Unsustainable Methods: Mining methods e.g large open cast mines Ore processing – requires huge energy inputs and produces large volumes of wasteConsequences: Land Disturbance Subsidence Water Pollution Acid Mine Drainage Dust and Noise Pollution Habitat Loss Larger energy inputsMethods to increase sustainability: Benefaction – the upgrading of a resource that was previously considered to be too costly to

extract. Relieves pressure on other resources Quotas – Reduces the extraction and over use of limited resources Landscaping Water sprays Baffle Mounds Leachate Collection Acid Neutralisation Timing – blasting and transporting resources in daylight hours Development of new technologies e.g gravity and seismic surveys to accurately detect

resources

Unsustainable Uses: Resource wastage Unnecessary use Over consumptionConsequences: Resource depletion Increase in cost Search for resources in new, undisturbed areas Deeper mines Lower grade oresMethods to increase sustainability: Substitution e.g replacing lead for graphite in pencils or tungsten for LEDs in lightbulbs Maximisation – the use of a variety of methods to avoid waste and increase production of a

resource Recycling- If organised efficiently, it can reduce the demand on fresh deposits of resources.

New technologies have also made it possible to recovery waste Rationing- Last resort management strategy but could become a reality in future if

consumption remains at the current rate e.g the Second World War