature; Science history; PhilosophyClassification: 0297: Literature; 0297: Middle Ages; 0313: Romance literature; 0585: Science history; 0422: PhilosophyIdentifier / keyword: Philosophy, religion and theology Social sciences Language, literature and linguistics Scientific works Spain Spanish text Traditionalism Villena, Enrique deNumber of pages: 248Publication year: 2000Degree date: 2000School code: 2500Source: DAI-A 62/01, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780612566187, 0612566188Advisor: Carr, Derek C.University/institution: The University of British Columbia (Canada)University location: CanadaDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & Theses

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Language: SpanishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: NQ56618ProQuest document ID: 304673328Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/304673328?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalThe soul of the cosmos: Understanding our bond with the living universeAuthor: Fideler, David RaymondPublication info: The Union Institute, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1998. 9933668.ProQuest document linkAbstract:The Soul of the Cosmos: Understanding Our Bond with the Living Universe is the working draft of a publishable book for a general audience rooted in philosophical and historical scholarship which explores how our philosophical ideas and cosmological models influence the way that we relate to the world and other people. Specifically, the manuscript focuses on the traditional Western idea of the World Soul and the living universe, contrasting it with the mechanistic worldview of the Scientific Revolution. I argue that for many centuries the idea of the living universe helped to maintain a healthy bond between humanity and the larger-than-human world in which we are embedded. The mechanistic worldview of the Scientific Revolution, on the other hand, portrayed the cosmos not as alive, but as a dead, inanimate machine, perpetually grinding along according to eternal laws. While the mechanistic metaphor proved to be fruitful in many ways and gave humanity power over the world through the techniques of mathematical analysis, under its influence nature came to be increasingly seen as a collection of merely functional objects. For some thinkers, organisms came to be envisioned as being akin to self-functioning automatons or “biochemical factories.” Moreover, some scientists depicted life as a cosmic accident, essentially contingent in nature, or even a “disease of matter,” rather than an intrinsic aspect of the cosmic pattern. In turn, this way of picturing humanity's relationship to the universe caused a great sense of alienation to emerge during the modern era, and also encouraged an exploitive attitude toward nature.The Soul of the Cosmos examines the epistemological, anthropological, and cultural implications of the mechanistic and biocentric worldviews. I argue that due to new scientific discoveries in mathematics, physics, cosmology, and biology, the mechanistic worldview is breaking down and coming to be seen as overly reductionistic. Unlike a static machine, we now understand the entire universe to be evolutionary, like an organism; moreover, we humans, rather than being distant spectators, are bonded to its very core and an emergent embodiment of cosmic process. Soul of the Cosmos is dedicated to exploring this new cosmological vision, its ancient roots, and its broad cultural implications.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Philosophy; Science history; Cultural anthropologyClassification: 0422: Philosophy; 0585: Science history; 0326: Cultural anthropologyIdentifier / keyword: Philosophy, religion and theology Social sciences Cosmology Mechanistic worldview UniverseNumber of pages: 329Publication year: 1998Degree date: 1998School code: 1033Source: DAI-A 60/06, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780599343399, 0599343397Advisor: Meeker, Joseph W.University/institution: The Union InstituteUniversity location: United States -- OhioDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & Theses

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Language: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 9933668ProQuest document ID: 304477845Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/304477845?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalThe recombinant DNA case: Balancing scientific and political decision-makingAuthor: Oei, Hong LimPublication info: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1994. 9425585.ProQuest document linkAbstract:The unfolding of recombinant DNA, from research technique to political issue, is described. As a research technique, recombinant DNA (abbreviated rDNA) has opened up new vistas in biological and other fields of research. But its potential yet unproven hazard has created uneasy feelings toward the technique. The controversial nature of the issue finally launched rDNA into the political sphere, involving scientists, the public at large, and Congress in efforts to control the development of the field.The first group to regulate rDNA was the scientists. The scientific community called for a voluntary moratorium on experiments perceived as potentially dangerous at the time. It was an unprecedented act. The National Institutes of Health subsequently issued guidelines for a safe execution of rDNA experiments to minimize potential dangers to public health and well-being. Efforts of the scientific community to control rDNA was seen, however, as a politics of expertise. Challenges to this "technocratic" approach soon emerged.Vocal members of the public suspected expert decision makers as being biased toward scientific interests, reducing rDNA to a technical issue. They rejected the experts' tunnel vision and demanded a say in decisions. Public participation in the decision-making process precipitated community debates at locations where rDNA research was ongoing. A democratic approach to decision-making proved to be a viable policy-making mode. The ensuing local and state laws, however, seemed inadequate to cover global consequences of rDNA.In an effort to unify regulations of the field, Congress attempted to legislate on the subject. Resistance from the scientific community, which regard legislative control as rigid and unnecessary, was one of the causes of diminishing congressional interest in the matter. None of the introduced bills was enacted.For complex policy areas with uncertain yet far-reaching scientific and societal consequences--like rDNA--this dissertation recommends a policy-making process where scientists, interested lay persons, politicians, public administrators, and other relevant parties participate in structured communications prior to an emerging controversy. To facilitate the process, establishment of National Science Fora is recommended.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Public administration; Science historyClassification: 0617: Public administration; 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Social sciencesNumber of pages: 229Publication year: 1994Degree date: 1994School code: 0247Source: DAI-A 55/04, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesAdvisor: Goodsell, Charles T.University/institution: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityUniversity location: United States -- VirginiaDegree: Ph.D.

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Source type: Disse rtations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 9425585ProQuest document ID: 304148543Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/304148543?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalPositivism and realism in the writings of Moritz SchlickAuthor: Lewis, Joia A.Publication info: Indiana University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1990. 9109745.ProQuest document linkAbstract:Moritz Schlick, the founder of the Vienna Circle, is best known for his logical positivist writings of the late 20's and early 30's. He is traditionally seen as having dropped his earlier realist views for an anti-realist positivism. This picture obscures both the complexity and profundity of Schlick's own philosophical development, as well as important issues in understanding positivist and realist assumptions in current debates among philosophers of science. This dissertation seeks to contribute to the contemporary debates through an analysis of Schlick's early as well as his later work, through an examination and evaluation of the principles and motives upon which Schlick based his claims.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Philosophy; Science history; PhysicsClassification: 0422: Philosophy; 0585: Science history; 0605: PhysicsIdentifier / keyword: Philosophy, religion and theology Social sciences Pure sciences Schlick, Moritz Vienna CircleNumber of pages: 260Publication year: 1990Degree date: 1990School code: 0093Source: DAI-A 51/12, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesAdvisor: Wessels, LindaUniversity/institution: Indiana UniversityUniversity location: United States -- IndianaDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 9109745ProQuest document ID: 303853954Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/303853954?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalWired help for the farm: Individual electric generating sets for farms, 1880-1930Author: Lee, Carol AnnePublication info: The Pennsylvania State University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1989. 9018242.ProQuest document linkAbstract:This study argues that rural electrification in the United States began before the 1920s and that its scope extended beyond the technical range of central station electricity and beyond the political range of public

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power, as illustrated by the development of self-contained electrical generating plants for farms. After twenty years of discussion about electricity in agriculture, manufacturers began marketing standardized plants after 1910; sales peaked between 1916 and 1921. By 1929 half of all the electrified farms in the country used homemade electricity.As a technology offering a pattern of energy use that was ultimately rejected by society, individual lighting plants present a fruitful avenue for studying rural electrification, for the circumstances surrounding their construction, dissemination, and use mirrored broader national themes and trends in the production and use of electricity.The triple themes of profit, convenience, and efficiency pervaded promotion of lighting sets. Agricultural and electrical engineers saw them as tools for agrarian reform and the modernization of rural life. Utilities saw in them devices that reduced pressure to provide immediate rural service and prepared the way for future extension of rural lines. As a small power supply, they had their most dramatic effect upon household work and the lives of farm women, and farm families used them to help improve living and production standards.The story of individual lighting sets faltered in the late 1920s. As electrical generating and distributing technology improved and the electrical generating business consolidated, an energy vision based on the large-scale generation and distribution of electricity seized the national imagination. Economic hard times for farmers restricted purchases in the 1920s, and abruptly halted them at the onset of the Depression in 1929. The advent of national political battles over control of the nation's electrical generating facilities in the 1930s effectively ended interest in a rural electrical system based upon small-scale, individually owned and operated generating facilities.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: American history; American studies; Energy; Science historyClassification: 0337: American history; 0323: American studies; 0791: Energy; 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Social sciences Applied sciencesNumber of pages: 275Publication year: 1989Degree date: 1989School code: 0176Source: DAI-A 51/02, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesAdvisor: McMurry, Sally A.University/institution: The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity location: United States -- PennsylvaniaDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 9018242ProQuest document ID: 303718391Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/303718391?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalTHE SIDEREAL VISIONS OF KANT, HUMBOLDT, AND EINSTEIN: AN INTRODUCTION TO GERMAN COSMOLOGICAL PROSEAuthor: MCCULLOH, MARK RICHARDPublication info: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1983. 8309983.ProQuest document linkAbstract:Beginning with an examination of the problems inherent in the unorthodox approach "science as literature," this dissertation attempts an examination of creative language use and speculative fantasy in

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that field of the physical sciences which is perhaps man's boldest fiction, i.e., cosmography. Germany's contribution to the modern version of this creative effort has been significant, beginning with Johannes Kepler and gaining mature vernacular expression with the Newtonian Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels (1755) by Immanuel Kant, a work that initiated the still current "nebular hypothesis" of cosmogony, suggested systematic replication on a galactic scale, and also predicted planets beyond Saturn. In the mid-nineteenth century, Alexander von Humboldt synthesized contemporary knowledge of the natural world in a consciously aesthetic description of the cosmic "landscape," Kosmos (1845-1858). Early in the twentieth century, Albert Einstein's numerous essays (1905-1917) and his paradigmatic "Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitatstheorie" (1916) revolutionized modern cosmology with a fanciful vision of gravitationally curved space, time dilation, and ultimate equivalence of mass and energy.Writings on "science as literature" generally consider either the use of natural science as a subject for verse form (as it began to appear more commonly in the eighteenth century), or the appearance of modern scientific notions in works of an otherwise presumably nonscientific nature, e.g., the novel, the drama, and the lyric poem. Although historically inaccurate, the conviction that prose of the physical sciences places little value on aesthetic language use of literary form has permitted the literature scholar to neglect scientific literature. This dissertation grew out of the conviction that writers like Kant, Humboldt, and Einstein produced not only important artifacts for German intellectual history, but works of intrinsic literary value. Through critical and comparative investigation, this study attempts to provide a clearer picture of cosmography in German, a long-neglected prose genre.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Germanic literature; Science historyClassification: 0311: Germanic literature; 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Social sciences Language, literature and linguisticsNumber of pages: 425Publication year: 1983Degree date: 1983School code: 0090Source: DAI-A 43/12, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesUniversity/institution: University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUniversity location: United States -- IllinoisDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 8309983ProQuest document ID: 303165091Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/303165091?accountid=14709

From Jeu D'Esprit to Exact Science: Speculation, Science, and Literary Expression in the US, 1870-1895Author: Robinson, CharlesPublication info: The University of Memphis, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10633184.ProQuest document linkAbstract:From Jeu D’Esprit to Exact Science: Speculation, Science, and Literary Expression in the US, 1870–1895 argues that as the nineteenth century closes, speculative prerogatives become practically forbidden as a motive for scientific inquiry, yet more common in literary writing and other imaginative extrapolations. Linking this development to two metascientific concepts, gradualism and descriptionism, which come to fruition in the second half of the century, I explore how a variety of texts, including novels, short stories, editorials, and scientific reports of the 1870s, 80s, and 90s, advance and confront these concepts. The introduction establishes 1870- 1895 as a period of diverse definitions, prerogatives, and print mediations

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of science. Each subsequent chapter examines an element of this cacophony. Chapter two, “Speculation, Extraction, and Polytechnical Education in The Gilded Age,” reads Twain and Warner’s The Gilded Age as a critique arising from the gold and silver rushes of the 1850s and 60s in which the authors recommend organized, professional, systemic science over haphazard prospecting activity. Chapter three, “Demarcation Problems: Speculation, Extrapolation, and Pseudo/science in the Works of Ignatius Donnelly,” argues Donnelly’s pseudoscientific writing on broadly geological topics urges his readers to reimagine humanity’s place in the universe. Moving from her earliest writing to her superlative treatment of the individual as document in A Country Doctor, chapter four, “The Value of an Individual: Sarah Orne Jewett as Statistician,” suggests that Jewett’s regionalist fiction responds to statistically-driven social science by doing another kind of statistical description, rather than rejecting statistics outright. Finally, in chapter five, “‘Speculation Has Exhausted Itself’: Iola Leroy, Social Con/science, and Racial Uplift,” I contrast the sentimentalism of Francis Ellen Watkins Harper’s historical romance, Iola Leroy, to ethnologies by Alexander Crummell, William Wells Brown, and George Washington Williams. I argue that Harper’s narrative envisions a Christian humanism that champions affective certitude over propositional scientific truth, making individual experience the arbiter of sociological description rather than the other way around.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Science history; American literature; Writing; Fiction; Historical text analysis; Novels; Truth; Romance languagesClassification: 0585: Science history; 0591: American literatureIdentifier / keyword: Language, literature and linguistics Social sciences Catastrophism Descriptionism Gradualism Literature and science Science studies SpeculationNumber of pages: 223Publication year: 2017Degree date: 2017School code: 1194Source: DAI-A 78/12(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 978-0-355-03873-6Advisor: Harris, DonalUniversity/institution: The University of MemphisUniversity location: United States -- TennesseeDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 10633184ProQuest document ID: 1941457537Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1941457537?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalTopics on the History of Tibetan Astronomy with a Focus on Background Knowledge of Eclipse Calculations in the 18th CenturyAuthor: Jo, SokhyoPublication info: Harvard University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2016. 10633007.ProQuest document linkAbstract:The eclipse calculations in Tibet feature religious implications. One religious issue is Buddhist chronology (bstan rtsis). With Kālacakra calculational bases, Tibetan Kālacakra astronomers have tried to synchronize with the Buddhist texts, stating that the Buddha’s enlightenment occurred during a lunar eclipse of the full moon. The concept is called “backward calculation” ( yar log gi rtsis).

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Another religious issue is the rite of posadha (gso sbyong). At some point in Tibet, the idea of ūnarātra (zhag mi thub) in the Abhidharma literature was used to argue the accuracy of the weekday (gza’ ) value of the skar rtsis for the performance of gso sbyong . However, the decision of the accurate day for the gso sbyong during the 18th century Amdo became an issue. At stake was the conjunction with the occurrence of the solar eclipses, whose dates occasionally matched up with the Qing Chinese calendar, not with the skar rtsis calendar. Upon these cases, one of the possible solutions was to perform gso sbyong in conformity with region (yul bstun gso sbyong) according to the Chinese date.Under the situation that an eclipse is closely tied to the religious chronology and practice, Tibetan astronomers made great efforts to produce the eclipse calculation results which were in accordance with direct experience (mngon sum). However, they have been confronted with the incongruity between their calculations and the real phenomena of an eclipse. Inevitably, the non-Kālacakra methods and knowledge, including observation, empirical data, debates, criticism, research into other traditions, etc. have been incorporated into the skar rtsis system based upon the Kālacakra.Technically, adding a correction (nur ster), the correction of residual (rtsis ’phro), the correction of a Great Conjunction at the zero point (stong chen ’das lo), etc., within the conceptual and methodological framework of the Kālacakra , have been used to tally calculations with the real phenomena of an eclipse. Also, the non-Kālacakra Chinese Lixiang kaocheng system (later known as Mā yang rgya rtsis), which was based upon modern geometric and trigonometric knowledge, was used.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Religion; Science historyClassification: 0318: Religion; 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Philosophy, religion and theology Social sciences Eclipse calculations Skar rtsis astronomyNumber of pages: 463Publication year: 2016Degree date: 2016School code: 0084Source: DAI-A 78/12(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780355030808Advisor: van der Kuijp, Leonard W. J. Witzel, Michael Henning, EdwardUniversity/institution: Harvard UniversityDepartment: Inner Asian and Altaic StudiesUniversity location: United States -- MassachusettsDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 10633007ProQuest document ID: 1933834921Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1933834921?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global'The American Soldier' in Jerusalem: How Social Science and Social Scientists TravelAuthor: Arbel, TalPublication info: Harvard University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2016. 10632917.ProQuest document linkAbstract:The dissertation asks how social science and its tools—especially those associated with the precise measurement of attitudes, motivations and preferences—became a pervasive way of knowing about and ordering the world, as well as the ultimate marker of political modernity, in the second half of the twentieth century.

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I explore this question by examining in detail the trials and tribulations that accompanied the indigenization of scientific polling in 1950s Israel, focusing on the story of Jewish-American sociologist and statistician Louis Guttman and the early history of the Israel Institute of Applied Social Research, the survey research organization he established and ran for forty years. Along with a wave of scientist-explorers who traveled to the postcolonial areas in the early Cold War, Guttman set out to the Middle East, leaving a secure academic position and settling in Jerusalem on the eve of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The inventor of cumulative scaling (known today as “Guttman scaling”)—a method of measurement first developed and used in The American Soldier, the classic World War II study of soldiering—Guttman sought to test in Israel the applicability of cutting-edge socio-psychological research techniques to the problems of a new state. With these objectives in mind, he established a small volunteer-based research unit within the Haganah, the largest among the paramilitary Zionist organizations in British Palestine, which then became part of the nascent Israeli Army. By the late 1950s, the military unit had evolved into a successful national research organization—the first of its kind outside the United States—that employed over two dozen workers and carried out studies on all aspects of social life for government offices, the military, and clients in the private sector.Joining others who have rejected Basalla’s diffusion model, my dissertation shows there was nothing inevitable about the spread of these statistical methods and tools. Rather, they traveled and took root through an active, engaged, and directed process, which required the entrepreneurial initiative and cultural labor of individuals, and depended in turn on the institutional experience and habits of mind they brought with them, their embodied skills, relationships and personal virtues. More concretely, I argue that the eventual institutionalization of this scientific practice and its attendant rationality in Israel was due primarily to Guttman’s ability to recreate the conditions of knowing by rendering social science expertise intelligible in the vernacular, and to make an “ecological niche” for scientific claims and methods to feel at home away from home.Yet, while Guttman was successful in recreating some of the conditions of social scientific knowing, conducting large-scale survey research in a “hostile,” or error generating environment—whether shortage of trained workers, resistant subjects and dismissive decision-makers, competing epistemic values, or the strains of war and state building—often engendered local adaptations. Highlighting the “iterability” of science in translation, I also show that behavioral concepts and claims embedded in the ‘deliverables’ produced by Guttman were often reframed, modified, and infused with local modes of reasoning and understanding as they were vernacularized.The dissertation thus serves to illuminates both the processes that governed the global circulation of scientific ideas and tools in the postwar period and the central role this knowledge migration played in shaping the history of the modern social sciences.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Science history; Military studies; Film studiesClassification: 0585: Science history; 0750: Military studies; 0900: Film studiesIdentifier / keyword: Social sciences Communication and the arts Attitude measurement British mandate Cold War Credibility Cultural transfer Epistemic values Guttman scaling Haganah Israel institute of applied social research Louis guttmanNumber of pages: 269Publication year: 2016Degree date: 2016School code: 0084Source: DAI-A 78/12(E ), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780355029956Advisor: Harrington, AnneCommittee member: Lemov, Rebecca; Owen, Roger; Shapin, StevenUniversity/institution: Harvard UniversityDepartment: History of ScienceUniversity location: United States -- MassachusettsDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & Theses

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Language: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 10632917ProQuest document ID: 1932289932Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1932289932?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyri ght ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalRepublic of Letters, Empire of Textbooks: Globalizing Western Knowledge, 1790-1895Author: Hsiung, HansunPublication info: Harvard University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2016. 10632720.ProQuest document linkAbstract:This dissertation seeks to answer two overarching questions: what was “Western knowledge” in the nineteenth century, and how did it become a global knowledge form? I do so by sketching a transnational history of the networks and practices that moved “Western knowledge” into Japan, the first non-Western country to putatively “modernize,” from the period roughly preceding the Napoleonic Wars until the end of the First Sino-Japanese War. Using archival materials from four countries and in seven languages, I contend the following: 1) that “Western knowledge” globalized primarily through the form of cheap educational print, represented by the modern textbook, rather than through major canonical works; 2) that Japan’s access to and understanding of these textbooks was mediated by multiple sites of print production across South, Southeast, and East Asia; 3) that the constant mediation of these textbooks through circulation transformed “Western knowledge” into something utterly different by the time it reached Japan. The dissertation is thus both a rehabilitation of textbooks as dynamic epistemic tools, and a deconstruction of “Western knowledge” as a series of global movements and transformations in print, thereby transcending any easy binary of knowledge “Eastern” and “Western.” In the process, I intervene in ongoing debates in intellectual history, book history, and the history of science, bringing them together in a reevaluation of the history of modernity at large.Chapter 1 begins by examining the case of a popular Dutch educational periodical as it traveled from the Netherlands, through colonial Java, and into Japan. I highlight the material transformations undergone by books during the course of their circulation, and demonstrate how the integrity of “Western knowledge” was destabilized by the fragility of the physical artifacts that carried it.Chapters 2 and 3 then examine the role of Chinese port towns in the circulation of textbooks to Japan. In Chapter 2, I trace the movement of a British textbook for deaf students to Hong Kong then into Nagasaki. The function of textbooks may be to teach, but the globalization of textbooks is often, I argue, a story of how disparate audiences give radically different answers to the question of what content, exactly, is actually being taught. At the same time, as I demonstrate in Chapter 3, there are also cases of unexpected convergence between ideologically opposed actors. Textbooks, for instance, functioned as a site of convergence between Christian missionaries in China, and the nominally anti-Christian shogunate in Japan.Chapter 4 switches narrative strategies to move away from textbooks themselves, and instead focus on the lives of key actors in the textbook economy. Specifically, I recover two forgotten figures of the early Meiji period instrumental to the history of textbook circulation: John Hartley, a British bookseller in Yokohama, and Jakob Kaderli, an itinerant Swiss adventurer and textbook author in Edo-Tokyo. Finally, Chapter 5 turns to mid- and late Meiji in order to examine why textbooks, despite their importance, vanished from the record of Japanese modernity, leading to the rise of a new paradigm of Western knowledge.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Asian History; Science historyClassification: 0332: Asian History; 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Social sciences Britain China Global history History of knowledge History of the book Intellectual history Japan Netherlands Transnational historyNumber of pages: 328Publication year: 2016

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Degree date: 2016School code: 0084Source: DAI-A 78/12(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780355029031Advisor: Kuriyama, ShigehisaUniversity/institution: Harvard UniversityDepartment: East Asian Languages and CivilizationsUniversity location: United States -- MassachusettsDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 10632720ProQuest document ID: 1931465039Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1931465039?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalIrregular Bodies: Polyhedral Geometry and Material Culture in Early Modern GermanyAuthor: Andrews, NoamPublication info: Harvard University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2016. 10632638.ProQuest document linkAbstract:The dissertation explores the centrality of the Platonic Solids, and polyhedral geometry generally, to the artistic and mixed-mathematical cultures of Renaissance Germany. Beginning with Albrecht Dürer’s groundbreaking treatise on geometry, the Underweyung der Messung (1525), the dissertation redefines sites of early modern experimentation to include the graphical spaces in which new geometrical knowledge was practiced, invented, contested, manipulated, discarded, and presented. The research describes the historical contexts and development of the practice of polyhedral geometry over the course of the 16th century, expanding from Dürer to the lesser-known textbooks for practical geometry that his work inspired in Germany, and continuing with epitomes of the polyhedral genre, namely Wenzel Jamnitzer’s Perspectiva corporum regularium (1568) and the drawings of the Augsburg artisan Lorentz Stöer. The dissertation then follows the migration of polyhedra into intarsia and turned-ivory artifacts used for teaching applied geometry to European aristocracy, and concludes by addressing the polyhedral cosmology of the astronomer Johannes Kepler. By tracing the lifespan of polyhedra from their use as perspectival tools and pedagogical devices in Renaissance workshops into courtly Kunstkammern and onto the precious surfaces of domestic objects, the dissertation uncovers the influence that the decorative arts had on the conceptualization of geometrical knowledge and its new engagement with materials and concepts of materiality.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Art history; Science historyClassification: 0377: Art history; 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Social sciences Communication and the arts Albrecht Durer Germany Johannes Kepler Models Polyhedra RenaissanceNumber of pages: 373Publication year: 2016Degree date: 2016School code: 0084Source: DAI-A 78/12(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 978035 5028614

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Advisor: Park, KatharineCommittee member: Blair, Ann; Galison, Peter; Payne, AlinaUniversity/institution: Harvard UniversityDepartment: History of ScienceUniversity location: United States -- MassachusettsDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 10632638ProQuest document ID: 1931403183Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1931403183?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalAxiomatic Modernism: Poetics, Logic, and Mathematics in the Early 20th CenturyAuthor: Massino, MeganPublication info: The University of Wisconsin - Madison, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2015. 10186346.ProQuest document linkAbstract:This project draws out the parallels between the linguistic and epistemological shifts explored in literary modernism and the foundational crises in mathematics and logic at the turn of the twentieth century. I demonstrate how early twentieth-century aesthetic theories, poetic practices, and philosophical investigations participate in a distinctly modernist turn in mathematical thinking, where philosophers, mathematicians, and verbal artists questioned the relationship of classical mathematical forms to logic, language, and the world. This modernist shift in aesthetic and mathematical thinking—from typology to topology, simple equations to more contingent algorithms, and closed systems/totalities to paradigms of complexity—does not abandon the precision of mathematical thinking or the prospect of fundamental truths. Rather, these thinkers continue to engage in what I call an "axiomatic method," attempting to produce fundamental axioms for logically representing phenomena that can incorporate the necessary vagueness and incompleteness in formalized systems. I comment on the resonances of the dialectical cartwheels of axiomatic modernism with the mathematical turn in recent continentally-inflected philosophy, where the "new metaphysics" enlists the axiomatic to combat discourses of linguistic access and the human-world gap in order to offer new theories of ontology.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Logic; Mathematics; Science history; American literature; Logic of language; Language typology; Ontology; 20th century; Poetics; Algorithms; Theoretical linguistics; Language history; Cognitive processes; PhilosophyClassification: 0395: Logic; 0405: Mathematics; 0585: Science history; 0591: American literatureIdentifier / keyword: Language, literature and linguistics Philosophy, religion and theology Pure sciences Social sciences Axioms Critical theory History of mathematics Logic Modernism PoeticsNumber of pages: 390Publication year: 2015Degree date: 2015School code: 0262Source: DAI-A 78/12(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 978-0-355-08077-3Advisor: Guyer, Sara E. Pondrom, Cyrena N.Committee member: Begam, Richard; Levine, Caroline; Woodward, KeithUniversity/institution: The University of Wisconsin - Madison

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Department: EnglishUniversity location: United States -- WisconsinDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 10186346ProQuest document ID: 1931019954Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1931019954?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalWeapons and tools of patronage: The role of the book in the sunspot controversy between Galileo Galilei and Christoph ScheinerAuthor: Hatton, Cassandra LouPublication info: California State University, Los Angeles, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2014. 1583065.ProQuest document linkAbstract:This thesis examines the role of the book in the seventeenth-century sunspot controversy between Galileo Galilei and Christoph Scheiner. The thesis will show that during this dispute, the book played a role beyond that of a receptacle of information, functioning not only as a weapon with which to attack one's rivals, but also as a tool to obtain and thank patrons. To do so, this thesis will first study the context of the seventeenth scientific revolution in astronomy. It will then examine the context of the Early Modern European Patronage system, as well as the role played by the Printing Revolution, before taking a look at Galileo and Scheiner's backgrounds, and giving a summation of events in the sunspot controversy. Finally, this thesis will analyze the material evidence found in Galileo and Scheiner's books relating to this controversy, including but not limited to frontispieces, title pages, portraits, letters of dedication and plates.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: European history; Science history; AstronomyClassification: 0335: European history; 0585: Science history; 0606: AstronomyIdentifier / keyword: Pure sciences Social sciences Early printing Galileo History of the book Patronage Scheiner SunspotsNumber of pages: 120Publication year: 2014Degree date: 2014School code: 0962Source: MAI 54/03M(E), Masters Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9781321534559Advisor: Wells, ScottCommittee member: Pfleger, Birte; Pugach, Sara; Wells, ScottUniversity/institution: California State University, Los AngelesDepartment: HistoryUniversity location: United States -- CaliforniaDegree: M.A.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 1583065ProQuest document ID: 1654999956

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Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1654999956?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalThe digital divide as cultural practice: A cognitive anthropological exploration of Japan as an ‘information society’Author: Kimura, TadamasaPublication info: State University of New York at Buffalo, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2010. 3407914.ProQuest document linkAbstract:The objective of this dissertation is to explore the socio-cultural contextualization of the digital divide in Japanese society. I undertake this task by developing a theoretical and methodological framework based on the notion of "culture as models," while explicating the cultural dimensions of the digital divide and the dynamics of ICTs, information and communication technologies, in society. It has become evident that "the digital divide" is not a matter of access to the PC-based Internet, but of different access means with a wide range of speeds and a great variety of use, as well as a matter of ICT skills, literacy and social support. The commercialization and social diffusion of advanced ICTs, such as FTTH, Fiber to the Home, and 3G mobile network, has been astounding in Japan, compared with other industrialized societies, while social diffusion of the Internet and mobile phones at large has been rather limited and a considerable number of Japanese fall through the network. Given the context, this thesis presents a comprehensive picture of the development of the digital divide or social diffusion of different kinds of ICTs in Japanese society.Examining the “Falling through the Net” in Japan reveals that the world’s most advanced and cutting-edge ICT equipment and services have been developed and commercialized aggressively in this country. However, due to a huge amount of investment in R&D and commercial deployment of such services, prices and charges for ICT services tend to be rather high. Thus, a considerable number of people fall through the network.Close scrutiny of documentation related to ICT policy of the Japanese government reveals that the government has relied on several significant “cultural models” that help to justify its prioritizing of the development of an advanced ICT infrastructure, especially concerning the establishment of a trunk network of fiber optics, while neglecting the need to stimulate the social use of ICT applications and human resource development.The issue of the digital divide and its surrounding policy measures are also formulated based on the same cultural models as general ICT policy. Policy measures for coping with the digital divide have been composed of two different kinds of initiatives. The one is concerned with nationwide infrastructure development “to correct the telecommunications gap”; the other is “the initiative to facilitate ICT use among the elderly and the disabled.”As far as the social distribution of wealth, opportunity and risk is concerned, the Japanese government subscribes more to a residual approach than to a universal approach. On the other hand, it would seem that the Japanese government holds a universal approach regarding infrastructure development.An examination of cultural models on the part of business and citizens/users indicates that the Japanese consider advanced ICTs as common commodity goods for enjoyment and information seeking. In addition, business has tried to bind customers to exclusive use of its service and to gain as much ARPU (average revenue per user) as possible, so as to develop and introduce new products and services aggressively. Therefore, while many Japanese can enjoy advanced ICTs, as many are left behind and Japan lags in terms of the social diffusion of the Internet and the social use of information networks.When it comes to the digital divide in ICT use among the Japanese, compared with the Koreans, the Finns, and the Americans, two different kinds of “use divide” are distinguished in Japanese Internet use. One of these is the phenomenon that even though advanced features of ICTs are commercialized and available for use in Japan, the actual usage of various features and functions is very low. The other type of use divide refers to the fact that even among the Japanese citizens who practice online communications to some extent, the dynamics between social interaction in cyberspace and that in the offline lived-in world are inclined to be lacking and they are divided from each other despite the wide availability of advanced technologies.

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After describing this phenomenon, I explicate the digital divide in use as a “communicative ecology” in Japanese society, and probe for the cultural models that serve as its underlying generative forces.I go on to explore cultural models that have to do with this communicative ecology: (1) “kuuki wo yomu” (to read the atmosphere), (2) the distinction between the cultural model of “shinrai” trust and that of “anshin” assurance, and (3) “kan-media-sei,” the strong co-dependency between the mass media and the Internet. Based on the exploration of these cultural models, I postulate a framework or a model of integrated communicative ecology to interpret the relationship between the activities in cyberspace, the mass media, and the offline world. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Cultural anthropology; Information Technology; Science historyClassification: 0326: Cultural anthropology; 0489: Information Technology; 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Social sciences Applied sciences Cognitive anthropology Cultural models Cultural practice Digital divide IT policy Information society JapanNumber of pages: 472Publication year: 2010Degree date: 2010School code: 0656Source: DAI-A 71/06, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9781124033457Advisor: Pollock, DonaldCommittee member: McElroy, Ann; Tedlock, BarbaraUniversity/institution: State University of New York at BuffaloDepartment: AnthropologyUniversity location: United States -- New YorkDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 3407914ProQuest document ID: 577368241Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/577368241?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalWhite House computer adoption and information policy from 1969 – 1979Author: Laprise, John PaulPublication info: Northwestern University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2009. 3386523.ProQuest document linkAbstract:The history of computers is a growing field of academic inquiry. Scholars have focused on government and military computer development during the mainframe era up until the mid 1970's and on the private and commercial sectors thereafter. The duality of this research agenda is grounded in the technological changes that reduced the cost and increased the accessibility of computer technology to the public. The White House straddled these two worlds, interfacing with the military and the private sector in the midst of the Cold War. It faced a variety of security and policy challenges in a dynamic and uncertain time. This dissertation is the first history and complementary analysis of how the White Houses of Presidents Nixon, Ford, and Carter initially adopted computers and developed information policy during the 1970’s. This project consists of four historical cases drawn from archival documents and oral histories: computer adoption by Nixon's National Security Council; telecommunications security policy during the Ford administration; computer adoption by Carter's Domestic Council and the reorganization of the Office of Telecommunications Policy and development of information policy during the Carter administration. Using a multidisciplinary framework, the research invokes previous work in the history of computing, science

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and technology studies, diffusion of innovation, White House Administration Studies, and surveillance studies to show how an array of complex factors shaped how the White House adopted computers and developed information policy. It also shows how the adoption of computers and users' everyday experiences with them influenced the shape of information policy. Finally, this research asserts that Cold War security concerns were the pervasive factor influencing computer adoption and information policy. Moreover, these concerns were effectively built into the technological systems and policies of the White House and exist to the present day, influencing post-Cold War technology decisions.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Modern history; Science history; Political scienceClassification: 0582: Modern history; 0585: Science history; 0615: Political scienceIdentifier / keyword: Social sciences Computer Computer adoption History Information Information policy National security Technology White HouseNumber of pages: 261Publication year: 2009Degree date: 2009School code: 0163Source: DAI-A 70/12, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9781109518702Advisor: Schwoch, James J.Committee member: Greenstein, Shane M.; Morris, Rick G.; White, Miriam B.University/institution: Northwestern UniversityDepartment: Media, Technology and SocietyUniversity location: United States -- IllinoisDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 3386523ProQuest document ID: 304972804Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/304972804?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalArt, science and enlightenment ideology: Joseph Wright and the Derby Philosophical SocietyAuthor: Graciano, Andrew SeanPublication info: University of Virginia, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2002. 3044910.ProQuest document linkAbstract:Several of Joseph Wright's paintings, executed after his Grand Tour of Italy (1773–75), are examined in light of the artist's intellectual interests in natural and moral philosophy that he shared with his friends in the Lunar Society of Birmingham and the Derby Philosophical Society. Among the philosophical subjects treated in the discussion of the painter's works are geology, mining, manufacture, botany, and sensibility. Each of these pursuits had a nationalistic purpose in accordance with the discourse of British Physiocratic economics. I demonstrate how Wright's landscapes, portraits and history paintings from this period evidence his intellect, socioeconomic status, and cultural role in the British Enlightenment.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Art History; Science history; European historyClassification: 0377: Art History; 0585: Science history; 0335: European historyIdentifier / keyword: Communication and the arts Social sciences Art Derby Philosophical Society England Enlightenment ideology Painting Science Wright, Joseph

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Number of pages: 205Publication year: 2002Degree date: 2002School code: 0246Source: DAI-A 63/03, Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780493588186, 0493588183Advisor: Johns, ChristopherUniversity/institution: University of VirginiaUniversity location: United States -- VirginiaDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 3044910ProQuest document ID: 305512248Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/305512248?accountid=14709

Learning to Listen: Musical Hearing and the Construction of Musicality in the Nineteenth CenturyAuthor: Ballance, Sara ElisabethPublication info: University of California, Santa Barbara, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10600366.ProQuest document linkAbstract:This dissertation examines the construction of skilled musical listening in the nineteenth century through the interrelated lenses of musical aesthetics, pedagogy, and scientific inquiry. I argue that over the course of the century, the ability to hear music in detailed and analytical ways superseded skills of performance as a central hallmark of musicality. This contradicted earlier models of musicality that centered on the production of musical sound, and also revised eighteenth-century beliefs that a “musical ear” was a fixed characteristic that a person either had or did not. What developed during the nineteenth century was a nuanced definition of the musical ear, along with a belief that a person could, and must, develop one through systematic training. I show that these ideals of listening emanated in part from mid-century conservative musical aesthetics. However, they were also enabled by scientific advances in the study of sensation and perception and translated into practice through the emerging discipline of ear training.Throughout the project, I consider this new emphasis on analytical listening in the context of larger aesthetic and cultural concerns. In particular, I ask who was excluded from a definition of musicality based on idealized aurality. As the conceptual boundary between musical and unmusical shifted from the production of music to an internal, unseen process of perception, beliefs about listening reinforced the idea that true aesthetic creativity was determined by identity as much as skill. In particular, across multiple discourses, women were judged to be unmusical by their perceived inability to listen. In this way, I interpret musical listening in the nineteenth century as a historicized perceptual process that mediated between social, scientific, and aesthetic concerns.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Music; PedagogyClassification: 0413: Music; 0456: PedagogyIdentifier / keyword: Communication and the arts Education Ear training Listening Musical aestheticsNumber of pages: 290Publication year: 2017Degree date: 2017School code: 0035Source: DAI-A 78/12(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann Arbor

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Country of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780355271515Advisor: Paul, David C.University/institution: University of California , Santa BarbaraDepartment: MusicUniversity location: United States -- CaliforniaDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 10600366ProQuest document ID: 1938382387Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1938382387?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalSmall Mighty Centers in the Global Academic Capitalist Race: A Study of Systemic Factors Contributing to Scientific Capital Accumulation in Nordic Higher Education SystemsAuthor: Bégin-Caouette, OlivierPublication info: University of Toronto (Canada), ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10244504.ProQuest document linkAbstract:In the global academic capitalist race, academics, institutions and countries' symbolic power results from the accumulation of scientific capital (or research production), as acknowledged by rankings and other bibliometrics. Previous studies suggested Anglo-Saxon higher education systems (HES) dominated the academic field, but per capita analyses show that Nordic HES achieve comparatively higher results in terms of world-class universities, publications and citations. The objective of this thesis is thus to identify systemic factors contributing to the accumulation of scientific capital in Nordic HES.Following a hypothetical-deductive problem approach and a falsification process, seven systemic factors were hypothesized as having an impact and tested in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden according to a multi-governance framework, and a convergent and parallel mixed-method design. The seven factors are: academic traditions, societal beliefs, public authorities, early-career researchers, funding streams, networking with non-academic actors and internationalization.First, a deductive thematic analysis was performed on transcripts from fifty-six interviews, with saturation as a criterion to assess theme saliency. Second, an exploratory factor analysis was processed on a survey completed by 324 participants. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure verified the sampling adequacy for the analysis (KMO = .85). The analysis resulted in an internally consistent eight-factor structure (a = .89). Saturated themes, items' average score and multiple comparisons based on a one-way repeated-measure ANOVA (and pairwise post-hoc t tests) revealed that the hypotheses regarding the impact of academic traditions and internationalization could not be falsified. Third, the thematic analysis and a multivariate analysis of variance also showed that societal beliefs are perceived to have a stronger positive impact in Finland than in Denmark and Norway, while internationalization is perceived to have a stronger impact in Finland than in Denmark.This thesis lays down foundations for a "varieties of academic capitalism" (VoAC) approach, which would distinguish between Nordic, Continental European and Anglo-Saxon HES. This new approach could facilitate a more systematic comparison that includes the influence of political-economic structures on the comparative advantage of HES in the global academic capitalist race.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Scandinavian Studies; Public policy; Higher educationClassification: 0613: Scandinavian Studies; 0630: Public policy; 0745: Higher educationIdentifier / keyword: Social sciences Education Academic capitalism Comparative education Knowledge policies Nordic higher education systems Scientific capital Social-democratic welfare regimes

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Alternate title: Petits mais redoutables dans le capitalisme universitaire: Une étude des facteurs systémiques contribuant à l'accumulation de capital scientifique dans les systèmes d'enseignement supérieurs nordiquesNumber of pages: 437Publication year: 2017Degree date: 2017School code: 0779Source: DAI-A 78/12(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780355127324Advisor: Jones, Glen A.Committee member: Bloch, Carter W.; Hayhoe, Ruth; Seifert, Tricia; Sá, CresoUniversity/institution: University of Toronto (Canada)Department: Leadership, Higher and Adult EducationUniversity location: CanadaDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 10244504ProQuest document ID: 1937933591Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest. com/docview/1937933591?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalAnalyzing Mathematics High School State Examinations in Albania in the 1970s and 2006-2015: Two Decades, Two Historical PeriodsAuthor: Gjoci, BukuriePublication info: Columbia University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10598819.ProQuest document linkAbstract:This dissertation is devoted to the history of the Albanian system of education in general, its mathematics education program in particular, and, specifically, the Albanian high school mathematics assessment. Historical in terms of its research methodology, and mathematical-pedagogical in terms of the objects of the study, this research explores and compares the Albanian high school mathematics graduate examinations during 1970s and 2006–2015: two decades during two different historical periods. It analyzes the general structure of the examinations, their mathematical task design, and the history of their changes under the influence of political and social processes. The units of analysis here are the questions of each examination, which are examined both individually and in context as part of the examination, investigating the examinations’ topic coverage and comparing the latter to the intended national curriculum.This study was based on multiple primary sources, including documents from the Albanian Ministry of Education, the Central State Archive of the Republic of Albania, the Internet archive (http://www.arsimi.gov.al ), memoirs of former teachers, high school textbooks during the respective years, and other sources. The analysis showed that Albanian mathematics education was not immune to political and social change: both its curriculum and assessment were affected. Examination administration, format, topic coverage, and item characteristics, even the pure mathematical problems, represented in some ways the Albanian social, economic, and political views of the time.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Mathematics educationClassification: 0280: Mathematics educationIdentifier / keyword: Education Albanian high school examinations High stake examinations History of education system Mathematical task design Mathematics education Political statnding and education

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Number of pages: 250Publication year: 2017Degree date: 2017School code: 0054Source: DAI-A 78/12(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 978 0355085280Advisor: Karp, Alexander P.University/institution: Columbia UniversityDepartment: TC: Mathematics EducationUniversity location: United States -- New YorkDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 10598819ProQuest document ID: 1936057735Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1936057735?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalThe Science of Antislavery: Scientists, Abolitionism, and the Myth of Slavery's BackwardnessAuthor: Herschthal, EricPublication info: Columbia University, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10599275.ProQuest document linkAbstract:The Science of Antislavery explores the critical though rarely studied role scientists played in the early antislavery movement. It argues that scientists not only helped legitimize abolitionism but also helped create the myth that slavery was a backward institution. During the Age of Revolution (1770-1830), when antislavery societies first took root, abolitionism attracted many scientific supporters. Though their refutations of scientific racism are perhaps better known, they also made many arguments that went beyond race. Chemists argued that new chemical techniques would fertilize the soil more effectively, which would in turn reduce the need for slave labor. Botanists touted the natural environments of new British colonies in Africa and Southeast Asia, contending that they would make ideal free labor alternatives to Caribbean plantations. Geologists argued that the western American frontier, with its unique mineral deposits, was best suited to free white agricultural settlements rather than slavery’s expansion. Even by the 1830s, when the movement was taken over by a more radical, less elite multiracial coalition, scientific arguments continued to influence antislavery arguments. From the 1830s until the Civil War, antislavery supporters on both sides of the Atlantic argued that slaveholders’ alleged refusal to adopt new machinery was evidence of their backwardness. Today, as a new generation of historians demonstrate how modern slavery in fact was, The Science of Antislavery shows how the idea that it was somehow never modern came into being.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: American history; Philosophy of Science; HistoryClassification: 0337: American history; 0402: Philosophy of Science; 0578: HistoryIdentifier / keyword: Philosophy, religion and theology Social sciences Abolitionism Antislavery Britain Science Slavery United StatesNumber of pages: 460Publication year: 2017Degree date: 2017School code: 0054Source: DAI-A 78/12(E), Dissertation Abstracts International

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Place of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780355085365Advisor: Brown, Christopher L.Committee member: Delbourgo, James Delbourgo; Foner, Eric; Jones, Matthew; Waldstreicher, DavidUniversity/institution: Columbia UniversityDepartment: HistoryUniversity location: United States -- New YorkDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 10599275ProQuest document ID: 1936052977Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1936052977?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalCalculus and Newtonianism in Italy, 1689-1742: People, Ideas, InstitutionsAuthor: Macuglia, DanielePublication info: The University of Chicago, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10240098.ProQuest document linkAbstract:This dissertation focuses on how Italian civilization made its way, scientifically and mathematically, from the Renaissance to the Age of Enlightenment. More specifically, I investigate how calculus and Newtonianism spread across the Italian peninsula between 1689 and 1742, and how these disciplines transformed—and were transformed by—practices of synthetic geometry, the Galilean heritage, and Catholic scholasticism. My thesis is that, unlike what happened with the Galileo Affair and notwithstanding the general prohibitions on Copernicanism, major contributions to the spread of Newtonianism in Enlightened Italy came from within the Church itself. Furthermore, calculus and Newtonianism eventually reactivated Italian intellectual life, giving it new energy after an economic and cultural decline in the second half of the seventeenth century.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: HistoryClassification: 0578: HistoryIdentifier / keyword: Social sciences Calculus Church Enlightenment Italy NewtonianismNumber of pages: 360Publication year: 2017Degree date: 2017School code: 0330Source: DAI-A 78/12(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780355074871Advisor: Richards, Robert J.Committee member: Bertoloni Meli, Domenico; Stigler, Stephen M.University/institution: The University of ChicagoDepartment: Conceptual and Historical Studies of ScienceUniversity location: United States -- IllinoisDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 10240098

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ProQuest document ID: 1931117243Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1931117243?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalManaging Astronomy Research Data: Data Practices in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Large Synoptic Survey Telescope ProjectsAuthor: Sands, Ashley ElizabethPublication info: University of California, Los Angeles, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10600682.ProQuest document linkAbstract:Ground-based astronomy sky surveys are massive, decades-long investments in scientific data collection. Stakeholders expect these datasets to retain scientific value well beyond the lifetime of the sky survey. However, the necessary investments in knowledge infrastructures for managing sky survey data are not yet in place to ensure the long-term management and exploitation of these scientific data. How are sky survey data perceived and managed, by whom, and what are the implications for the infrastructures necessary to sustain the long-term value of data? This dissertation used semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and ethnographic fieldwork to explain how perspectives on data management differ among the stakeholder populations of two major sky surveys: the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). Perspectives on sky survey data cluster into two categories: “data as a process” is where data are perceived in terms of the practices and contexts surrounding data production; and “data as a product” is where data are perceived as objective representations of reality, divorced from their production context. Analysis reveals these different perspectives result from stakeholders’ differing data management responsibilities throughout the research life cycle, as reflected through their professional role, career stage, and level of astronomy education. These results were used to construct a data management life cycle model for ground-based astronomy sky surveys. Stakeholders involved in day-to-day construction, operations, and processing activities perceive data as a process because they are intimately familiar with how the data are produced. In contrast, sky survey leaders perceive data as a product due to their roles as liaisons to external stakeholders. During the proposal stage, leaders must present the data as objective and accurate to secure financial support; during data release, leaders must attract researchers to trust the data for scientific use. The tendency of sky survey leaders to regard data as a product leads them, and other stakeholders, to undervalue workforces, funding, and the other knowledge infrastructures necessary to sustain the value of scientific data. Planning for long-term data management must include stakeholders who view data as a process as well as those who view data as a product.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Library science; Information scienceClassification: 0399: Library science; 0723: Information scienceIdentifier / keyword: Communication and the arts Big data Big science Data curation Data management Digital libraries Knowledge infrastructuresNumber of pages: 323Publication year: 2017Degree date: 2017School code: 0031Source: DAI-A 78/12(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780355070361Advisor: Borgman, Christine L.Committee member: Furner, Jonathan; Lynch, Beverly P.; Traweek, SharonUniversity/institution: University of California, Los AngelesDepartment: Information Studies 045AUniversity location: United States -- California

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Degree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 10600682ProQuest document ID: 1929528882Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1929528882?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalPlastics! Histories, Theories and Practices to Rethink the Concept of the 'Plastic,' between Plasticity and PlasticismAuthor: Bovino, Emily VerlaPublication info: University of California, San Diego, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10283740.ProQuest document linkAbstract:The dissertation studies experiments with the concept of the ‘plastic’ across art history, art practice, and artist writings, and attends to intersections in the way the concept has been used across the arts, philosophy, neuroscience, and evolutionary biology. Typically understood as a designation for sculpture and three-dimensionality, as the capacity to shape or mold, to change, or to purify in a contrast of opposites, the ‘plastic,’ as well as its root terms (Greek, plastikós and plássein ) and its derivatives (‘plasticity’ and ‘plasticism’) have a history of an abundance of uses revelatory of epochal shifts in human perception and in the ways bodies and objects interact.In addition to providing a rigorous survey of the ‘plastic,’ the dissertation presents its own theory of the concept, combining historical writing and philosophical inquiry with art practice, digital humanities projects, and fellowship-supported research in human deep history with the Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA). The dissertation practices being ‘plastic’ while being about the ‘plastic.’In Part One, writing moves from often-cited art historical references like artist-writer Piet Mondrian’s essays on “neo-plasticism” (1918-20), to lesser-known theories like those elaborated in a dialogue on “plasticity” (1962-63) between artists Hollis Frampton and Carl Andre. It discusses the ‘plastic’ in evolutionary biology, emphasizing important distinctions between ecological plasticity in niche construction and neuro-plasticity in the brain sciences, and explores similar distinctions in the work of post-conceptual artists who have experimented with the “plastic” in their projects. In Part Two, a digital humanities tutorial in environmental psychology and urban design (PERP) demonstrates the ‘plastic’ at work in the traffic roundabout, with a focus on the roundabout as the principle site of Arab Spring protests.Part Three concludes with the digital humanities core of the dissertation, RK-LOG, a serialized audio-drama of art historical ethno-fiction on ‘plastic’ perception in minimalist Donald Judd’s The Chinati Foundation/La Fundación Chinati (1981-86). Dissertation readers experience plastic thresholds by listening to the RK-LOG audio-drama online, or in a road-trip itinerary of the Presidio-Chihuahua borderlands. RK-LOG puts theories of the ‘plastic’ into practice, and in practice, re-conceptualizes the ‘plastic.’Philosopher Catherine Malabou claims that, “in art, (…) connotations of the term “plasticity” are always positive.” The dissertation confirms this generalization but questions Malabou’s assertion that “when it comes to the possibility of explosion, the annihilation of equilibrium, (…) no one calls it “plasticity” anymore.” It responds to critiques of the “neuro-turn” in the humanities and suggests the next move in thinking about interactions among bodies, space and time is integrated art history and artistic research on the concept of the ‘plastic’ between ‘plasticity’ and ‘plasticism.’Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Art Criticism; Art history; PhilosophyClassification: 0365: Art Criticism; 0377: Art history; 0422: PhilosophyIdentifier / keyword: Philosophy, religion and theology Communication and the arts Art history Art practice Art theory Ethnographic fiction Plasticity Urbanism

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Number of pages: 1278Publication year: 2017Degree date: 2017School code: 0033Source: DAI-A 78/12(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780355063738Advisor: Greenstein, Jack M. Nodelman, SheldonCommittee member: Bryson, Norman; Dominguez, Riccardo; Jules-Rosette, Bennetta; Tronzo, WilliamUniversity/institution: University of California, San DiegoDepartment: Visual ArtsUniversity location: United States -- CaliforniaDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 10283740ProQuest document ID: 1928916987Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1928916987?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalVegetal Life From Bacon to Milton: Incarnate ScienceAuthor: O'Connell, Caryn MaureenPublication info: The University of Chicago, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10280772.ProQuest document linkAbstract:This dissertation brings to light a range of seventeenth-century British writers who energetically take up some of the least perceptible natural phenomena in order to establish a fresh conception of what we call the biological. When Thomas Browne, Henry Vaughan, and John Milton set out to represent a hawthorn’s growth in space or the distribution of nutrients in a human, they do so in order to challenge long-standing ideas of vegetative life as deficient in nature because lacking in sensation and reason. They do so, moreover, at a moment in which life was conceptually up for grabs, in a century crowded with competing physical and metaphysical systems. What they develop is not another rival system for describing life but, rather, a new means for rendering that radically mundane object appreciable. At the same time, they produce a wholly original impression of the domain of natural science—of who and what can be said to practice science and to possess it; and of where, in the world of natural bodies, knowledge of nature can hail from. At the heart of the rise of objectivity, this dissertation unearths a model of inquiry grounded on an idea of embodied knowledge that, counterintuitively for modern thought, vegetal life exemplifies. Contrary to prevailing accounts of the new science, it further suggests that such inquiry takes shape not in spite of but because of the legacy of Francis Bacon.The project is in four chapters and draws from an archive of literary, scientific, philosophical, theological, and technical materials. Focusing on Bacon’s Sylva Sylvarum, Browne’s The Garden of Cyrus, Vaughan’s Silex Scintillans and medical translations, and Milton’s Paradise Lost, it tracks the intertwining arcs and arts of vegetal life and a Baconian intimate science, showing how the former demands the latter just as the latter makes the former visible as an object.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Science history; British and Irish literatureClassification: 0585: Science history; 0593: British and Irish literatureIdentifier / keyword: Language, literature and linguistics Social sciences Bacon, Francis Browne, Thomas Milton, John Vaughan, HenryNumber of pages: 241Publication year: 2017

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Degree date: 2017School code: 0330Source: DAI-A 78/12(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780355078985Advisor: Cormack, Bradin Scodel, JoshuaCommittee member: Strier, RichardUniversity/institution: The University of ChicagoDepartment: English Language and LiteratureUniversity location: United States -- IllinoisDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 10280772ProQuest document ID: 1928541877Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1928541877?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalArguments in big social data analysis: uncovering the hidden rhetoric of sociological data scienceAuthor: Lanius, Candice L.Publication info: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2017. 10268877.ProQuest document linkAbstract:Big social data analysts use data collected from information-communication technologies and process that data for insights into human behavior. In this dissertation, the IEEE/ACM international conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM) community was studied using rhetorical analysis, an exploratory survey, and participant observation to understand the interpretive moments embedded in the big social data analyst’s research. To process big social data for insights, the analyst poses a research question and follows a research design to create an argument for the veracity of their results. The research projects as arguments were charted using Toulmin’s argumentation framework, and the arguments were evaluated using the various field-dependent evaluation standards present in the ASONAM community. My research revealed that the values of computer science, behavioral science, and mathematics are implemented unequally, revealing a community preference for building viable analytic technologies rather than producing valid sociological results. Using Kuhn’s idea of the scientific paradigm, the relationship between various values from divergent epistemic communities are explored as they appear in the conference proceedings. The rhetorical concepts of agency, audience, exigency, genre, and invention are explored in relation to how the analysts in the ASONAM community design and implement their research objectives as a communication strategy. While the analysts buy into the conviction that “data speaks for itself,” this dissertation reveals how and when the analyst makes interpretive decisions that constrain and shape the final possibilities for results. The work concludes with recommendations for peer-review questions that recognize the role of interpretation in big social data research and rebalance the importance of fidelity to the original problem being addressed with the need to create analytical technologies that are efficient and productive.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: Communication; Behavioral Sciences; RhetoricClassification: 0459: Communication; 0602: Behavioral Sciences; 0681: RhetoricIdentifier / keyword: Language, literature and linguistics Communication and the arts Psychology Argumentation theory Big data Research design Rhetoric Social media WarrantNumber of pages: 272Publication year: 2017

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Degree date: 2017School code: 0185Source: DAI-A 78/12(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9780355077384Advisor: Haskins, EkaterinaCommittee member: Berman, Francine; Deery, June; Fortun, Michael; Grice, RogerUniversity/institution: Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteDepartment: Communication and RhetoricUniversity location: United States -- New YorkDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 10268877ProQuest document ID: 1927941948Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1927941948?accountid=14709Copyright: Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works.Database: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses GlobalA Modern Mecca of Psychic Forces: The Psychical Science Congress and the Culture of Progresive Occultism in Fin-de-Siecle Chicago, 1885-1900Author: Andrick, John MichaelPublication info: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2016. 10609544.ProQuest document linkAbstract:The Psychical Science Congress (PSC), held from August 21–25, 1893, was a division of the Science and Philosophy congresses of the World’s Congress Auxiliary held in conjunction with Chicago’s World Columbian Exposition. The first international congress devoted solely to psychical research, the PSC was initially conceived by John Curtis Bundy, editor of Chicago’s progressive spiritualist newspaper, the Religio-Philosophical Journal (R-PJ). Upon Bundy’s death in August 1892, organizational matters fell to Elliott Coues, an internationally famous natural scientist who became chairman of the PSC. The Congress drew into its fold a number of well-known figures of the fin de siècle including: Richard Hodgson and Frederic W. H. Myers of the London Society for Psychical Research; Benjamin Franklin Underwood, a noted freethinker who assumed editorship of the R-PJ following John Bundy’s death and who established it as the official organ of the PSC; Frances Willard, the internationally acclaimed head of the Women’ Christian Temperance Union and America’s most beloved woman leader; Lyman J. Gage, a corporate officer of the Columbian Exposition, president of Chicago’s First National Bank, and spiritualist who hosted séances in his Chicago home; and Lilian Whiting, a noted journalist and New Thought advocate whose uplifting address regarding the spiritual future to come was delivered on the final day of the PSC by her close friend, the actress Kate Field. These and other notable figures with interests in the occult who presented papers at the Psychical Science Congress drew large audiences in the Halls of Columbus and Washington at the Memorial Art Palace (now the Art Institute Building), making the Congress one of the most popular of all held under the auspices of World’s Congress Auxiliary.In the decade from the mid-1880s to the mid-1890s Chicago was a center for American occult activity, boasting a number of spiritualist and theosophical organizations along with its own independent psychical research society, the Western Society for Psychical Research (WSPR). Organized in the summer of 1885, the WSPR was the largest urban psychical research society outside of Boston and its officers and membership provided the corps of organizational leadership which would form the local Arrangements Committee for the Psychical Science Congress. Though modeled after the London SPR, the Western Society for Psychical Research could not match the London group’s scientific standards and it practiced a ‘wilder’ variety of psychical research which betrayed its spiritualist leanings. As with the case of the

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American SPR which expired in 1889, becoming a branch of the London organization, the WSPR expired in 1890, ceasing all investigations of psychical and spiritual phenomena.The Psychical Science Congress, along with the Theosophical Congress, held from September 15–17, 1893 as a divisional congress of the World’s Parliament of Religions, elevated the public’s awareness of spiritualism, psychical research, and theosophy as elements of a progressive occultism which promised not only to heighten mankind’s spiritual and moral development but to accelerate societal reforms which would improve the human condition. As a profound evolutionary force, progressive occultism promised knowledge and understanding of hidden realities and the heightening of individual mental powers—telepathy, clairvoyance, astral travel, and spirit communication among other supernormal and supernatural psychical abilities. But Chicago’s status as a world center for generating psychical forces and drawing leaders of occult doctrines to its environs was short-lived and the promises of progressive occultism were soon appropriated by New Thought commercial hucksters whose primary concern was money-making. The discoveries of the spiritual unknown which psychical science hoped to deliver remained disappointing as the forays into spiritualism and psychical research in Chicago from 1885–1895 appeared to be another variety of the ‘romantic revival’ in which romance, adventure, and philosophical speculation seemed more attractive than the difficult and time-consuming efforts of serious scientific investigation into an occluded unknown. The hope of the Chicago organizers of the PSC that psychical science would take its place among the newly forming social sciences of the late-nineteenth century failed to materialize. However, certain philosophical notions regarding the centrality of spirituality as a central element of reform survived throughout the Progressive Era.Links:Check Article Availability

Subject: American history; Science historyClassification: 0337: American history; 0585: Science historyIdentifier / keyword: Social sciences Progressive occultism Psychical science congressNumber of pages: 374Publication year: 2016Degree date: 2016School code: 0090Source: DAI-A 78/12(E), Dissertation Abstracts InternationalPlace of publication: Ann ArborCountry of publication: United StatesISBN: 9781369827507Advisor: Micale, Mark S.Committee member: Burkhardt, Richard W.; Oberdeck, Kathryn J.; Sommer, AndreasUniversity/institution: University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignDepartment: HistoryUniversity location: United States -- IllinoisDegree: Ph.D.Source type: Dissertations & ThesesLanguage: EnglishDocument type: Dissertation/ThesisDissertation/thesis number: 10609544ProQuest document ID: 1936368039Document URL: http://pitt.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1936368039?accountid=14709

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hssonline.org … · Web viewOrthographic effects in spoken word recognition and phonological effects in visual word recognition have been observed in a variety of behavioral experimental