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Today’s Warm Up
Turn in your homework.Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:
In your opinion, can there/will there every be peace between Israel and Palestine? Briefly explain.
Conflicts in the Middle East
Today’s LEQ: How have regional issues contributed to conflicts in the Middle East?
Main Idea…
Over the last few decades major conflicts have erupted in the Middle East
Regional issues contributing to these conflicts: Conflict between Israel and its neighbors Growth of Islamism Disputes over natural resources
Growth of Islamism
Islamism = a movement to reorder gov’t and society according to Islamic laws Islamists believe Muslim countries
strayed away from the path of true Islam Anti-Western
Extremists have used violence to bring about the changes they want
Revolution in Iran
By the 1970s, Iran was modernized
The shah had close ties to Western governments and oil companies
Anti-Western Islamists opposed the shah
Revolution in Iran
Protests were led by Shiite religious leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini Sunni vs. Shiite Muslims – differ on who was
to lead the Muslim nation after the death of Muhammad
Sunni = majority (85%); Shiite = minority (15%)
By 1979, the shah fled Iran Iran became an Islamist republic with
Khomeini as its leader Enforced strict social and religious values
Iranian Hostage Crisis
In 1979, the shah went to the U.S. for medical treatment
Iranian revolutionaries took 66 Americans hostage and demanded the shah be returned to Iran for trial Held for over a year!
Conflict in Iraq
Saddam Hussein assumed control of Iraq in 1979 Supported secular government over sharia (rule by Islamic law)
Feared Khomeini would gain support from Iraq’s majority Shiite population and overthrow his regime
Also at odds with Iran over the Shatt al-Arab waterway
Iran-Iraq War In 1980, Iraq
(Saddam Hussein) attacked Iran
Iran was an enemy of U.S. b/c of hostage crisis; we supported Iraq
Turned into a war of attrition – 500,000 dead on both sides
Iran and Iraq agreed to a cease-fire in 1988; ends in stalemate
Happy Monday
Grab a textbook and turn to page 562-563
Start working on Iranian Revolution Document Based Investigation
Complete questions for Documents 1-4 (skip essay question)
Oil in the Middle East
Oil wealth allowed economic development but also major source of conflict Some governments used
oil revenues to build up military and threaten their neighbors
Led outside nations to become involved
Soviet-Afghan War
1978, Afghanistan in a civil war between Afghan communists and Islamists
Soviet Union feared overthrow of a friendly, communist neighbor and invaded
Rebel forces led by Osama bin Laden fought to take back control (armed by weapons from the U.S.)
By 1988, the Soviets left; series of civil wars ensued with the Taliban taking control by 1996
Persian Gulf War
Early 1990, Iraq deep in debt from Iran-Iraq War – largest creditor was Kuwait, which had huge oil reserves
Hussein accused Kuwait of drilling in Iraqi oil field & launched invasion in August 1990
Persian Gulf War
UN & U.S. intervened
War only lasted Jan. to Feb. of 1991.
Retreating Iraqi’s set fire to oil wells in Kuwait
War on Terror
After attacks on 9/11 Pres. Bush declared “Global War on Terror” Term to describe military, political,
diplomatic, and economic measures employed by U.S. and other allies against those committing terrorists acts
Unconventional conflict – no boundaries, specific enemy, or clear end
War on Terror – Invasion of Afghanistan
9/11 terror attacks linked to Al Qaeda who received aid and shelter from Taliban regime in Afghanistan
October 2001, U.S. and coalition forces invaded Afghanistan to capture bin Laden, destroy Al Qaeda, and overthrow the Taliban
War on Terror – Invasion of Afghanistan
Results? In May 2011, Bin Laden was found and killed
in Pakistan Taliban overthrown; Afghanistan had first
presidential election in 2004 Taliban still poses serious challenges for
newly established Afghan government Obama recently announced withdrawal of all
U.S. troops by 2014 Your opinion – Should we have invaded? What is
Afghanistan’s future?
War on Terror – Invasion of Iraq
In 2003, the U.S. suspected Iraq of hiding weapons of mass destruction that could be supplied to terrorist
Hussein failed to fully comply with UN search, so U.S.-led coalition invaded Iraq
War on Terror – Invasion of Iraq Results?
Invasion was extremely controversial – no ties to Al Qaeda or weapons of mass destruction found; support for George W. Bush and War on Terror declined
Hussein caught, tried, and executed in 2006 Constitutional government set up with universal
suffrage; most recent election was in 2010 U.S. troops were removed by December 2011
Your opinion – Should we have invaded? What is Iraq’s future?