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Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 13e (Robbins/Judge)Chapter 1 What Is Organizational Behavior?

1) What are the three primary determinants of behavior in organizations? A) profit structure, organizational complexity, and job satisfaction B) individuals, profit structure, and job satisfaction C) individuals, groups, and job satisfaction D) groups, structure, and profit structure E) individuals, groups, and structure Answer: EExplanation: E) OB investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.1 Demonstrate the importance of interpersonal skills in the workplace.

2) Which of the following is not a core topic of organizational behavior? A) motivation B) attitude development C) conflict D) resource allocation E) work design Answer: DExplanation: D) OB includes the core topics of motivation, leader behavior and power, interpersonal communication, group structure and processes, personality, emotions, and values, attitude development and perception, change processes, conflict and negotiation, and work design. It does not include resource allocation. Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.1 Demonstrate the importance of interpersonal skills in the workplace.

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3) Until the late 1980s, business school curricula emphasized the ________ aspects of management.A) ethicalB) peopleC) technicalD) humanE) globalAnswer: CExplanation: C) Until the late 1980s, business school curricula emphasized the technical aspects of management, focusing on economics, accounting, finance, and quantitative techniques. Course work in human behavior and people skills received relatively less attention. Over the past three decades, however, business faculty have come to realize the role that understanding human behavior plays in determining a manager's effectiveness, and required courses on people skills have been added to many curricula.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.1 Demonstrate the importance of interpersonal skills in the workplace.

4) Which of the following is not a reason why business schools have begun to include classes on organizational behavior? A) to increase manager effectiveness in organizationsB) to help organizations attract top quality employeesC) to expand organizations' consulting needsD) to improve retention of quality workersE) to help increase organizations' profitsAnswer: CExplanation: C) Understanding human behavior plays an important role in determining a manager's effectiveness. Developing managers' interpersonal skills helps organizations attract and keep high-performing employees. Positive social relationships are associated with lower stress at work and lower turnover. Finally, companies with reputations as good places to work have been found to generate superior financial performance. Expanding a company's consulting needs is not a positive reason to teach organizational behavior.Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.1 Demonstrate the importance of interpersonal skills in the workplace.



5) There is a connection between companies which have ________ and the incorporation of organizational behavior principles.A) high turnover ratesB) specialized technical processesC) superior financial performanceD) long-lasting CEO'sE) all of the aboveAnswer: CExplanation: C) Companies such as Amazon, Starbucks, Adobe Systems, Cisco, Whole Foods, Google, American Express, Amgen, Pfizer and Marriot all have incorporated the concepts of organizational behavior and attribute it to their ability to generate high financial outcomes. Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.1 Demonstrate the importance of interpersonal skills in the workplace.

6) ________ is the study of the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations.A) LeadershipB) Organizational strategyC) Performance managementD) Employee relationsE) Organizational behaviorAnswer: EExplanation: E) Organizational behavior is the field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization's effectiveness.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.1 Demonstrate the importance of interpersonal skills in the workplace.



7) Which of the following is not a topic or concern related to OB?A) turnoverB) leader behaviorC) productivityD) managementE) family behaviorAnswer: EExplanation: E) OB is concerned specifically with employment-related situations such as jobs, work, absenteeism, employment turnover, productivity, human performance, and management. OB includes the core topics of motivation, leader behavior and power, interpersonal communication, group structure and processes, personality, emotions, values, attitude development, perception, change processes, conflict and negotiation, and work design. Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.1 Demonstrate the importance of interpersonal skills in the workplace.

8) Over the last three decades, business school curricula has focused more on the technical aspects of management such as economics, accounting, finance, and quantitative techniques, and less on subjects related to human behavior and people skills.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Until the late 1980s, business school curricula emphasized the technical aspects of management, focusing on economics, accounting, finance, and quantitative techniques. Over the past three decades, however, business faculty have come to realize the role that understanding human behavior plays in determining a manager's effectiveness, and required courses on people skills have been added to many curricula. Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.1 Demonstrate the importance of interpersonal skills in the workplace.



9) In order to predict human behavior, it is best to supplement your intuitive opinions with information derived in what fashion? A) common sense B) direct observation C) systematic study D) speculation E) organizational theory Answer: CExplanation: C) To make good OB decisions it is important to use evidence to supplement intuition and experience. Evidence should come through systematic study, which involves looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence, that is, on data gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.2 Define organizational behavior (OB).

10) Betty believes that it is best to take the casual or common sense approach to reading others. She needs to remember that ________.A) the casual approach is nonsensical, and should be avoided as much as possibleB) the systematic approach and the casual approach are one and the sameC) laboratory experiments on human behavior often result in unreliable findingsD) the casual or common sense approach to reading others can often lead to erroneous predictionsE) behavior is unpredictable, hence there is no accurate way to analyze itAnswer: DExplanation: D) Unfortunately, the casual or common sense approach to reading others can often lead to erroneous predictions. However, you can improve your predictive ability by supplementing intuition with a more systematic approach.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ApplicationLO: 1.2 Define organizational behavior (OB).



11) Which of the following explains the usefulness of the systematic approach to the study of organizational behavior?A) Human behavior does not vary a great deal between individuals and situations.B) Human behavior is not random.C) Human behavior is not consistent.D) Human behavior is rarely predictable.E) Human behavior is often not sensible.Answer: BExplanation: B) Underlying the systematic approach to the study of organizational behavior is the belief that behavior is not random. Rather, we can identify fundamental consistencies underlying the behavior of all individuals and modify them to reflect individual differences. Behavior is generally predictable, and the systematic study of behavior is a means to making reasonably accurate predictions. Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.2 Define organizational behavior (OB).

12) Basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific support is called ________. A) intuitionB) organizational processC) organizational behavior D) evidence-based managementE) conceptual management Answer: DExplanation: D) Evidence-based management (EBM) complements systematic study (which includes looking at relationships, not merely studying scientific evidence), by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.2 Define organizational behavior (OB).

13) Organizational behavior is a field of study that helps in measuring, understanding, and changing attitudes; identifying communication patterns; and building trust. It has made important contributions to the study of group behavior, power, and conflict.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization's effectiveness.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.2 Define organizational behavior (OB).



14) Behavior is generally unpredictable, and the systematic study of behavior is a means to making reasonably accurate predictions.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Behavior is generally predictable, and the systematic study of behavior is a means to making reasonably accurate predictions.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.2 Define organizational behavior (OB).

15) Organizational behavior is essentially the study of "people skills".Answer: FALSEExplanation: Organizational behavior is the study of what people do in an organization and how their behavior affects the organization's performance.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.2 Define organizational behavior (OB).

16) Describe how one of the sciences that contributes to organizational behavior could be used in EBM. Define the science, some of the science's contributions to OB, and describe a workplace example of how it could be used in EBM. Answer: Evidence-based management (EBM) complements systematic study by basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence. Doctors need to make decisions about patient care based on the latest available evidence, and EBM argues that managers should do the same, becoming more scientific in how they think about management problems. For example, a manager that is struggling with high turnover in his company could look toward social psychology to help solve the problem. Social psychology, generally considered a branch of psychology, blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on people's influence on one another. One major study area is change, how to implement it and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance. A manager could look at a social psychology study on job satisfaction to determine what changes he might make to be able to better retain employees. Diff: 3AACSB: Reflective thinkingQuest. Category: SynthesisLO: 1.2 Define organizational behavior (OB).



17) Which of the following problems would an OB study be least likely to focus on?A) an increase in absenteeism at a certain company B) a fall in productivity in one shift of a manufacturing plant C) a decrease in sales due to growing foreign competition D) an increase in theft by employees at a retail store E) excessive turnover among volunteer workers at a non-profit organization Answer: CExplanation: C) OB is concerned specifically with employment-related situations such as jobs, work, absenteeism, employment turnover, productivity, human performance, and management. A study of foreign competition would not be part of an OB research project.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ApplicationLO: 1.3 Show the value to OB of systematic study.

18) "Big data" has been recently applied to making effective decisions and ________.A) managing human resourcesB) creation of surveysC) decreasing online salesD) marketing campaignsE) none of the aboveAnswer: AExplanation: A) Historically used in marketing and statistical compilation, big data is now being used within the development of human resources, particularly in relation to behavior tendencies.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.3 Show the value to OB of systematic study.

19) Analyzing relationships, determining causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence all constitute aspects of ________ study. A) organizational B) intuitive C) theoretical D) systematic E) case-based Answer: DExplanation: D) Systematic study means looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing our conclusions on scientific evidence, that is, on data gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.3 Show the value to OB of systematic study.



20) Janet needs to assign a very important advertising account to one of her writers. First she reviewed each writer's work load, then she studied the sales data of the products for the last three campaigns of each writer, then she reviewed each writer's annual review to familiarize herself with their goals. Finally, she gave the account to Paula, a very creative, efficient, writer who has had high sales results with her last three clients' products. Janet's management style is based on ________. A) intuition or "gut feeling" B) organizational behavioral studies C) subjective assessmentsD) preconceived notions E) systematic studyAnswer: EExplanation: E) Systematic study means looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing our conclusions on scientific evidence, that is, on data gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ApplicationLO: 1.3 Show the value to OB of systematic study.

21) Austin is a graduate student helping to organize a study on individual job satisfaction. The study focuses on the top five causes of satisfaction or dissatisfaction on a job. His department is surveying 200 individuals in 100 different types of organizations. Austin is most likely a graduate student in the department of ________. A) psychology B) anthropology C) political science D) social psychology E) archaeology Answer: AExplanation: A) Because Austin's study focuses on the causes of job satisfaction, he is most likely conducting the study through the department of psychology. Psychology is defined as the science which seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans.Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ApplicationLO: 1.3 Show the value to OB of systematic study.

22) Intuition comes from "gut feelings" about the state of some phenomenon of interest.Answer: TRUEExplanation: Intuition is a gut feeling not necessarily supported by research. Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.3 Show the value to OB of systematic study.



23) Why is it important to complement intuition with systematic study in our attempts to understand behavior within organizations? Answer: It is important to complement intuition with systematic study in our attempts to understand behavior within organizations in order to help uncover important facts and relationships. This will provide a base from which more accurate predictions of behavior can be made. That is, we can improve our predictive ability by complementing intuitive opinions with a more systematic approach. Systematic study involves looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing conclusions on scientific evidence. This process helps us to explain and predict behavior. Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.3 Show the value to OB of systematic study.

24) Which behavioral science discipline is most focused on understanding individual behavior?A) sociologyB) social psychologyC) psychologyD) anthropologyE) organizational behaviorAnswer: CExplanation: C) Organizational behavior is an applied behavioral science built on contributions from a number of behavioral disciplines, mainly psychology and social psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Psychology's contributions have been mainly at the individual or micro level of analysis, while the other disciplines have contributed to our understanding of macro concepts such as group processes and organization. Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.

25) Organizational behavior is constructed from all of the following disciplines except ________. A) physics B) psychology C) anthropology D) sociology E) social psychology Answer: AExplanation: A) Organizational behavior is an applied behavioral science built on contributions from a number of behavioral disciplines, mainly psychology and social psychology, sociology, and anthropology. Physics does not form a part of OB studies.Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.



26) Psychology's major contributions to the field of organizational behavior have been primarily at what level of analysis? A) the level of the group B) the level of the individual C) the level of the organization D) the level of culture E) the level of interacting groups Answer: BExplanation: B) Psychology's contributions to the field of organizational behavior have been mainly at the individual or micro level of analysis, while the other disciplines have contributed to our understanding of macro concepts such as group processes and organization.Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.

27) ________ is a science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. A) Psychiatry B) Psychology C) Sociology D) Political science E) Organizational behavior Answer: BExplanation: B) Psychology is defined as the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals through study of the individual. Contributions include learning, perception, personality, emotions, training, leadership effectiveness, and more.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.



28) You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering. Which faculty member should furnish information about personality, learning, and motivation?A) sociology B) psychology C) anthropology D) political science E) industrial engineering Answer: BExplanation: B) Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. Psychology's focus on the individual has led to contributions in the areas of learning, personality, emotions, motivational forces, and more.Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ApplicationLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.

29) You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering. Which professor out of this group would you expect to address issues on communication? A) the psychologist B) the anthropologist C) the political scientist D) the social psychologist E) the industrial engineer Answer: DExplanation: D) Social psychology focuses on peoples' influence on one another. Social psychologists contribute to identifying communication patterns and more.Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ApplicationLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.



30) You are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new textbook in organizational behavior. Represented are professors from psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, political science, and industrial engineering. You should expect that the faculty member from ________ will probably contribute information about large-scale group behavior. A) sociology B) psychology C) social psychology D) anthropology E) industrial engineering Answer: AExplanation: A) Sociology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture. Sociologists have contributed to OB through their study of group behavior in organizations.Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ApplicationLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.

31) Group behavior, power, and conflict are central areas of study for ________. A) archaeologists B) philanthropistsC) anthropologists D) social psychologists E) operations analysts Answer: DExplanation: D) Social psychology, generally considered a branch of psychology, blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on peoples' influence on one another. This field has made important contributions to our study of group behavior, power, and conflict.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.



32) ________ blends concepts from psychology and sociology and focuses on the influence people have on one another. A) Corporate strategy B) Anthropology C) Political scienceD) Social psychology E) Archaeology Answer: DExplanation: D) Social psychology, generally considered a branch of psychology, blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on peoples' influence on one another. One major study area is change, how to implement it and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.

33) Jude is a social psychologist. He is working on a concept in social psychology, which is a major study area, and learning how to implement it and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance. Jude is studying the concept of ________.A) cultureB) ethicsC) powerD) changeE) fatigueAnswer: DExplanation: D) One major study area of social psychology is change–how to implement it and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance. Social psychologists also contribute to measuring, understanding, and changing attitudes; identifying communication patterns; and building trust.Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ApplicationLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.

34) ________ focuses on the study of people in relation to their social environment. A) Psychology B) Sociology C) Corporate strategy D) Political science E) Operations management Answer: BExplanation: B) Sociology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture. Sociologists have contributed to OB through their study of group behavior in organizations, particularly formal and complex organizations.Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.



35) Which field of study has contributed to OB through its research on organizational culture and formal organization theory and structure? A) psychology B) operations management C) corporate strategy D) political science E) sociology Answer: EExplanation: E) Perhaps most important to the field of sociology is the study of organizational culture, formal organization theory and structure, organizational technology, communications, power, and conflict, which all contribute widely to OB.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.

36) This field of study has helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior between people in different countries and within different organizations. A) anthropology B) corporate strategyC) political science D) operations research E) psycholinguistics Answer: AExplanation: A) Anthropology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. Anthropologists' work on cultures and environments has helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior between people in different countries and within different organizations.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.



37) Myriam is analyzing the gender roles of men and women in management in the United States and comparing them to the gender roles in management in Japan. She is surveying fifty male and fifty female managers in each country to compare their daily behavior. Myriam's study exemplifies how ________ contributes to OB. A) anthropology B) psychology C) archaeologyD) political science E) corporate strategy Answer: AExplanation: A) Myriam is an anthropologist. Much of our current understanding of organizational culture, organizational environments, and differences among national cultures is a result of the work of anthropologists or those using their methods.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ApplicationLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.

38) The science of ________ was developed by applying general concepts to a particular situation, person, or group.A) organizational behaviorB) anthropologyC) psychologyD) sociologyE) social psychologyAnswer: AExplanation: A) The science of OB has been developed by applying general concepts to a particular situation, person, or group, whereas, anthropology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities; psychology seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals; sociology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture; and social psychology focuses on peoples' influence on one another.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.



39) The subject of organizational culture has been most influenced by which behavioral science discipline?A) anthropologyB) psychologyC) social psychologyD) political scienceE) corporate strategyAnswer: AExplanation: A) Anthropology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. Much of our current understanding of organizational culture, organizational environments, and differences among national cultures is a result of the work of anthropologists or those using their methods.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.

40) Social psychology is an area within psychology, blending concepts from both psychology and socialism.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Social psychology, generally considered a branch of psychology, blends concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on peoples' influence on one another.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.

41) Conflict and power have been major topics of concern for social psychologists. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Social psychologists have made important contributions to our study of group behavior, power, and conflict.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.

42) What psychology is to the group, sociology is to the individual.Answer: FALSEExplanation: While psychology focuses on the individual, sociologists have contributed to OB through their study of group behavior in organizations, particularly formal and complex organizations.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.



43) Anthropology has helped us understand differences in values and attitudes between people in different countries. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Anthropology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. Anthropologists' work on cultures and environments has helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior between people in different countries and within different organizations.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.

44) How have the fields of psychology and sociology contributed to our understanding of organizational behavior? Answer: Psychology seeks to measure, explain, and change the behavior of humans. Contributions have been made by learning theorists, personality theorists, counseling psychologists, and industrial and organizational psychologists. Contributions have been made in learning, perception, personality, emotions, training, leadership effectiveness, needs and motivational forces, job satisfaction, decision-making processes, performance appraisals, attitude measurement, employee-selection techniques, work design, and job stress. Sociology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture. The greatest contributions by sociologists have been in the study of group behavior in organizations, organizational culture, formal organization theory and structure, organizational technology, communications, power, and conflict. Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.

45) Compare and contrast the fields of psychology, social psychology, and sociology. Answer: These fields all deal with the human condition. While psychology focuses on the individual, sociology studies people in relation to their social environment or culture. Social psychology blends concepts from both psychology and sociology, though it is generally considered a branch of psychology. It focuses on people's influence on one another. Thus, it could be said that social psychology falls between the extremes of the individual focus of psychology and the large group focus of sociology. Diff: 3AACSB: Reflective thinkingQuest. Category: SynthesisLO: 1.4 Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB.



46) Human beings are complex, and few, if any, simple and universal principles explain organizational behavior. Nevertheless, it does not mean that OB cannot offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior or make valid predictions. It does mean that OB concepts must ________.A) focus on the reliability and validity of research dataB) attempt to establish cause-and-effect relationshipsC) be consistently applicable across a wide range of situationsD) reflect situational, or contingency, conditionsE) avoid assumptionsAnswer: DExplanation: D) Human beings are complex, and few, if any, simple and universal principles explain organizational behavior. That doesn't mean that we can't offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior or make valid predictions. It does mean that OB concepts must reflect situational, or contingency, conditions. We can say x leads to y, but only under conditions specified in z–the contingency variables.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.5 Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB.

47) Munwar and Jackson both work as logistics supervisors at a successful restaurant management company. Recently, the manager for District G retired and both Munwar and Jackson have been approached about filling the position. While Munwar was excited about the possible promotion, Jackson was not interested in the position because it would require relocation and travel as well as the supervision of over 200 employees. Jackson's behavior can be explained by ________.A) sociologyB) big dataC) organizational behaviorD) contingency variablesE) interpersonal skillsAnswer: DExplanation: D) Different people are motivated by different things and the appeal of the new job is contingent on who is taking it. For Jackson, the increase of responsibility by conflict with his personal life or career motivations.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: Critical thinkingLO: 1.5 Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB.



48) Which of the following statements best describes contingency variables? A) They are scientific factors based on universal truths. B) They are factors that moderate the relationship between two or more events or situations.C) There is general consensus among OB researchers that they can be controlled. D) They are the cause-and-effect principles that tend to apply to all situations that have been discovered. E) They are simple and universal principles that explain organizational behavior.Answer: BExplanation: B) Contingency variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. For example, an OB study can say x leads to y, but only under conditions specified in z. Because humans are somewhat unpredictable, all OB studies must have contingency variables.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.5 Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB.

49) OB concepts must reflect contingency conditions for all of the following reasons except ________.A) human beings are complexB) our predictions and assumptions are almost accurate all the timeC) one person's behavior changes in different situationsD) we are limited in our ability to make sweeping generalizationsE) two people often act very differently in the same situationAnswer: BExplanation: B) Human beings are complex, and few, if any, simple and universal principles explain organizational behavior. Two people often act very differently in the same situation, and the same person's behavior changes in different situations. Because we are not alike, our ability to make simple, accurate, and sweeping generalizations is limited. Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.5 Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB.



50) Raymond is completing a study on discrimination in which he has noted that saleswomen who wear skirt suits make more sales than saleswomen who only wear pant suits. However, Raymond determined that his findings only pertained to those industries in which the purchasing decision maker is traditionally masculine. For example, the sales results were the same for all women selling to medical office managers, a female dominated field. Raymond used ________ variables to more accurately explain his results. A) global B) general C) dependent D) non-reactive E) contingency Answer: EExplanation: E) Contingency variables are variables that moderate the relationship between two or more variables. For example, an OB study can say x leads to y, but only under conditions specified in z. Because humans are somewhat unpredictable, all OB studies must have contingency variables. By limiting his results to only male-oriented industries, Raymond is able to make a generalization. Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ApplicationLO: 1.5 Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB.

51) Which of the following was the most significant change in the United States labor force during the last half of the twentieth century? A) substantial decreases in the number of workers who are under 55 B) increases in the percentage of United States citizens of Hispanic origin C) the increasing number of African-Americans at all levels within the workforce D) the steady increase in the percentage of employed malesE) the rapid increase in the number of female workersAnswer: EExplanation: E) The most significant change in the United States labor force during the last half of the twentieth century was the rapid increase in the number of female workers. In 1950, for instance, only 29.6 percent of the workforce was female. By 2008, it was 46.5 percent.Diff: 3AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environmentsQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.5 Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB.



52) Which of the following has not contributed to blurring the lines between employees' work life and personal life? A) the creation of global organizations B) communication technology allowing employees to work any time and from any place C) organizations asking employees to put in longer hours D) creation of flexible teams E) the increase in dual career households Answer: DExplanation: D) Work-life conflicts are created for the following reasons: first, the creation of global organizations means the world never sleeps; second, communication technology allows many technical and professional employees to do their work at home; third, organizations are asking employees to put in longer hours; finally, the rise of the dual-career couple makes it difficult for married employees to find time to fulfill commitments to home, spouse, children, parents, and friends.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.5 Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB.

53) Given the climate of "temporariness" in modern organizations, employees must ________. A) continually update their knowledge and skills B) be prepared to stay in the same position for longer periods of time C) have closer connections with their peers D) foster friendship within the work environment E) limit their mobility if they hope to compete Answer: AExplanation: A) Workers must continually update their knowledge and skills to perform new job requirements. Workplace predictability has been replaced by temporary work groups, with members from different departments, and the increased use of employee rotation to fill constantly changing work assignments. Therefore, employees must be able to cope with increasing knowledge demands.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.5 Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB.



54) OB researchers cannot offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior since people act very differently in similar situations. Answer: FALSEExplanation: Two people often act very differently in the same situation, and the same person's behavior changes in different situations. That doesn't mean that we can't offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior or make valid predictions. It does mean that OB concepts must reflect situational, or contingency, conditions. We can say x leads to y, but only under conditions specified in z–the contingency variables. Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.5 Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB.

55) OB draws from several research-based theories about how people behave in organizations and contains several straightforward cause-and-effect relationships.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Human beings are complex, and few, if any, simple and universal principles explain organizational behavior. As such, few straightforward cause-and-effect relationships exist in this discipline. Organizational behavior theories mirror the subject matter with which they deal, and people are complex and complicated.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.5 Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB.

56) What are "networked organizations"? Describe the role of the manager in such organizations.Answer: Networked organizations allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart. Independent contractors can telecommute via computer to workplaces around the globe and change employers as the demand for their services changes. Software programmers, graphic designers, systems analysts, technical writers, photo researchers, book and media editors, and medical transcribers are just a few examples of people who can work from home or other non-office locations. The manager's job is different in a networked organization. Motivating and leading people and making collaborative decisions online requires different techniques than when individuals are physically present in a single location. As more employees do their jobs by linking to others through networks, managers must develop new skills. OB can provide valuable insights to help with honing those skills.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.5 Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB.



57) Explain "workforce diversity." What key managerial skill do you think is most important when dealing with workforce diversity?Answer: Workforce diversity is a term used to describe how organizations are becoming more heterogeneous with regard to gender, race, and ethnicity. It also includes disabilities, sexual orientation, and age. Human skills are defined by the ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people and would be important to manage a diverse workforce because of the different individual variables that the manager would be working with. Diff: 3AACSB: Reflective thinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.5 Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB.

58) Most managers and employees today work in a climate best characterized as "temporary." Explain.Answer: Globalization, expanded capacity, and advances in technology have required organizations to be fast and flexible if they are to survive. The result is that most managers and employees today work in a climate best characterized as "temporary."Workers must continually update their knowledge and skills to perform new job requirements. In the past, employees were assigned to a specific work group, gaining a considerable amount of security working with the same people day in and day out. That predictability has been replaced by temporary work groups, with members from different departments, and the increased use of employee rotation to fill constantly changing work assignments. Finally, organizations themselves are in a state of flux. They continually reorganize their various divisions, sell off poorly performing businesses, downsize operations, subcontract noncritical services and operations to other organizations, and replace permanent employees with temporary workers. Today's managers and employees must learn to cope with temporariness, flexibility, spontaneity, and unpredictability. Diff: 3AACSB: Reflective thinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.5 Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB.



59) Explain why there are few absolutes in organizational behavior. Despite this, how are we able to make valid predictions?Answer: Human beings are complex, and few, if any, simple and universal principles explain organizational behavior. Because we are not alike, our ability to make simple, accurate, and sweeping generalizations is limited. Two people often act very differently in the same situation, and the same person's behavior changes in different situations. Not everyone is motivated by money, and people may behave differently at a religious service than they do at a party. However, we can offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior or make valid predictions, provided OB concepts reflect situational, or contingency, conditions. We can say x leads to y, but only under conditions specified in z—the contingency variables. For example, OB scholars would avoid stating that everyone likes complex and challenging work (the general concept) because not everyone wants a challenging job. Some people prefer routine over varied, or simple over complex. A job attractive to one person may not be to another; its appeal is contingent on the person who holds it.Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.5 Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB.

60) ________ is an effect of increasing globalization. A) More expensive consumer goodsB) An increase in manufacturing jobs in developed nationsC) An ever increasingly homogeneous workforce D) Shared economic values among all culturesE) Jobs moving to nations with low-cost laborAnswer: EExplanation: E) In a global economy, jobs tend to flow where lower costs give businesses a comparative advantage. Because of this consumer goods remain affordable, but manufacturing jobs flow to less developed nations and the workforce is increasingly diverse physically and psychologically.Diff: 3AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environmentsQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.



61) ________ is a measure of how organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity. A) Globalization B) Workforce diversity C) Affirmative action D) Organizational culture E) Operational homogeneity Answer: BExplanation: B) Workforce diversity acknowledges a workforce of women and men; many racial and ethnic groups; individuals with a variety of physical or psychological abilities; and people who differ in age and sexual orientation.Diff: 2AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environmentsQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

62) Which of the following would not be considered a service employee?A) Fast food counter workerB) Sales clerkC) Police officerD) Automobile repair technicianE) Financial plannerAnswer: CExplanation: C) Service employees are those who have considerable interaction with an organizations culture. Police officers are not serving a particular organization nor are those with whom they deal considered customers.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: Critical thinkingLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

63) As managers oversee the movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor, ________.A) they tend to ignore the home country needsB) they must deal with strong criticism from labor groupsC) they manage less diverse workforcesD) they avoid markets like China and other developing nationsE) they work themselves out of a jobAnswer: BExplanation: B) In a global economy, jobs tend to flow where lower costs give businesses a comparative advantage, though labor groups, politicians, and local community leaders see the exporting of jobs as undermining the job market at home. Managers face the difficult task of balancing the interests of their organization with their responsibilities to the communities in which they operate.Diff: 2AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environmentsQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.



64) Raul is a financial analyst who oversees the daily financial expenditures for a major big box retailer. On a typical day, Raul does not interact with other employees and only meets with his team on Monday afternoons; however, he typically has to run a report at 7:30 am and then a final report at 7:30 pm. Raul and his wife Emily have a 6 month old son and Emily will soon be returning to work thus requiring the couple to engage childcare. To enhance Raul's well-being at work, his manager could ________.A) reassign Raul to a position which requires less timeB) allow Raul to completely work from homeC) allow Raul to work from home four days a weekD) fire Raul E) None of these ideas would enhance Raul's well-being.Answer: CExplanation: C) While allowing Raul to work totally from home may seem attractive, this could cause problems within the workplace. By allowing Raul to work from home four days a week, he will still have a presence in the office but also be able to reduce his work and nonwork conflicts.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: Critical thinkingLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

65) Whereas ________ focuses on differences among people from different countries, ________ addresses differences among people within given countries.A) workforce diversity; globalizationB) globalization; workforce diversityC) culture; diversityD) culturalization; workforce diversity E) psychology; social psychologyAnswer: BExplanation: B) One of the most important challenges for organizations is adapting to people who are different. We describe this challenge as workforce diversity. Whereas globalization focuses on differences among people from different countries, workforce diversity addresses differences among people within given countries.Diff: 3AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environmentsQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.



66) Which of the following statements is not true about work force diversity? A) Disability is a category of workforce diversity.B) Managing workforce diversity presents many challenges. C) Workforce diversity focuses on differences within a country. D) Sexual orientation is a part of workforce diversity. E) Workforce diversity is a concern only in the United States.Answer: EExplanation: E) Managing workforce diversity is a global concern. Most European countries have experienced dramatic growth in immigration from the Middle East; Argentina and Venezuela host a significant number of migrants from other South American countries; and nations from India to Iraq to Indonesia find great cultural diversity within their borders.Diff: 1AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environmentsQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

67) Workforce diversity means that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of all of the following except ________.A) ageB) genderC) domestic partnersD) socio-economic statusE) religionAnswer: DExplanation: D) Gender, race, national origin, age, disability, domestic partners, and religion are the major workforce diversity categories.Diff: 1AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environmentsQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

68) The common characteristic of service jobs is that they require ________.A) substantial interaction with an organization's customersB) low payC) a focus on productivityD) little job knowledgeE) little technical competenceAnswer: AExplanation: A) The common characteristic of service jobs is substantial interaction with an organization's customers. Many an organization has failed because its employees failed to please customers. Management needs to create a customer-responsive culture.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.



69) Which of the following is not considered a key quality of an employee in a customer-responsive culture?A) friendly and courteousB) accessibleC) knowledgeableD) good computer skillsE) willing to do what's necessary to please the customerAnswer: DExplanation: D) Management needs to create a customer-responsive culture. OB can provide considerable guidance in helping managers create such cultures–in which employees are friendly and courteous, accessible, knowledgeable, prompt in responding to customer needs, and willing to do what's necessary to please the customer. Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

70) Which of the following factors makes it imperative that organizations be fast and flexible? A) workforce diversityB) corporate excess C) truncated capacity D) advances in corporate strategy E) globalization Answer: EExplanation: E) Globalization, expanded capacity, and advances in technology have required organizations to be fast and flexible if they are to survive. The result is that most managers and employees today work in a climate best characterized as "temporary."Diff: 3AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environmentsQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.



71) The use of temporary work groups and employee rotation has reduced the ________ of working in a specific group, as well as the security attached to it.A) predictabilityB) spontaneityC) autonomyD) moraleE) satisfactionAnswer: AExplanation: A) In the past, employees were assigned to a specific work group, gaining a considerable amount of security working with the same people day in and day out. That predictability has been replaced by temporary work groups, with members from different departments, and the increased use of employee rotation to fill constantly changing work assignments.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

72) Which of the following is the major challenge to managers in a fully networked organization? A) eliminating the need for paper communication by relying entirely on e-mail, file transfers, and the like B) retaining team members who can easily move to another employer when demand for their services changes C) managing contract and temporary workers D) maintaining a "virtual office" through the use of computers, interoffice networks, and the Internet E) managing people who work together but are geographically separated Answer: EExplanation: E) Networked organizations allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart. Motivating and managing people online requires different techniques than when individuals are physically present in a single location.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.



73) ________ allow(s) people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart. A) Flexible cubicles B) Stratified work environments C) Decentralized communicationD) Evidence-based managementE) Networked organizations Answer: EExplanation: E) Networked organizations allow people to communicate and work together even though they may be thousands of miles apart. Motivating and managing people online requires different techniques than when individuals are physically present in a single location.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

74) Which of the following is not an action characteristic of an organization in flux?A) replacing temporary workers with permanent onesB) reorganizing divisionsC) downsizing operationsD) subcontracting noncritical services and operations to other organizationsE) selling off poorly performing divisionsAnswer: AExplanation: A) Organizations that are in a state of flux continually reorganize their various divisions, sell off poorly performing businesses, downsize operations, subcontract noncritical services and operations to other organizations, and replace permanent employees with temporary workers.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

75) The difference between good and bad management can be the difference between ________ and ________.A) profit; lossB) employment; successC) development; deteriorationD) collaboration; noncooperationE) productivity; unproductivityAnswer: AExplanation: A) The difference between good and bad management can be the difference between profit and loss or, ultimately, between survival and failure.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.



76) Timothy works with people of various nationalities and faiths. How can he effectively manage people from different cultures?A) by adapting his management style to their differencesB) by keeping a straightforward and open communication styleC) by using his own motivations to guide othersD) by treating everyone uniformly, regardless of their backgroundE) by guiding them to adapt to his management styleAnswer: AExplanation: A) To work effectively with people from different cultures, you need to understand how their culture, geography, and religion have shaped them and how to adapt your management style to their differences. What motivates you may not motivate them. Or your communication style may be straightforward and open, which others may find uncomfortable and threatening.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: Critical thinkingLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

77) Organizations need to ensure that hiring and employment policies create equal access and opportunities to individuals, regardless of ________.A) genderB) experienceC) educational qualificationD) computer skillsE) technical know-howAnswer: AExplanation: A) Organizations need to ensure that hiring and employment policies create equal access and opportunities to individuals, regardless of gender.Diff: 1AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environmentsQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.



78) Which one of the following is not an example of globalization?A) After years of lackluster performance, Boeing realized it needed to change its business model.B) McDonald's sells hamburgers in more than 100 countries in six continents.C) All major automobile makers now manufacture cars outside their borders.D) At Finland-based phone maker Nokia's renowned research center in Helsinki, non-Finns now outnumber Finns.E) ExxonMobil, a so-called United States company, reported that less than six percent of their 2011 earnings were from gas and products sales in the United States.Answer: AExplanation: A) Organizations are no longer constrained by national borders. Burger King is owned by a British firm, and McDonald's sells hamburgers in more than 100 countries in six continents. ExxonMobil, a so-called United States company, reported that less than six percent of their 2011 earnings were from gas and products sales in the United States. New employees at Finland-based phone maker Nokia are increasingly being recruited from India, China, and other developing countries–non-Finns now outnumber Finns at their renowned research center in Helsinki. And all major automobile makers now manufacture cars outside their borders: Honda builds cars in Ohio, Ford in Brazil, Volkswagen in Mexico, and both Mercedes and BMW in South Africa.Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical Thinking; Diverse and multicultural work environmentsQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

79) Which of the following is not an example of people who can work from home or other non-office locations?A) assembly line workersB) systems analystsC) technical writersD) medical transcribersE) book and media editorsAnswer: AExplanation: A) Software programmers, graphic designers, systems analysts, technical writers, photo researchers, book and media editors, and medical transcribers are just a few examples of people who can work from home or other non-office locations.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.



80) Many employees of global firms are "on call" 24 hours a day for all of the following reasons except ________.A) they are able to create and structure their own roles with flexible work schedulesB) they need to consult with colleagues or customers eight or ten time zones awayC) they can now do their work at home or other non-office locationsD) they are being asked to put in longer hours by their organizationsE) they are facing increasing demands of globalization and competitionAnswer: AExplanation: A) Many employees of global firms are "on call" 24 hours a day because: they need to consult with colleagues or customers eight or ten time zones away; communication technology allows many technical and professional employees to do their work at home, in their cars, or in other non-office locations; and organizations are asking employees to put in longer hours. However, today's workplace also presents opportunities for workers to create and structure their own roles and avail flexibility in work schedules for a better work-life balance.Diff: 2AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environmentsQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

81) The blurring of the line between work and non-work time has created ________.A) personal conflictsB) a more stable workforceC) higher pay scales for more hours workedD) dual career householdsE) greater job satisfactionAnswer: AExplanation: A) Employees are increasingly complaining that the line between work and nonwork time has become blurred, creating personal conflicts and stress. At the same time, today's workplace presents opportunities for workers to create and structure their roles.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.



82) Situations where an individual is required to define right and wrong conduct are termed ________. A) diversity issues B) human resource problems C) ethical dilemmas D) organizational complexitiesE) social puzzles Answer: CExplanation: C) Ethical dilemmas and ethical choices are situations in which individuals are required to define right and wrong conduct. For example, if an employee has to decide to uncover illegal activities in the company, even if it means losing his job, he has an ethical dilemma.Diff: 2AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoningQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

83) Employees today are ________.A) expressing increased confidence in managementB) expressing increased trust in managementC) increasingly certain about what constitutes appropriate ethical behaviorD) increasingly uncertain about what constitutes appropriate ethical behaviorE) less likely to engage in unethical practicesAnswer: DExplanation: D) Increasingly the employees face ethical dilemmas and ethical choices, in which they are required to identify right and wrong conduct. What constitutes good ethical behavior has never been clearly defined, and, in recent years, the line differentiating right from wrong has blurred.Diff: 2AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoningQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.



84) Which of the following is not an example of an ethical dilemma?A) Do I allow some employees to work from home, and not others?B) Do I offer a bribe to land a contract?C) Do I write a check on a closed account?D) Do I fire an employee to avoid paying her a big bonus?E) Do I fire a whistle blower for exposing the company's wrongdoing?Answer: AExplanation: A) Increasingly the employees face ethical dilemmas and ethical choices, in which they are required to identify right and wrong conduct. What constitutes good ethical behavior has never been clearly defined, and, in recent years, the line differentiating right from wrong has blurred.Diff: 2AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoningQuest. Category: ApplicationLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

85) Managers and their organizations are responding to the problem of unethical behavior in all of the following ways except ________.A) by offering seminars, workshops, and other training programs to try to improve ethical behaviorsB) by writing and distributing codes of ethics to guide employees through ethical dilemmasC) by hiring people who can identify unethical employees and take action against themD) by providing in-house advisors who can be contacted for assistance in dealing with ethical issuesE) by creating protection mechanisms for employees who reveal internal unethical practicesAnswer: CExplanation: C) Managers and their organizations are responding to the problem of unethical behavior in a number of ways. They're writing and distributing codes of ethics to guide employees through ethical dilemmas. They're offering seminars, workshops, and other training programs to try to improve ethical behaviors. They're providing in-house advisors who can be contacted, in many cases anonymously, for assistance in dealing with ethical issues, and they're creating protection mechanisms for employees who reveal internal unethical practices.Diff: 2AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoningQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.



86) An ethically healthy climate ________.A) exists where employees confront a minimal degree of ambiguity regarding what constitutes right and wrong behaviorsB) is non-existent in businessesC) seldom allows employees to do their work productivelyD) cannot be created by managers, but must be dictated by the organization's missionE) interferes with the actual performance of the organizationAnswer: AExplanation: A) Companies that promote a strong ethical mission, encourage employees to behave with integrity, and provide strong ethical leadership can influence employee decisions to behave ethically. Today's manager must create an ethically healthy climate for his or her employees, where they can do their work productively with minimal ambiguity about what right and wrong behaviors are.Diff: 3AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoningQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

87) In good economic conditions, understanding how to reward, satisfy, and retain employees is at a premium, however, in bad times, issues like stress, decision making, and coping come to the fore. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Managing employees well when times are tough is just as hard as when times are good–if not more so. But the OB approaches sometimes differ. In good times, understanding how to reward, satisfy, and retain employees is at a premium. In bad times, issues like stress, decision making, and coping come to the fore.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

88) As the world has become more global, managers have to become capable of working with people from different cultures.Answer: TRUEExplanation: To work effectively with people from different cultures, you need to understand how their culture, geography, and religion have shaped them and how to adapt your management style to their differences.Diff: 2AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environmentsQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.



89) Organizational Behavior principles are consistent between networked and non-networked organizations.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Making collaborative decisions in an online environment is quite different than in a traditional organization and required the manager to develop new skills.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

90) Workforce diversity is a topic dealing with how organizations are becoming more homogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity. Answer: FALSEExplanation: Workforce diversity acknowledges a workforce of women and men; many racial and ethnic groups; individuals with a variety of physical or psychological abilities; and people who differ in age and sexual orientation. Diff: 2AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environmentsQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

91) The common characteristic of manufacturing jobs is that they require substantial interaction with an organization's customers.Answer: FALSEExplanation: The common characteristic of service jobs is that they require substantial interaction with an organization's customers. Many an organization has failed because its employees failed to please customers. Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

92) Today's managers and employees must learn to cope with temporariness, flexibility, spontaneity, and unpredictability.Answer: TRUEExplanation: Globalization, expanded capacity, and advances in technology have required organizations to be fast and flexible if they are to survive. The result is that most managers and employees today work in a climate best characterized as "temporary."Diff: 2AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environmentsQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.



93) There's an increasing blurring between the work and nonwork time. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Employees are increasingly complaining that the line between work and nonwork time has become blurred, creating personal conflicts and stress. Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

94) Balancing work and life demands now surpasses job security as an employee priority.Answer: TRUEExplanation: Employees increasingly recognize that work infringes on their personal lives, and they're not happy about it. Recent studies suggest employees want jobs that give them flexibility in their work schedules so they can better manage work—life conflicts. In fact, balancing work and life demands now surpasses job security as an employee priority.Diff: 2AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

95) Ethical dilemmas are situations in which employees are required to identify right and wrong conduct.Answer: TRUEExplanation: Increasingly, employees are facing ethical dilemmas and ethical choices, in which they are required to identify right and wrong conduct. Managers must create an ethically healthy climate for employees, where they can do their work productively with minimal ambiguity about what right and wrong behaviors are. Diff: 2AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoningQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

96) Determining the ethically correct way to behave is especially difficult in a global economy because different cultures have different perspectives on certain ethical issues.Answer: TRUEExplanation: What constitutes good ethical behavior has never been clearly defined, and, in recent years, the line differentiating right from wrong has blurred. Determining the ethically correct way to behave is especially difficult in a global economy because different cultures have different perspectives on certain ethical issues.Diff: 2AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoningQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.



97) What conclusions can you draw about turnover if an employer strives to find balance in work-life conflicts? How can the employer find this balance and still have productive employees?Answer: Because work is constantly infringing on people's lives, some employers make efforts to find balance in the work-life conflict. For example, if a job requires a lot of travel time away from the family, when the travel assignment is done, the employer could allow the employee to work from home several days to be able to spend more time with the family. Allowing flexible schedules and complimentary time off for overtime worked gives an employee time to recuperate what was lost to work, thus increasing job satisfaction and most likely decreasing turnover. Turnover is the voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization. A high turnover rate results in increased recruiting, selection, and training costs–which are quite significant. Although it might appear that the employer is losing productivity by allowing flexible time and balance in work-life conflicts, he is actually increasing productivity because he isn't training new employees due to reduced turnover, and employees with high job satisfaction are more productive. Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: SynthesisLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.

98) Explain the scope of OB in service jobs and describe its role in improving customer service.Answer: Today, the majority of employees in developed countries work in service jobs, including 80 percent in the United States. In Australia, 73 percent work in service industries. In the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan, the percentages are 69, 68, and 65, respectively. Service jobs include technical support representatives, fast-food counter workers, sales clerks, waiters and waitresses, nurses, automobile repair technicians, consultants, credit representatives, financial planners, and flight attendants. The common characteristic of these jobs is substantial interaction with an organization's customers. Many an organization has failed because its employees failed to please customers. Management needs to create a customer-responsive culture. OB can provide considerable guidance in helping managers create cultures in which employees are friendly and courteous, accessible, knowledgeable, prompt in responding to customer needs, and willing to do what's necessary to please the customer.Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical Thinking; Diverse and multicultural work environmentsQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.6 Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts.



99) According to Robbins and Judge, organizational behavior can be analyzed on all of the following levels except ________.A) outcomeB) groupC) organizationalD) individualE) none of the aboveAnswer: AExplanation: A) According to the authors, there are three levels of analysis: individual, group, and organizational. Outcomes are a type of variable used within the levels of analysis.Diff: 1AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: Critical thinkingLO: 1.7 Compare the three levels of analysis in this text's OB model.

100) List and describe the three levels of analysis which comprise the OB model.Answer: Individual-the elements of study which explore OB on the personal level, including the topics of diversity, attitudes, job satisfaction, emotions, moods, personality, values, decision making and motivation.Group-the elements which explore the organization from the perspective of how individuals interact with one another including groups and teams, communication, leadership, power, politics, and conflict.Organization-the elements of OB which pertains to the ways in which multiple groups interact with one another including organizational culture, change, and stress management.Diff: 3AACSB: Analytical ThinkingQuest. Category: ConceptLO: 1.7 Compare the three levels of analysis in this text's OB model.


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