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ISLAMIYA ENGLISH SCHOOL
Physics
Astronomy worksheet
Date:
Time: Total marks available: Total marks achieved: ______
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Questions
Q1.Planets and comets in our Solar System orbit the Sun.
(a) Which force causes planets and comets to orbit the Sun?
(1) .............................................................................................................................................
(b) The diagram shows the orbits of a planet and a comet around the Sun.
(i) On the diagram, label the planet, the comet and the Sun.(1)
(ii) Explain why it is possible for a planet and a comet in our Solar System to collide.(2)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)Q2.(a) Which list gives the astronomical objects in order of size, starting with the largest?
(1)
A galaxy – Solar System – planet – Sun
B galaxy – Solar System – Sun – planet
C planet – galaxy – Solar System – Sun
D planet – Solar System – Sun – galaxy
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(b) The Earth and Mars are planets in our Solar System.
(i) State two ways in which the orbits of Earth and Mars are similar.(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................
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2 ..........................................................................................................................................
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(ii) State one way in which the orbits of Earth and Mars are different.(1)
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(c) Deimos is a moon that orbits the planet Mars.
The radius of its orbit is 23 500 km and its time period is 1.26 days.Calculate the orbital speed of Deimos.Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
(3)
orbital speed = .................................... km/day
(d) Enceladus is a moon that orbits the planet Saturn.
Enceladus has a similar orbital period to that of Deimos, but its orbital speed is about 10 times larger.Explain how this is possible.
(2).....................................................................................................................................................................
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(Total for question = 9 marks) Q3.(a) These sentences are about astronomy.
Complete the sentences by writing words in the blank spaces. (4)
The Earth is an astronomical object.One astronomical object smaller than the Earth is ................................... .
Two astronomical objects larger than the Earth are ................................... and ................................... .Page 3 of 20
The Milky Way is the name given to our................................... .
(b) The diagram shows the path followed by a comet as it moves around the Sun.
A, B, C, D and E are points on the comet's orbit.
(i) State the name of the force that causes the comet to orbit the Sun.(1)
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(ii) At which of the points shown is the force on the comet greatest?(1)
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(iii) Draw an arrow at point D to show the direction of the force acting on the comet.(1)
(iv) At which of the points shown does the comet have the greatest kinetic energy?(1)
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(Total for question = 8 marks) Q4.This question is about planets in the solar system.
(a) Planets in the solar system have different sizes and masses.
The bar chart shows the gravitational field strength of each planet compared to Earth.
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(i) Which of these statements is correct?(1)
A A 1 kg mass would weigh more on Venus than on Neptune B A 1 kg mass would weigh more on Earth than on Uranus C A 1 kg mass would weigh more on Mercury than on Saturn D A 1 kg mass would weigh more on Mars than on Jupiter
(ii) On Earth, the gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg.Which of these is the value for the gravitational field strength on Mars?
(1) A 0.04 N/kg B 0.4 N/kg C 4 N/kg D 25 N/kg
(b) Deimos is a natural satellite of Mars.
Deimos has an orbital time period of 1820 minutes and an orbital speed of 1350 m/s.(i) Calculate the orbital radius of Deimos.
(4)
orbital radius = ........................................................... m
(ii) The diagram shows Deimos in orbit around Mars.
Which arrow shows the direction of the force of gravity that Mars exerts on Deimos?(1)
A B C D
(Total for question = 7 marks)
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Q5.The Moon orbits the Earth.
(a) State a difference between the orbit of a moon and the orbit of a planet.
(2) .............................................................................................................................................
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(b) The radius of the Moon's orbit is 385000 km.It takes 27 days for the Moon to complete one orbit.
Calculate the orbital speed of the Moon.Give a suitable unit.(3)
orbital speed = ............................ unit ............................
(c) In 1971, astronaut Alan Shepard hit a golf ball on the surface of the Moon.
The golf ball had a mass of 50 g and he transferred 56 J of energy to it.
(i) State the equation linking kinetic energy, mass and velocity.(1)
(ii) Calculate the initial velocity of the ball.(3)
initial velocity = ............................ m/s
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(d) At its highest point the ball had gained 12 J of gravitational potential energy.
(i) State the kinetic energy of the ball at its highest point.(1)
kinetic energy = ............................ J
(ii) State the equation linking gravitational potential energy, mass, g and height.(1)
(iii) Calculate the maximum height that the ball reached. (gravitational field strength on the Moon, g = 1.6 N/kg)
(2)
maximum height = ............................ m
(e) Suggest why the ball travelled further on the Moon than it would have done on Earth.
(2) ..............................................................................................................................................................
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(Total for question = 15 marks)
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Q6.The table shows some data about planets in our Solar System.
Use data from the table to answer these questions.
(a) Which planet has about the same diameter as the Earth?
(1).............................................................................................................................................
(b) Jupiter has the largest gravitational field strength.Suggest a reason for this.
(1).............................................................................................................................................
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(c) (i) State the equation linking density, mass and volume.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the density of Neptune in kg/km3.You may assume that Neptune is a sphere and that its volume is given by
(3)
density = ............................................. kg/km3
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(d) Calculate the orbital speed of Earth in km/s.
(3)
orbital speed = .............................................km/s
(e) A student says
Use data from the table to evaluate this statement.(3)
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(Total for question = 12 marks) Q7.The diagram shows the orbits of some objects in the Solar System.
(a) (i) Path X is the orbit of a(1)
A comet
B galaxy
C planet
D star
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(ii) Path Y is the orbit of a (1)
A comet
B galaxy
C planet
D star
(b) The objects are held in orbit by (1)
A electrostatic force
B frictional force
C gravitational force
D magnetic force (Total for question = 3 marks)Q8.In 1969, astronauts left a reflector on the surface of the Moon.
The reflector consists of mirrors at 90° to each other. Scientists on Earth aim light from a laser at the reflector.This light reflects back to them.
(a)The diagram shows two mirrors in the reflector. Complete the diagram to show the path of the ray of light. (2)
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(b)The speed of light in a vacuum is 300 000 km/s.
The average time for a ray of light to travel to the Moon and back is about 2.6 s.Show that the Moon is about 400 000 km from the Earth.
(3)
(c) Scientists measure the time for the light to travel to the Moon and back very accurately, but the time is different every day.
The graph shows how these times change over the period of one month.
(i)Suggest what can be deduced about the orbit of the Moon from the information in the graph.
(3) .............................................................................................................................................
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(ii)The scientists also discovered that the average time for light to travel to the Moon and back increases gradually every year.What further information does this give about the orbit of the Moon?
(1) .............................................................................................................................................
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(Total for question = 9 marks)Q9.The diagram shows four planets, P, Q, R and S, orbiting a star.
(a)This combination of planets and a star is most like (1)
A a galaxy
B the Milky Way
C the Solar System
D the universe
(b) Planet Q has a moon.
On the diagram, draw the orbit of this moon.(1)
(c) On the diagram, draw the orbit of a comet.
(2)(d) Planets nearer to the star take less time to orbit the star.
(i) Suggest why.(1)
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(ii) Planet P makes one complete orbit. During this time(1)
A planet R makes more orbits than S B planet R makes fewer orbits than Q C planet S makes more orbits than P D planet Q makes fewer orbits than P
(e) As the planets orbit the star, the distances between the planets change.
Planet P is 200 million km from the star and planet R is 50 million km from the star.(i) Calculate the maximum distance between planet P and planet R.
(1)
maximum distance = ....................................................million km
(ii) Calculate the minimum distance between planet P and planet R.(1)
minimum distance = ....................................................million km
(Total for question = 8 marks) Q10.The planet Mercury orbits the Sun.
(a) Mercury takes 88 days to orbit the Sun. The average radius of the orbit is 58 million km.
Calculate the average orbital speed of Mercury. Give the unit.(3)
Average orbital speed = ........................................................... Unit ...........................................................(b) Comets also orbit the Sun.
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(i) Name the force that causes comets and planets to orbit the Sun.(1)
..............................................................................................................................................(ii) Add to the diagram opposite to show the orbit of a typical comet.
(1)(iii) The speed of a comet changes during its orbit.On the orbit you have drawn, label with the letter X the position where the comet travels at its fastest speed. (1) (iv) Explain why the comet travels fastest at point X.
(2) ..............................................................................................................................................
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.............................................................................................................................................. (Total for question = 8 marks)Q11.This question is about the Solar System.
(a) The object at the centre of our Solar System is(1)
A a comet
B the Earth
C the Moon
D the Sun
(b) Earth and Mars are planets in our Solar System.The table shows some data for these planets.
(i) Calculate the orbital speed of Mars in km / day.(2)
speed = ...................................... km / day
(ii) The distance between Earth and Mars varies between 100 million km and 400 million km.Explain why this distance is not constant.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.(2)
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..............................................................................................................................................(c) Visible light from Mars reaches the Earth.The speed of light is 300 000 km/s.
(i) Show that when the planets are 170 000 000 km apart, it takes about 600 s for light to travel this distance.
(3)
(ii) Scientists land a remote-controlled vehicle on Mars.
The vehicle sends images back to Earth showing its surroundings on Mars. Sometimes these images show rocks ahead that could damage the vehicle.A scientist on Earth sends radio signals that control this vehicle.The speed of the vehicle is limited to 0.04 m/s.Suggest why the speed is kept low.
(2) ..............................................................................................................................................
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Q12.A comet passes close to the Earth.
An astronomer observes the position of the comet and the Earth on the same day each week for several weeks.
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(a) The diagram shows her observations for weeks 1 to 11.
(i) Complete the path for the comet between week 5 and week 7.(1)
(ii) Mark an X on the diagram to show the position of the Sun.(1)
(iii) Suggest why the astronomer did not observe the comet during week 6.(1)
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(iv) The observation showing the comet nearest to the Earth was made during(1)
A week 7 B week 8 C week 9 D week 10
(v) Explain how the diagram shows that the speed of the comet changes as it moves from position 1 to position 5.
(2) .............................................................................................................................................
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(vi) Suggest why the speed of the comet changes.(1)
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(b) The Earth orbits the Sun once in 365 days.The radius of the Earth's orbit is 150 000 000 km.
Calculate the orbital speed of the Earth in kilometres per hour.(3)
orbital speed = ........................................................... kilometres per hour
(Total for question = 10 marks) Q13.The Hubble Space Telescope is in orbit around the Earth.It detects visible light from distant objects.
(a) Name the force that keeps the telescope in orbit around the Earth.(1)
..............................................................................................................................................(b) The Hubble Space Telescope moves in a circular orbit.Its distance above the Earth's surface is 560 km.(i) The radius of the Earth is 6400 km. Calculate the radius of the orbit of the Hubble Space Telescope.
(1)
Radius = ........................................................... km(ii) The Hubble Space Telescope completes one orbit in 96 minutes. Calculate its orbital speed in m/s.
(3)
Orbital speed = ........................................................... m/s
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(c) The Chandra Telescope also orbits the Earth, but does not move in a circular orbit.Its distance from the Earth and its speed change as it orbits the Earth.It travels fastest when it is closest to the Earth.Use ideas about energy to explain why.
(3) ..............................................................................................................................................
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..............................................................................................................................................(d) The Chandra Telescope detects X-rays from distant objects.
(i) State the name of the type of wave that includes X-rays and visible light.(1)
..............................................................................................................................................(ii) Describe two differences between X-rays and visible light.
(2)1 ...................................................................................................................................................................
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.............................................................................................................................................. (Total for question = 11 marks)Q14.Hubble and Kepler are the names of two space telescopes.
(a) The Hubble telescope is in a circular orbit around the Earth. The Kepler telescope is in a circular orbit around the Sun.
(i) The orbit of the Hubble telescope is most like the orbit of a (1)
A comet
B moon
C planet
D star
(ii) The orbit of the Kepler telescope is most like the orbit of a (1)Page 18 of 20
A comet
B moon
C planet
D star
(iii) The force that keeps space telescopes in orbit is (1)
A friction
B gravity
C lift
D upthrust
(b) Space telescopes are used to study galaxies.Use words from the box to complete the sentences below.Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
(i) There are billions of stars in the galaxy called the .................................................................... .(1)
(ii) There are billions of galaxies in the .................................................................... .(1)
(c) Which of these is nearest to the Earth (1) A the surface of the Moon
B the surface of the Sun
C the centre of the Solar System
D the centre of the Universe
(d) Gravitational field strength is measured in (1)
A kg/N
B kg/N2
C N/kg
D N/kg2
(Total for question = 7 marks)Q15.The Astra satellite is in an orbit around the Earth.
(a) The satellite uses microwave signals for communication.
Microwaves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(i) Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has longer wavelengths than microwaves? (1) A gamma rays
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B radio waves
C ultraviolet light
D visible light
(ii) Which of these statements is correct? (1) A Microwaves always travel faster than radio waves.
B Microwaves always travel slower than radio waves.
C Microwaves and radio waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum.
D Microwaves and radio waves travel at the same speed in all materials.
(iii)State one property of electromagnetic waves that makes microwaves suitable for communications with a satellite in space.
(1)
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(b) The Astra satellite takes 24 hours to orbit the Earth once.It travels at a speed of 3.1 km/s.Calculate the orbital radius of the satellite and give the unit.
(4)
orbital radius = ........................................................... unit ...........................................................
(c)The Astra satellite orbits above the equator and travels in the same direction as the rotation of the Earth.Suggest why this type of 24-hour orbit is an advantage for communications. (1)
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(Total for Question = 8 marks)
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