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Arts, Media, and Sports Unit 6 part 1
Overview What is Art?
o Art and Religiono Locating arto Art and individualityo Representation of art
and cultureo Art and communicationo Art and politicso The cultural
transmission of the artso The artistic careero Continuity and change
Media and Cultureo Using the mediao Assessing the
effects of television Sports and Culture
o Footballo What determines
international sports success?
What is Art? What is art to you? Is art the same to
everyone? Is there a such a
thing as a universal standard to art?
Art and Religion Art and Religion have similar
issues when discussingo Both have definitions of
“extraordinary” o Both will distinguish between art
and ordinary If we treat religion in a special
way, should we do the same with art?
What makes art different from ordinary?o Jacques Maquet: Something that
stimulates and sustains contemplation; compels attention and reflection. Stresses the importance of the object’s form in producing artistic contemplation
What is Art? Art: includes visual arts, literature (written and oral), music, and
performance arto Art is sometimes called expressive culture
• Dance, music, painting, sculpture, pottery, cloth, stories, drama, comedy, etc.
Many cultures lack a term that can be translated to “art” but all cultures associate an aesthetic pleasure and experience from similar thingso Aesthetic: appreciation of qualities perceived in art
Art and Religion Art and
religion are usually tied together
Art can be displayed in public places making places special – just like religion
What are some other ways art and religion are similar?
Art and Placement Is art only art when it’s put in a special place?
We tend to use special critics to tell us what is art and what is not
http://channelawesome.com/renegade-cut-citizen-kane/
https://youtu.be/Xrp0zJZu0a4
Debate! Are video games art?
Art and the Individual Should art and the individual be automatically tied? How important is it for an artist to be given credit for his work?
o Many non-western countries focus on social nature and context for art, not the individual
To what extent can a work of art stand apart from its artist?
The Work of Art Is art a form of expressive
freedom or work?o The word opera is a play
on the word opus which means a work
For artists, art is worko Non-state societies, artists
must find time for basic survival and art
o State societies see artists as specialists• Most are part-time
How much work is art? When is art completed?
Art, Society, and Culture
Art has existed for more than 70,000 yearso First cave drawings in Blombos Cave in South Africao Europe had cave paintings going back about 30,000 years ago
Portable music instruments also show evidence of art and music Art is for more than the artists – it is evaluated, exhibited, and performed
for societyo Art is for the spectators and the audience, not just the artist
Ethnomusicology Ethnomusicology –
comparative study of the musics of the world as an aspect of culture and societyo Study and analysis of music
itself and instruments used to create it
o Music as a way to explore culture, determine the role – historic and contemporary – that music plays in society, and the specific cultural features that influence how music is created and performed.
Ethnomusicology In today’s world, musical
styles are mixed together into World Music or World Fusion
Music is considered a cultural universalo Musical abilities seem to run
in families • Maybe a music gene
• Most mothers around the world sing to their children in a similar way
Ethnomusicology Music is the most
social of the artso Usually puts people in
groups Folk music – of the
people, i.e. the at, music, and lore or ordinary peopleo Originally came from
European peasantso Contrast with the
“high” or “elite” culture of European elites
Art and Communication
Art is a form of communication between artist and community
There are some intermediaries o Actors translate works an ideas from other artists into
performance for the audience to appreciateo Musicians play and sing compositions of other people
along with music they have composedo Choreographers use music written by others to plan and
direct patterns of dance
Art and Politics What is art’s social role? What extent should art serve society?
Many art that shocks and offends in its time becomes accepted and valued later
Artists are seen as aloof from society, creating art for themselves and elites that makes fun of ordinary people.
Art and Communication
Art can convey several messages.o It can teach lessons the artist or society wantso Can lead to catharsis – intense emotional releaseo Most art is meant to create an enduring message
What role does the artist’s intent play in a work of art?
The Cultural Transition of the Arts
Appreciation of art depends on cultural background
Art is part of enculturation as well as formal education
What is aesthetically pleasing is based on culture Different cultures begin their teaching of the arts
at different ages
The Artistic Career In some societies children
are born into family lines that require art as a career
Other societies view art as a callingo They discover they have a
certain talent Artists must have some
kind of support in order to succeedo Family or other patrons
Arts are considered neither practical nor ordinary, relying on talent
Continuity and Change Art changes over time and some stay the same Some art survives (Greek plays and cave
paintings) while other goes away The idea of traditional vs. change Combinations from different cultures
Media and Culture Mass culture (also
called popular culture) spreads much quicker than before
Give a framework of common experiences to a culture
Media messages can be analyzed for their nature, symbolism, and effects
Media and Culture Media consumers select, evaluate, and interpret media in
way that make sense to them Popular culture can be used to express discontent and
resistance by groups who feel powerless or oppressed Parents will pick messages that reinforce their own opinions
and life choices Media gives connection to a wider world – real or imaginary
Sports and Culture How do sports and media reflect culture? How does sports and media influence culture?
(American) Football Huge spectator sport with
millions of fans Popularity based on mass
media, especially television Is football popular because
Americans are violent?o No…just a popular American
past timeo Features key aspects of
American life• Teamwork• Based on specialization and
division of labor
Sports travel well across countrieso Baseball popular in Japan
What Determines International Sports Success?
Why do certain countries excel at sports? Cultural values, social forces, and the media influence
international sports success Media can heighten interest in all kinds of sports
o In US, Super Bowl is a national event. o The Olympics get extensive coverageo The World Cup is the only sports event that consistently
draws huge national audiences in Brazil
Brazil vs. US In Brazil, outstanding athletes represent Brazilians
the same way Congress represents the US A win by a Brazilian team or individual is thought
to brig respect to the whole nationo The media is very intolerant of losers
• Brazil has fewer athletes than US so a single one has to summarize the entire country’s hopes
Being vs. Doing Some factors that contribute to
sports success is ascribed or achieved statuso Can’t do much about ascribed
status, you can change achieved status
In US, success comes through achievement – what you do
In Brazil, it comes from being, not doingo Identity rests on where you are
from (social class) and extended family
o Rules are not uniform across social classes
o Victories and sports are for the privileged few