Chapter 2Founding the Colonies

Mediterranean is center for long distance trade ►

Europe recovering from the Black Death ►

Northern Europe experiences commercial growth►

Late 1300’s

1370’s to the early

1600’s

Late 1400’s to

early 1500’s

Spain captures Granada►

Columbus sails to America►

Spain starts conquering the New World►

Chapter 3

Colonial Economic Activities

Navigation Act of 1651 dealt its Dutch-dominated industry a crippling blow, but the shipbuilding industry in New York again grew rapidly after 1720.

Around 1695, the second of the great southern staples was introduced ►

In 1697, 51 manufacturing handicrafts►

Before 1700, whalers operated near the New England coast►

By 1700, the New England fleet exceeded 2,000 exclusive of fishing boats►

1492

1500’s

By the early 1700s, rice was an established crop in the area around Charleston►

In 1732, plans for the last British colony to be settled in North America were being made►

In

1732, King George II►

In 1751, by midcentury, slavery was legalized, and slaves began pouring into Georgia, which was converted to a Crown colony. By 1770, 45 percent of the population was black. Because there was more work to do.

In 1770, a fair-size gristmill would grind 100 bushels of grain per day►

Chapter 4The Economic Relations of the Colonies1642-1649 The English Civil War ►

.

1651 1660 1663 Navigation Acts►

3.  

1700 Pre-colony money►

1751 The Currency Act►

1764 The Currency Act►

1769-1772 Exports imports►

1776 Population growth►

CHAPTER 5ECONOMIC PROGRESS AND WEALTHBecause of high levels of migration and rapid population growth, total output grew at high rates. Standard of living grew at high rates by contemporary standards.

Impact of the Horse in Native American ►

Tobacco in the Upper South ►

Tobacco Prices ►

Tobacco Demands ►

Grain and Livestock ►

1601

1620dithe

1630

1670

1700

Transportation and Distribution ►

Europe recovering from the Black Death England went from 3.7 million in 1348 to 2.2 million in 1370’s, France lost almost 40% of its population, most places lost between 30 & 50%. There were many outbreaks from the 1300’s on ward of the bubonic plague. During the Elizabethan Era, the Black Death or bubonic plague hit England especially hard in 1563, 1593, 1603 and1608– about 30-50% of Europe’s population died in 2 years from the 1603 attack!

1770

1370’s to the early 1600’s

Northern Europe experiences commercial growth Having recovered from the plague, Europe started to experience economic growth as well as population growth. European nations started to compete for commercial, political and military growth. Expansion through Europe and other nations was a key component to this growth.

Spain captures Granada In 1492, Christian Spain captured Granada from the Moors and ended 7 centuries of Muslim rule in the area.

Columbus sails to AmericaChristopher Columbus, under the employ of Spain, sailed across the Atlantic Ocean believing there were no more than 2,500 miles between the Canary Islands and Japan. Instead of finding Japan, Columbus landed in the Bahamas on the island of San Salvador.

Late 1400’s to early 1500’s

1492

Spain starts conquering the New World In 1521 Hernando Cortez and his conquistadors conquered Mexico and, shortly thereafter, silver and gold flowed into Spain from America in increasing quantities. No other country had as yet established a single permanent settlement in the New World and although Spain was a colonizer, Spanish attempts to settle in the Americas weren’t extremely successful. Spain’s interests were treasures from the mines in America, especially silver and to spread Christianity to the conquered.

Chapter 3

Colonial Economic Activities

Navigation Act of 1651 dealt its Dutch-dominated industry a crippling blow, but the shipbuilding industry in New York again grew rapidly after 1720.

Around 1695, the second of the great southern staples was introduced

Early Virginia colonists had experimented with rice production, and South Carolina had tried to cultivate the staple in the first two years after settlement, but success awaited the introduction of new varieties of the grain.

In 1697, 51 manufacturing handicrafts

In addition to the building trades, were represented in

1500s

Philadelphia. It shows great variety of skills.

Before 1700, whalers operated near the New England coast

But their take was small. During the eighteenth century, however, whalers ranged far and wide, and by 1775, more than 300 vessels of all sizes sailed from the Massachusetts ports, of which Nantucket was the great whaling center.

By 1700, the New England fleet exceeded 2,000 exclusive of fishing boats

It’s one of the reasons England wanted to settle in New word because it has materi

By the early 1700s, rice was an established crop in the area around Charleston

Although problems of irrigation remained.

In 1732, plans for the last British colony to be settled in North America were being made

It’s the beginning of America.

In 1732, King George II

Obligingly King George II granted Dr. Bray and his associates the land between the Savannah and Altamaha Rivers; the original tract included considerably less territory than that occupied by the modern state of Georgia.

In 1751, by midcentury, slavery was legalized, and slaves began pouring into Georgia, which was hwork to do.

In 1770, a fair-size gristmill would grind 100 bushels of grain per day

The largest mills, with several pairs of stones, might convert 75,000 bushels of wheat into flour annually. It’s a large number showing how good their development is.

Chapter 4The Economic Relations of the Colonies

The English Civil War

The war started in the 1642 and ended in1649. This war was a series of armed conflicts and political disagreements between Parliamentarians and Royalists in England over principally, the manner of its government. This took the attention off the colonies and made parliament focus on the main land.

Navigation ActsDue to the fact that England was in a civil war they forgot about the colonies to solve their problems on the home front. With England focusing on their civil war it allowed the Dutch to open trading routes

to the colonies. Once the civil war was over, in 1651 Parliament passed the first part of the Navigation acts which prohibiting the shipping of American products in Dutch vessels. 

1642-1649

1651 1660 1663

Navigation acts were reinforced and redefined in the 1660 and 1663 by Parliament. This made the requirements for commercial shipping very strict due to the increased regulations. These acts were modified from time to time by mutilpul of policy changes, and can be classified into three categories. 

1. All trade of the colonies was to be carried in vessels that were English built and owned, commanded by an English captain, and manned by a crew of whom three quarters were English.

2. All foreign merchants were excluded from dealing directly in the commerce of the English colonies. They could engage in colonial trade only through England and merchants resident there.

3. Certain commodities produced in the colonies could be exported only to England.   Pre-colony moneyThe colonies lacked a money system which would later lead to the Currency Acts. Prior to the Currency Act the colonist would use commodities as money, this was a problem because Commodity spoilage rates were high, Controlling the quality of payments made with commodities, it was an Inconvenience, High storage costs of commodities and Portability. In order to prevent these problems the colonist adopted a make shift money system. The most popular of this make shift money system was the Spanish Reales. This was because the Spanish heled the worlds market in gold and was worth the most of what they had.

They used gold and silver coins Spanish Reales “Pieces of Eight” - ½ coinage in circulation.

1700

They also used a Pine Tree Shilling - 1st coin minted in British North America 

Along with those coins they used Promissory Notes, Bills of Exchange, Bills of Credit issued by colonial government and bills of exchange and bills of credit typically had a market value that was less than their face value.

They also use the wampum as money until the late 18th century. This was also a good currency with the Indians.

. 

The Currency Act This was passed in response to English merchants’ concerns about the fluctuating value of colonial money. The purpose was to limit Bills of Credit to 2 years life in attempt to limit problem of over-issuance. It also made bills to only used for payment of debts and taxes. These bills where on limited to the New England colonies.

The Currency Act Parliament passed this bill to extend the provisions  of the 1751 which gave parliament  exclusive power over the American money supply and gradually eliminated Bills of Credits. This was highly supported by the merchants because it gave the colonies a money system.

Exports imports The American colonies had a great ability to produce certain products that England couldn’t produce and since the colonies couldn't refined raw products into a finished product they export about

80% of the raw product to England. This chart shows the top exports from the colonies to England. Chart from the book.

Since the colonies couldn’t turn there raw product into manufactured products they had to import 80% most of what the export. Since Navigation Acts required the colonies to only ship with England ship and us their routes this map shows the trade between the Colonies and England.

1751

1764

1769-1772

Population growth Due to the fact that the colonies would where big into exporting and importing the started to expand, due to appealing attractions that the colonies showed. The costal cities were the ones to grow the fastest, these cities play a key parts in the colonies success and growing into an independent nation.

Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) = 40,000 Middle

New York (New York) = 25,000 Upper Middle

Boston (Massachusetts) = 16,000 North

Charleston (South Carolina) = 12,000 Southern

Newport (Rhode Island)  = 11,000 Northern  

CHAPTER 5ECONOMIC PROGRESS AND WEALTHBecause of high levels of migration and rapid population growth, total output grew at high rates. Standard of living grew at high rates by contemporary standards.

Impact of the Horse in Native American

Introduced by the Spanish, imposed dramatic changes on the daily lives of American Indian. Before the horse they were living much of the year in communal earthen lodges. A good day’s journey was about 5 miles for a group of hunters. That 5 miles turn into 20

1776

miles. They were now much more mobile and able to chase food. Therefore, they used smaller and more independent hunting groups and focused less on agriculture.

Tobacco in the Upper South Information on tobacco prices in the Chesapeake Bay area as shown on the graph suggests that most of the increases in the productivity of tobacco occurred early in the colonial period. Between 20d. and 30d. sterling per pound in the 1620.

Tobacco Prices Tobacco prices fell to less that 3d. per pound. Second phase, lasted four decades, followed that precipitous declined; the average price decrease to about a penny per pound.

Tobacco Demands Tobacco output for workers doubled. High demands from Europe was growing, and the cost of the labor and land required to produce tobacco did not decrease over the years.

Grain and Livestock Grain and Livestock in the Middle Colonies gains in productivity as well as tobacco, appear to have been modest, indeed low in the eighteen century. Pennsylvania farms was in declined; farm land size from 500 acres to 140 acres at the end of the century.

Transportation and Distribution In the early 1700’s English good sold for as much as 80-140% more England

Ocean ship cost fell between 1670 and 1770; and the key for economic expansion was smaller crew, lower armaments, low insurance cost and shorter time in ports is the source of productivity gains.

CHAPTER 6Three Crises and Revolt

1620

1630

1670

1700

1770 in the colonies that in England primarily due to high transportation costs of shipping finished goods from

1699

Duplication production law- made it illegal to export colonial wool, wool yarn and finished wool products to any foreign country or to other colonies.

Molasses act- imposed a tax per gallon on imports of molasses from non-

British colonies.

Conclusion of seven years’ war- English became victorious over the French in the defense of the American colonies.

Sugar act- this act cut halved the previous tax on molasses, but further enforced, was believed to generate larger revenue.

Stamp act- imposed a direct tax to American colonies, and required that printed materials must be produced on stamped paper.

Stamp act congress met- congress passed resolutions of fealty, and organized a boycott of English goods; also established “nonimportation associations” in the colonies.

Declaratory act- repealed the stamp act, and affirmed the right of parliament to legislate in all matter concerning the Americans

Quartering act- required colonists to provide barracks, some provisions, and part of the costs of military transport for British troops within the colonies.

Town shed acts- replaced the stamp act, idea that the colonists would accept this tax because it wasn’t a direct tax.

Boston massacre- American colonists surrounded British soldiers and began to taunt them; British soldiers killed five male civilians and injured six others.

Tea Act- allowed the East India Company to ship tea directly to the colonies; this also undercut the smugglers of Dutch tea.

1765

1763

1766

1770

1773

Boston tea party- American colonists threw a whole shipment of tea into the harbor in protest of the tea act.

Intolerable acts- closed the port of Boston to all shipping until the colonists paid the East India company for its tea; permitted British officials charged with crimes committed in an American colony while enforcing British laws to be tried in another colony or in Britain; revised the charter of Massachusetts to make certain cherished rights dependent on the arbitrary decision of the Crown-appointed governor; provided for the quartering of troops in the city of Boston.

Continental Congress provided list of grievances- 1) taxes had been imposed upon the colonies by the British parliament. 2) Parliament had claimed the right to legislate for the colonies 3) commissioners was set up in the colonies to collect taxes 4) admiralty court jurisdictions had been extended into the interior. 5) Judges’ tenures had been put at the pleasure of the crown. 6) A standing harm had been imposed upon the colonies. 7) Persons could be transported out of the colonies for trials. 8) The port of Boston had been closed. 9) Martial law had been imposed upon Boston. 10) The Quebec Act had confiscated the colonists’ western lands.

1773

1774