Slide 2 To examine the consequences of failing to under take
Manual Handling tasks correctly. OBJECTIVES To promote awareness of
the benefits of correct Manual Handling. Slide 3 WATCH VIDEO
DISCUSS ASPECTS OF VIDEO THEORY PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION PRACTICAL
TRAINING SUMMARY TEST COURSE OUT LINE Slide 4 Efficient Manual
Handling involves the movement of a load utilizing the KINETIC
METHOD. This involves the use of body and muscles in a relaxed and
efficient way. 30% of all reported industrial injuries are Manual
Handling related. There are 22,000 MANUAL HANDLING injuries each
year in the U.K. alone. Average time off work 14 days. Besides back
injuries there are also hernias, sprains and strains to the arms
and legs. INTRODUCTION Slide 5 The spine consists of 33 cylinders
of Bone called vertebrae. 7 - Cervical vertebrae - movable. 12 -
Thoracic vertebrae - movable. 5 - Lumber vertebrae - movable. 5 -
Sacrum verb - fused. 4 - Coccyx vertebrae - fused. Vertebrae become
larger in the lower lumber region. STRUCTURE OF THE SPINE Slide 6
Vertebrae consist of the vertebral and posterior vertebral arch
which surrounded the spinal canal. There are 22 interverebral discs
which are located between the movable vertebrae in the spine. Each
disc has two layers - A soft gel-like inner layer and a tough
fibrous outer layer. When a load is applied to the spine the discs
compress thus cushioning the vertebrae while transmitting load.
When the trunk leans sideways, backwards or forwards there an
immediate muscle activity to return and maintain its upright
posture. The combined spine and trunk system is flexible but fully
controlled. The discs may degenerate with aging e.g. The soft
center hardens. Slide 7 Damage to Intervertebral discs The most
common cause of back injury is caused by bending to lift a heavy
load. The bending action compresses the front of the disc resulting
in the disc protruding (slipped disc). A bent back action combined
with a twisting action can result in a ruptured disc where the
fibro-elastic layer is torn and the softer inside part escapes.
Trapped nerves and sciatica. When you lift with a bent back the
joints of the vertebrae are separated and the nerves can be trapped
when the back is straightened. Disc movement puts pressure on the
spinal cord this results in a condition called sciatica. LIFTING
RELATED INJURIES Slide 8 Long term spinal abuse and/or progressive
degeneration can mean that even a light lift can cause damage.
Stretching a muscle beyond its normal range can cause a strain.
Excessive exertion can weaken a joint and related ligaments and
cause a sprain. Lifting awkwardly can weaken the abdominal muscles
and cause a rupture or hernia. Conclusions. Unsatisfactory lifting
practices will cause long term pain and disability. Slide 9 MANUAL
HANDLING MECHANICS OF LIFTING Cantilever action. Cantilever action.
The effect of bending to lift a load is similar to that of a
cantilever. The effect of bending to lift a load is similar to that
of a cantilever. A cantilever is similar to a beam clamed at one
end in the horizontal position. A cantilever is similar to a beam
clamed at one end in the horizontal position. The load exerted on
the fixed (clamped) end depends on the weight and on the weights
position on the beam, with its resulting lever action. The load
exerted on the fixed (clamped) end depends on the weight and on the
weights position on the beam, with its resulting lever action.
SPINE HEAD ARMS CANTILEVER STRESS Slide 10 MANUAL HANDLING POSITION
OF THE SPINE You should regard the lower lumber region as the fixed
end of the beam. You should regard the lower lumber region as the
fixed end of the beam. The force exerted on the lower lumber
depends on the weight of the load and the distance of the load from
the base of the spine. The force exerted on the lower lumber
depends on the weight of the load and the distance of the load from
the base of the spine. With the back straight and nearly vertical
the horizontal distance is less therefore the force is small. With
the back straight and nearly vertical the horizontal distance is
less therefore the force is small. When the back is bent and out of
vertical the horizontal distance is greater thus force on the lower
lumber region is considerable greater. When the back is bent and
out of vertical the horizontal distance is greater thus force on
the lower lumber region is considerable greater. The main downward
forces exerted on the spine are. The main downward forces exerted
on the spine are. The weight of the trunk. The weight of the trunk.
The weight of the load. The weight of the load. The weight of the
head. The weight of the head. The greater the horizontal distance
these are from the base of the spine then the greater is the load.
The greater the horizontal distance these are from the base of the
spine then the greater is the load. Slide 11 MANUAL HANDLING
POSITION OF THE SPINE When you lift a 40 kg. load the force is nine
times greater if the back is bent. 360 kg. When you lift a 40 kg.
load the force is nine times greater if the back is bent. 360 kg.
The main loading on the spine is borne by the vertebrae and discs
of the lower lumber region. The main loading on the spine is borne
by the vertebrae and discs of the lower lumber region. A bending
action concentrates the load on a small area at the front of the
discs. A bending action concentrates the load on a small area at
the front of the discs. A sudden jerk at the start of the lift
increases that load up to 10 times. 3600 kg. A sudden jerk at the
start of the lift increases that load up to 10 times. 3600 kg.
Slide 12 LEVER LOAD THE LEVER IS LONG THEREFORE THE LOAD IS GREATER
MANUAL HANDLING Slide 13 LEVER LOAD THE LEVER IS SHORTER THEREFORE
THE LOAD IS LESS Slide 14 MANUAL HANDLING PREPARATION FOR LIFTING
Important checks Important checks - The load should be checked for
accessibility, weight, center of gravity and any moving parts.
Accessibility of load Accessibility of load - Assess the position
of the load with respect to nearby obstruction. - Adopt a position
where the load can be lifted correctly and carried forward without
obstruction. - Shift movable obstructions and slide load from
structural obstructions. - Position the load so that it can be
lifted and carried straight forward without any twisting movement.
Testing the weight Testing the weight - Assess the weight of the
load by lifting one side of the load using the correct lifting
technique. - If a component part is being used to lift the load
check that it is secure. - If the load is too heavy; get help or
use mechanical aid. Slide 15 MANUAL HANDLING PREPARATION FOR
LIFTING Canter of gravity Canter of gravity - Assess the position
of the center of gravity of the load and lift the load in a way
which keeps the center of gravity central to and close to the body.
Moving parts Moving parts - Check the load for any moving parts and
do not use these as lifting points. - Use proper lifting handles if
available or strong fixed points. Slide 16 MANUAL HANDLING CORRECT
LIFTING POSITION Position of feet Position of feet - The feet
should be close to the load approximately hip width apart. - The
lead foot should be slightly forward beside the load. - The weight
of the load acts vertically downward therefore if the feet are too
close together the center of gravity is outside of the base and
balance is hard to maintain - If the feet are too far away from the
load a bent back will result and the center of gravity will be too
far forward. Position of the knees Position of the knees -The knees
should be bent not far to keep the body at the correct height. -
The load is lifted by straightening the knees using the legs and
thigh muscles. Slide 17 MANUAL HANDLING CORRECT LIFTING POSITION
Position of the back Position of the back - The back should be kept
as straight as possible but may be canted forward out of the
vertical no more than an angle of about 15 to 20 deg. Position of
the head and chin Position of the head and chin - The head should
be raised by looking up and the chin pulled in. This helps lock the
top of the spine thus keeping the back straight. Position of the
arms Position of the arms - The arms should be kept as close to the
body as possible. Correct grip Correct grip - The load should be
grasped with the palms of the hands and the root of the fingers. -
The hands should be diagonally opposed. Slide 18 MANUAL HANDLING 10
POINT LIFTING GUIDE Assess the weight of the load - get help if
needed. Use mechanical aids provided. Assess the weight of the load
- get help if needed. Use mechanical aids provided. Size up job -
remove obstacles, note snags, ensure set down area is clear. Size
up job - remove obstacles, note snags, ensure set down area is
clear. Look for - splinters, projecting nails, wire and sharp
edges, ware gloves. Look for - splinters, projecting nails, wire
and sharp edges, ware gloves. Stand close to the object - feet 20
cm to 30 cm apart, one foot in advance of the other, in the
direction of travel. Stand close to the object - feet 20 cm to 30
cm apart, one foot in advance of the other, in the direction of
travel. Chin in - avoid moving head backward or forward. Chin in -
avoid moving head backward or forward. Bend knees to a crouched
position - keep back straight (not necessary vertical). Bend knees
to a crouched position - keep back straight (not necessary
vertical). Grip load at opposite corners with palm of hands and
roots of the fingers, arms close to the body. Grip load at opposite
corners with palm of hands and roots of the fingers, arms close to
the body. Lift with thigh muscles, look up, straightened legs. Lift
with thigh muscles, look up, straightened legs. Apply same
principles to pushing, pulling, digging or shoveling. Apply same
principles to pushing, pulling, digging or shoveling. Use the
reverse procedure to set down load. Use the reverse procedure to
set down load. Slide 19 Even a simple task can result in a serious
injury if manual handling is not carried out correctly. Slide 20
Housekeeping is a part of manual handling. Poor housekeeping will
result in increased manual handling hazards. Slide 21 You can get
away with incorrect manual handling procedures many times in one
day but eventually you will NOT get away with it and have an
accident. Slide 22 Three handles, three people pulling them. Slide
23 A perfect example of one right way to pull slips and one wrong
way. Slide 24 Planning and common sense being used for a manual
handling job. What are four things these guys have done right?
Slide 25 MANUAL HANDLING SUMMERY OBJECTIVES. OBJECTIVES. To promote
awareness and the consequences of failing to use THE CORRECT
LIFTING TECHNIQUES. To promote awareness and the consequences of
failing to use THE CORRECT LIFTING TECHNIQUES. Mechanics of
lifting. Mechanics of lifting. Correct lifting position. Correct
lifting position. 10 Point guideline to MANUAL LIFTING. 10 Point
guideline to MANUAL LIFTING. THERE IS NO MAGIC JUST FOLLOW THE 10
POINTS.
