EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF SWAZILANDJunior Certificate Examination

LITERATURE IN ENGLISH 120/01Paper 1 ( Closed Books) October/November 2015

2 Hours 15 minutes

Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Follow the instructions on the front cover of the booklet.Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer three questions: one question from Section A (Drama), one question from Section B (Poetry), and one question from Section C (Prose).

At least one of these must be a passage – based question (marked*), and at least one must be an essay/empathic question.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.Marks allocated to each question are shown in brackets [ ] at the end of each question.

__________________________________________________________________________________This document consists of 16 printed pages.

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SECTION A: DRAMA

Answer one question from this section.

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE: The Merchant of Venice

Either

1. Read the following passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

SALERIO: Come, the full stop.SOLANIO: Ha, what sayst thou? Why, the end is he hath

lost a ship.SALERIO: I would it might prove the end of his losses.SOLANIO: Let me say amen betimes, lest the devil cross 5

my prayer – Enter Shylock for here he comes in the likeness of a Jew. How now, Shylock, what news among the merchants?

SHYLOCK: You knew, none so well, none so well as you, 10of my daughter’s flight.

SALERIO: That’s certain. I for my part knew the tailorthat made the wings she flew withal.

SOLANIO: And Shylock for his own part knew the birdwas fledge, and then it is the complexion of them all to 15leave the dam.

SHYLOCK: She is damned for it.SALERIO: That’s certain, if the devil may be her judge.

SHYLOCK: Why, there, there, there, there. A diamondgone cost me two thousand ducats in Frankfurt. The 20curse never fell upon our nation till now – I never felt ittill now. Two thousand ducats in that and otherprecious, jewels. I would my daughter weredead at my foot and the jewels in her ear! Would shewere hearsed at my foot and the ducats in her coffin! 25No news of them? Why, so And I know not what’sspent in the search. Why thou, loss upon loss: the thiefone with so much, and so much to find the thief, andno satisfaction, no revenge, nor no ill luck stirring butwhat lights o’ my shoulders, no sighs but o’ my 30breathing, no tears but o’ my shedding.

TUBAL: Yes, other men have ill luck too. Antonio, as Iheard in Genoa –

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SHYLOCK: What, what, what? Ill luck, ill luck?TUBAL: Hath an argosy cast away coming from Tripolis. 35SHYLOCK: I thank God, I thank God! Is it true, is it true?TUBAL: I spoke with some of the sailors that escaped the

wreck.SHYLOCK: I thank thee, good Tubal. Good news, good news! Good

news ! Ha, ha – hk7eard in Genoa? 40TUBAL: Your daughter spent in Genoa, as I heard, one

night fourscore ducats.SHYLOCK: Thou stick’st a dagger in me. I shall never

see my gold again. Fourscore ducats at a sitting?Fourscore ducats? 45

TUBAL: There came divers of Antonio’s creditors in mycompany to Venice that swear he cannot choose butbreak.

SHYLOCK: I am very glad of it. I’ll plague him, I’ll torturue himI am glad of it. 50

TUBAL: One of them showed me a ring that he had ofyour daughter for a monkey.

SHYLOCK: Out upon her! Thou torturest me, Tubal. It wasmy turquoise. I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor. I would not have given it for a wilderness of monkeys. 55

TUBAL: But Antonio is certainly undone.SHYLOCK: Nay, that’s true, that’s very true. Go, Tubal,

fee me an officer. Bespeak him a fortnight before. I willhave the heart of him if he forfeit, for where he out of Venice I can make what merchandise I will. Go, Tubal, 60and meet me at our synagogue. Go, good Tubal; at oursynagogue, Tubal.

Exeunt severallySHYLOCK: My own flesh and blood to rebel

SOLANIO: Out upon it, old carrion, rebels it at these 65years?

SHYLOCK: I say my daughter is my flesh and my blood.SALERIO: There is more difference between thy flesh and

hers than between jet and ivory; more between yourbloods than there is between red wine and Rhenish. 70But tell us, do you hear whether Antonio have had anyloss at sea or no?

SHYLOCK: There I have another bad match. A bankrupt,a prodigal, who dare scarce show his head on the Rialto;a beggar, that was used to come so smug upon the 75mart. Let him look to his bond. He was wont to call meusurer: let him look to his bond. He was wont to lendmoney for a Christian courtesy: let him look to his bond.

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SALERIO: Why, I am sure if he forfeit thou wilt not take 80his flesh. What’s that good for?

SHYLOCK: To bait fish withal. If it will feed nothing elseit will feed my revenge. He hath disgraced me, andhindered me half a million; laughed at my losses,mocked at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my 85bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies, andwhat’s his reason? – I am a Jew. Hath not a Jew eyes?Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses,affections, passions; fed with the same food, hurt withthe same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed 90by the same means, warmed and cooled by the samewinter and summer as a Christian is? If you prick us do we not bleed? If you tickle us do we not laugh? Ifyou poison us do we not die? And if you wrong usshall we not revenge? If we are like you in the rest, 95we will resemble you in that. If a Jew wrong a Christian,what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wronga Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christianexample? Why, revenge. The villainy you teach me Iwill execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the 100instruction.

(a) What feelings do you have for Shylock as you read this passage?Explain your feelings using the passage for support. [10]

(b) What in your opinion does this passage reveal about the personalities of Solanio and Salerio?Refer closely to the play for support. [10]

Or

2. The Merchant of Venice does have moments where Shakespeare deliberately wants us to be amused. Pick out two of such moments and explain in what ways the writermakes these moments amusing to you. (You may not use moment from the passage in question 1.) [20]

Or

3. You are Antonio just immediately after the judgement has been passed on Shylock. Write your thoughts. [20]

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OLA ROTIMI: The Gods are not to Blame

Either

*4. Read the following passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

[Enter CHIEFS.]Wife, you tell them what you have just told me.OJUOLA: [To FIRST CHIEF.] Were you not the one who sent for BabaFakunle when my former husband was slain?FIRST CHIEF: It is the custom of our land to find out how our kings die. 5ODEWALE: Did you send for him or did you not?FIRST CHIEF: Custom demanded; I obeyed.OJUOLA: Were you not all present when Baba Fakunle said my first husbandwas killed by one of his own blood?[CHIEFS mumble vaguely.] 10ODEWALE: Answer, people.CHIEFS: He said so. Indeed.OJUOLA: So, why did you not tell him, that same soothsayer, that he lied,when he said again that it was this king who murdered the former king?ODEWALE: I’m a stranger in your midst. Why would they tell him that he 15lied? That would make me innocent. Can the cockroach be innocent in agathering of fowls?FIRST CHIEF: My lord we meant no evil against you.ODEWALE: Of course, you all mean no evil against me. You all love me. Weare all close friends. [Sneering.] Like he-goats and cocoyams! 20SECOND CHIEF: We would ask the Queen to help us tell the King that asthe gods bear us witness, his tribe does no harm to us͟―OJUOLA: But you give the King cause to suspect you all. For instance, youfailed to tell the Seer that he was a liar. He has called this King murderer.But was it not this same soothsayer who some time ago said that my former 25husband was slain by one of his own blood? Which was a lie too. Not onlywas the former King not slain by one of his own blood, the bodyguard whocame back after the murder told us that the king was rushed upon and killedby ten robbers, men he had never seen before. Is that not the truth?CHIEFS: It is the truth. 30OJUOLA: By ten thieves near Ede, at a place where three footpaths meet,and that ―ODEWALE: At where?OJUOLA: That was what the man who came back with the King’s body said,my lord. 35ODEWALE: That the King was killed where?OJUOLA: By ten thieves, near the town of Ede.SECOND CHIEF: At the place where three footpaths meet on the way to

Oshogbo.ODEWALE: At the place where three footbaths meet? 40

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FIRST CHIEF: Yes, my lord.THIRD CHIEF: On the way to Ede.ODEWALE: [Impatiently.] Why can’t you people say one thing and stick toIt? Why, is everybody mad? Once you said the king was killed near Ede, nextEveryone talks of Oshogbo, then Ede, then Oshogbo, Ede, Oshogbo, Ede, 50Oshogbo―what’s the matter?FIRST CHIEF: The King was killed on the road to Oshogbo, my lord, but theplace was nearer to Ede than to Oshogbo.OJUOLA: At the place where three footpaths meet, one leading to Oshogbo,one leading to Iwo and Ibadan, and the third one going to Ile-Ife and― 55ODEWALE: Enough! Will you give me time to think? What’s the matterwith you all, anyway?OJUOLA: [Kneeling.]: I beg of you, my lord, I did not mean to make you angry and―ODEWALE: When was he killed? 60OJUOLA: My former husband?ODEWALE: Who else are we talking about?OJUOLA: [Tearfully.]: My lord is so angry I cannot even think―FIRST CHIEF: It was the year before you came to us here.SECOND CHIEF: Eleven moons had passed before you came to this land. 65ODEWALE: Voices! There are too many voices now! You confuse people. Iam asking only one person―the person who should know best.FIRST CHIEF [Leading the CHIEFS away.]: My lord, we shall be waiting for you in the yard. [Exeunt.]ODEWALE: Where is the man who came back to report his death? 70OJUOLA: The bodyguard? The last I heard was that he now lives in Ilorin,far, far, away.ODEWALE: I want him here!OJUOLA: But, my lord Ilorin is a far―ODEWALE: Now! I must see him before I sleep! [Calling.] Agidi! Labata! 80Akilapa! [To OJUOLA.] They know the man well, don’t they?OJUOLA: They do, my lord.[Enter BODYGUARDS running.]ODEWALE: You leave for Ilorin now.BODYGUARDS [Surprised.] Ilorin! 85ODEWALE: And you must come back before the moon stands straight inthe sky.BODYGUARDS: Ah!ODEWALE: Ojuola will tell you what to do in Ilorin. [Retreating into bedroom.]OJUOLA: Who among you doesn’t know Gbonka? 90AGIDI: Gbonka, Gbonka?LABATA: Gbonka who?AKILAPA: There are countless Gbonkas all over the world, your highness.AGIDI: Gbonka, Gbonka.ODEWALE: [Stopping at bedroom entrance.]: Bodyguard to the former 95King, you goats!

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AGIDI: Gbonka, the son of Elempe.AKILAPA: A-ah, the man left Ilorin a long time ago.ODEWALE: Where is he now? LABATA: Dead. 100AKILAPA: Liar ! My brother, Degelu, saw him on his farm in Ipetu only lastmarket day. [Addressing AGIDI, seeking corroboration.] Don’t you knowmy brother, Degelu, the son of my mother’s brother who married Motara thesister of your wife’s mother, Niniola, who sells palmwine and pounded yamat the market near― 105ODEWALE: You are wasting time! Where is Gbonka now?AKILAPA: Ipetu, my lord. He has a farm, a cassava farm in―ODEWALE: I want him here. Now!AGIDI, LABATA, AKILAPA: Very well, your highness.[They rush out. ODEWALE goes into the bedroom.] 110

(a) Explore what the passage reveals about Odewale’s state of mind at this moment. Refer closely to the passage for support. [10]

(b) What, in your opinion, does this passage reveal about the personality of Ojuola? Refer closely to the passage for support. [10]

Or

5. How far do you agree that Odewale is the rightful King for the people of Kutuje?Use details from the text to support your answer. [20]

Or

6. Imagine you are Baba Fakunle, and you are going back to Oyo after the quarrel you have had with Odewale. Write your thoughts. [20]

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SECTION B : POETRY

Answer one question from this section.

LUCY DLAMINI AND NONHLANHLA VILAKATI, ed.: When Fishes Flew and Other Poems.

Either

* 7 Read the following poem carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

“Before the Sun” Charles Mungoshi

Intense blue morningpromising early heatand later in the afternoon,heavy rain.

The bright chips 5fly from the sharp axefor some distance through the air,arc,and eternities later,settle down in showers 10on the dewy grass.

It is a big log:but when you are fourteenbig logsare what you want. 15

The wood gives offa sweet nose-cleansing odourwhich (unlike sawdust)doesn’t make one sneeze.

It sends up a thin spiral 20of smoke which later straightensand flutes outto the distant sky: a signalof some sort,or a sacrificial prayer. 30

The wood hisses,The sparks fly.And when the sun

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finally shows up in the East like some 35

latecomer to a feast.I have got two cobs of maizeready for it.

I tell the sun to come sharewith me the roasted maize 40and the sun just winkslike a grown-up.

So I go ahead, taking bigalternative bites:one for the sun, 45one for me.This one for the sun,this one for me:till the cobsare just two little skeletons 50in the sun.

Explore the ways in which Mungoshi vividly conveys the atmosphere of the early morning in the poem. [20]

Or

8. Explore how the poet in any one of the following poems has used language to treat the subject of cruelty.

Just a passerby : Oswald Mbuyiseni Mtshali

Sadism : Mphicwa Milton Dlamini[20]

Or

9. Choose any two poems from the following and explore how they make you appreciate nature in an unusual way.

The Tyger : William BlakeHawk Roosting : Ted HughesA Sudden Storm : Pius Oleghe

[20]

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SECTION C: PROSE

Answer one question from this section.

JOHN STEINBECK: The Pearl

Either

*10 Read the following passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

And rage surged in Kino. He rolled up to his feet andfollowed her as silently as she had gone, and he couldhear her quick footsteps going towards the shore. Quietlyhe tracked her, and his brain was red with anger. She burst clear out of the brush line and stumbled over the 5little boulders towards the water, and then she heard himcoming and she broke into a run. Her arm was up tothrow when he leaped at her and caught her arm andwrenched the pearl from her. He struck her in the facewith his clenched fist and she fell among the boulders, 10and he kicked her in the side. In the pale light he could seethe little waves break over her, and her skirt floated aboutand clung to her legs as the water receded. Kino looked down at her and his teeth were bared. He hissed at her like a snake, and Juana stared at him with 15wide unfrightened eyes, like a sheep before the butcher.She knew there was murder in him, and it was all right;she had accepted it, and she would not resist or even protest. And then the rage left him and a sick disgust tookits place. He turned away from her and walked up the 20beach and through the brush line. His senses were dulled by his emotion. He heard the rush, got his knife out and lunged at onedark figure and felt his knife go home, and then he wasswept to his knees and swept again to the ground. Greedy 25fingers went through his clothes, frantic fingers searchedhim, and the pearl, knocked from his hand, lay winkingbehind a little stone in the pathway. It glinted in the softmoonlight. Juana dragged herself up from the rocks on the edge of 30the water. Her face was a dull pain and her side ached.She steadied herself on her knees for a while and her wetskirt clung to her. There was no anger in her for Kino. Hehad said, ‘I am a man,’ and that meant certain things toJuana. It meant that he was half insane and half god. It 35

meant that Kino would drive his strength against a

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mountain and plunge his strength against the sea. Juana,in her woman’s soul, knew that the mountain wouldstand while the man broke himself; that the sea wouldsurge while the man drowned in it. And yet it was this 40thing that made him a man, half insane and half god, and Juana had need of a man; she could not live without a man. Although she might be puzzled by these differencesbetween man and woman, she knew them and accepted them and needed them. Of course she would follow him, 45there was no question of that. Sometimes the quality ofwoman, the reason, the caution, the sense of preservation,could cut through Kino’s manness and save them all. Sheclimbed painfully to her feet, and she dipped her cuppedpalms in the little waves and washed her bruised face 50with the stinging salt water, and then she went creepingup the beach after Kino. A flight of herring clouds had moved over the sky fromthe south. The pale moon dipped in and out of the strandsof clouds so that Juana walked in darkness for a moment 55and in light the next. Her back was bent with pain and herhead was low. She went through the line of brush whenthe moon was covered, and when it looked through shesaw the glimmer of the great pearl in the path behind therock. She sank to her knees and picked it up, and the 60moon went into the darkness of the clouds again. Juanaremained on her knees while she considered whether togo back to the sea and finish her job, and as sheconsidered, the light came again, and she saw two darkfigures lying in the path ahead of her. She leaped forward 65and saw that one was Kino and the other a stranger withdark shiny fluid leaking from his throat. Kino moved sluggishly, arms and legs stirred like thoseof a crushed bug, and a thick muttering came from hismouth. Now, in an instant, Juana knew that the old life 70was gone for ever. A dead man in the path and Kino’sknife, dark-bladed beside him, convinced her. All of thetime Juana had been trying to rescue something of the oldpeace, of the time before the pearl. But now it was gone,and there was no retrieving it. And, knowing this, she 75abandoned the past instantly. There was nothing to do butto save themselves. Her pain was gone now, her slowness. Quickly shedragged the dead man from the pathway into the shelterof the brush. She went to Kino and sponged his face with 80her wet skirt. His senses were coming back and hemoaned.

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(a) What does this passage reveal about Kino and Juana’s relationship?Support your response with reference to the passage. [10]

(b) How does John Steinbeck in this passage show Juana’s strength of character and wisdom.Support your response with close reference to the passage. [10]

Or

11. For what reasons would you admire Juan Tomas in the novel, The Pearl? Refer closely to the novel for support. [20]

Or

12. You are Kino, fleeing from the trackers to the North. Write your thoughts. [20]

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KAGISO LESEGO MOLOPE: The Mending Season

Either

*13 Read the following passage carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

Mrs Allison began, “I just wanted to say that we are all very shocked andupset about what happened in this class. I don’t know what happened on thenetball court, but I do know that a student was attacked and hurt on schoolgrounds. Now, this is not the type of behaviour we are willing to tolerate.” She paused and looked at our side of the class. 5 “Whatever manners you learn at home or on the streets, please leave themat the gate when you enter school premises. We cannot allow something likethis to happen here. We all work very hard to teach good manners. Some of you have been here long enough to know better.” She paused again. This time she was looking out the window. 10 “I’m sure you’ve read in the paper that we have a situation on our hands.Elizabeth’s parents are very upset (she took a deep breath) about what happened and want us to take steps to ensure that this sort of thing neverhappens again. I’ve been getting phone calls all morning from concernedparents asking what’s going on, and are their children safe? I’ve had to assure 15everyone that this was a big misunderstanding – just a girl who let her temperget the best of her.” She put her hands together and looked at the ground for a moment as ifgathering her thoughts. “Now, I’m here as your principal and someone whowants to help before this whole thing gets even more out of hand. I’d like 20to know what happened two days ago on the netball court, starting from thebeginning. Were you all there?” We all nodded and said, “Yes.” “Now, who can tell me the whole story?”No one volunteered. Mrs Allison looked around and made a choice. 25“Patricia? Would you like to tell me what happened?”Trish cleared her throat. I had never seen her nervous before that moment.She looked to Veronica as if for approval and then began, “Miss, we wereplaying, um, practising for the match with Williams. I think Tshidiso wastrying to catch the ball but when she turned around she bumped into Beth, 30and then I saw Beth turn around and walk away. Miss, she looked very angry.So then I think she said something – I was too far away to hear what she said,But Tshidiso said she said the racist word –” The principal interrupted her, “Just tell me what you saw and heard, notWhat someone else heard, please. Go on.” 35 “Well, then Veronica slapped Beth and the netball teacher came betweenthem. Then Beth started to cry.” Trish shrugged and lifted her hand, palm up, to say “that’s all I know”. Noone else said anything.

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Mrs Allison turned to me, “Tshidiso, what did you see?” 40 I told the story, cringing all the while at the sound of my accent but goingon anyway. Then in the end instead of saying “the word,” or “it”, I pausedand inhaled, then said – loud enough for the class to hear – “Beth said “kaffir”to me. She said “kaffir” and that’s when Veronica slapped her.” The principal’s face stiffened and her ears turned red. No one moved or 45said anything. “Well,” she said finally. “Well, thank you, Mrs Tanner. I will take thisback to the rest of the staff. Veronica, can I see you in my office, please?Thank you, girls. Good morning.” “Good morning, Mrs Allison.” We said it, as always, in unison. Veronica 50stood up to follow the principal. When Veronica came back, she was sobbing. She packed her desk, tookher schoolbag and left. We were in the middle of a lesson and were not allowed to speak, so none of us could ask what was going on.

(a) What does this passage reveal about Mrs Allison’s personality and her attitudetowards the black students?Support your answer with details form the passage. [10]

(b) What are your feelings towards Mrs Allison at this moment? Explain your feelings using details from the passage. [10]

Or

14. From your reading of the novel, what do you think are the changes that independence has brought to the lives of the people of South Africa?Use the novel to support your ideas. [20]

Or

15. You are Matsidiso coming back from the netball court after Veronica has slapped Beth. Write your thoughts. [20]

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Either

*16

Read the following passage and then answer the questions that follow.

Bhuqa and Mlenzana went along together to the home of theLangas, talking sadly of the tragedy which had befallen not onlythe langa family, not only the village of Kwazidenge, but all peopleof goodwill everywhere. Some people saw them as they approachedand thought it strange that these two young men should come to 5the funeral together. It appeared strange to them because one ofthem was a Thembu, guilty of the death of Zuziwe to whose funeral he had come. ‘Why is that villain attending the girl’s funeral?’ Itwas Ntabeni who asked this question, edging away from the spotwhere the two young men had seated themselves. It was disgust, 10not fear, which made Ntabeni edge away from Bhuqa. Duma heard the question and looked up from the paper onwhich he was recording money contributions from the mourners.He froze when he saw Bhuqa. Then he boiled with anger. He stoodup and went straight to Bhuqa who stood up at once and looked 15at Duma with a steady eye. Duma had felt for his parents in theirgrief and had not said anything unpleasant against his dead sister.But when he saw Bhuqa, his resolution snapped. His mind wentflying back to the day of the court case, the day when he last sawBhuqa. 20‘Satanandini!’ he shouted, in a voice like the bark of a dog.‘What do you want here? Have you come to rejoice, to sing “Thebitch is dead!” As you did on the day of the court case? Are you notcontent to have made my sister a whore? Have you come now toview the results of your work? This time you will not escape. You 25have visited her just once too often.’ Mlenzana and one or two other men had jumped to their feetand were standing on either side of Bhuqa, ready to protect himif there was need. Bhuqa did not speak. He looked Duma steadilyin the eye. He was not frightened of Duma’s threats, but he was 30shocked at his hatred. It had the same quality as the hatred in his father’s eye when he spoke to him of Zuziwe. His father’s hatehad led to Zuziwe’s death. Would Duma’s hatred lead to the deathof some other person? Would it pass down from generation togeneration and stand in the way of two young lovers in the future 35as his father’s hatred had stood in the way of his marriage toZuziwe? Zuziwe had not been rejected by his father because of herpersonal faults. She had been a victim of the terrible feud insteadof being an example for people of goodwill to follow.

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Duma looked round, picked up a stout block of wood and 40advanced on Bhuqa. Mlenzana and old Dakada held down hisarms. The women screamed. The men shouted: ‘Hayi, Bhele, hayi!and pleaded with him. ‘This is not a day of anger and violence, Bhele’, said Dakada. ‘It’s a day of sorrow. You ought to show respect to the dead and 50sympathy to your wounded parents. Let it be far from you totouch their wound with rough fingers. Treat it with gentle fingersso that it may heal soon.’ ‘When you have removed this limb of Satan from my home, I will be gentle and respectful,’ shouted Duma, trying to free himself. 55‘How can I stand by and see the devil coming to my home with more evil? If you had concern for my home you would help medestroy and rid the village of him.’ Some men led Bhuqa away from Duma who tried to follow. ButMlenzana and Dakada held him back. Duma pushed Mlenzana 60away from him.

(a) In what ways does the passage reveal the deep hatred Duma has for Bhuqa?Support your answer with details from the passage. [10]

(b) What are your feelings towards Bhuqa as you read the passage?Remember to support with details from the passage. [10]

Or

17. For what reasons would you admire Ralokae in the story, Heaven is not closed. Remember to refer closely to the text for support. [20]

Or

18. You are Mmapula, seeing the lorry driving out of the village with Lesole.Write your thoughts. [20]

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