Citation:

10 William E Waters, Ellis B Cowling. 1976. Integrated forest pest management: a silvicultural necessity. Pages 149-177. In: J Lawrence Apple, Ray F Smith (editors). Integrated Pest Management. Plenum Press, New York, 200 pages.

Keywords: the forest as a dynamic ecosystem, the forest as a renewable resource for humans, forest pest management schemes, basic components, steps in the development of an adequate pest management system, model structure of a pest management system, current practices and future needs, the old-growth Douglas fir forest, Fomes pini, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae, Poria weirli, spruce budworm Christoneura occidentalis, Douglas fir tussock moth Orgyia pseudotsugata, the Southern pine forest, southern pine beetle Dendroctonus frontalis, fusiform rust Cronartium fusiforme, littleleaf disease, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Annosus root rot Fomes annosus, the Northeastern hardwood forest, forest tent caterpillar Malacosoma disstria, the elm spanworm Ennomos subsignarius, fall cankerworm Alsophila pometaria, oak leaf rollers and tiers Archips sp, Croesia sp. large aspen tortrix Choristoneura conflictanta