Slide 1
Understanding Classification1Classification of Living
ThingsThere are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only
5% of all organisms that ever lived! New organisms are still being
found and identified today.
2What is Classification? Classification is the arrangement of
organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities
Classification is also known as taxonomy Taxonomists are scientists
that identify and name organisms
3Benefits of taxonomyTaxonomy has the benefit of classifying
organisms accurately and uniformly by assigning scientifically
based names It prevents misnomers such as starfish and jellyfish
that aren't really fish Uses same language (Latin or some Greek)
for all names
4Early Taxonomists2000 years ago, Aristotle was the first
taxonomist Aristotle divided organisms into plants & animalsHe
subdivided them by their habitat ---land, sea, or air dwellers
5John RayEarly Taxonomist, John Ray, a botanist, was the first
to use Latin for naming plantsHis names were very long descriptions
telling everything about the plant
6Carolus Linnaeus1707Carolus Linnaeus 1707 1778 18th century
taxonomist Classified organisms by their structure Developed naming
system still used today
7Carolus Linnaeus Called the Father of Taxonomy Developed the
modern system of naming known as binomial nomenclature Each
organism has a two-word name (Genus & species)
8Standardized Naming Binomial nomenclature uses Genus and
species namesLatin or Greek Italicized in print Capitalize genus,
but NOT species Underline when writing
Turdus migratorius
9Rules for Naming Organisms The International Code for Binomial
Nomenclature contains the rules for naming organisms All names must
be approved by International Naming Congresses (International
Zoological Congress) This prevents duplicate names
10Hierarchy of NamesThere is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from
broadest to most specific Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order,
Family, Genus, species
11DomainsBroadest, most inclusive groupThree domains Archaea and
Eubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or
membrane-bound organelles) Eukarya are more complex and have a
nucleus and membrane-bound organelles123 Domains
13Kingdoms
14ArchaeaArchaea live in harsh environments and may represent
the first cells to have evolved. Ancient life forms that still
survive todayFound in sewage treatment plants and thermal ventsLive
in areas without oxygen
15EubacteriaEubacteria, only some of which cause human diseases,
are present in almost all habitats on Earth. Many bacteria are
important environmentally and commercially. Eubacteria are found in
intestines and help break down food
16Domain EukaryaDomain Eukarya is Divided into Kingdoms Protista
(protozoans, algae) Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts ) Plantae
(multicellular plants) Animalia (multicellular animals)
17Kingdom Protista Most are unicellular Some are multicellular
Some are autotrophic, while others are heterotrophic
18Kingdom FungiMulticellular (except yeast)Heterotrophs
Decomposers
19Kingdom PlantaeMulticellular Autotrophic Absorb sunlight to
make glucose Photosynthesis Cell walls made of cellulose
20Kingdom AnimaliaMulticellular Heterotrophs Feed on plants
and/or animals
21
22CreditsM.Bregar (Dante
C.S.S.)http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Haeckel_Siphoneae.jpg/250px-http://www.oum.ox.ac.uk/thezone/animals/animalid/images/class7.gifhttp://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/dantescience-287709-classification-living-things-nomeclature-education-ppt-powerpoint/23
