The Great Paradox: Inequality, Discrimination and the Preference for an Activist Liberal State Some Results from the 2010 AmericasBarometer

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The Great Paradox:Inequality, Discrimination and the Preference for

an Activist Liberal State

Some Results from the 2010 AmericasBarometer

AmericasBarometer

www.AmericasBarometer.org

by LAPOP

Barómetrode las Américas

AmericasBarometer


by LAPOP


The AmericasBarometer

2004 2010

26 countries,

43,990 interviews

AmericasBarometer


by LAPOP


AmericasBarometer


by LAPOP


Donors 2010

Country Sample Size Sampling

Error Mexico/ Central America

Mexico 1,562 ±2.5%

Guatemala 1,504 ±2.5%

El Salvador 1,550 ±2.5%

Honduras 1,596 ±2.5%

Nicaragua 1,540 ±2.5%

Costa Rica 1,500 ±2.5%

Panama 1,536 ±2.5%

Andean/Southern Cone Colombia 1,506 ±2.5%

Ecuador 3,000 ±1.8%

Peru 1,500 ±2.5%

Bolivia 3,018 ±1.8%

Paraguay 1,166 ±2.9%

Chile 1,965 ±2.5%

Uruguay 1,500 ±2.5%

Brazil 2,882 ±1.8%

Venezuela 1,500 ±2.5%

Argentina 1,505 ±2.5%

Caribbean Belize 1,504 ±2.5%

Dominican Republic

1,500 ±2.5%

Guyana 1,540 ±2.5%

Haiti 1,752 (+4,248) ±2.4%

J amaica 1,499 ±2.5%

Suriname 1,500 ±2.5%

Trinidad & Tobago

1,503 ±2.0%

United States and Canada Canada 1,500 ±2.2%

United States

1,500 ±2.0%

Sample Size and

Confidence Intervals (National

Level)

AmericasBarometer


by LAPOP


AmericasBarometer


by LAPOP


Use of handheld computers:1. Reduces data entry errors

2. Allows for multiple languages3. Permits embedded experiments

Interview, Rural Honduras

Interviews, Urban Costa Rica

Country Reports: all

on-line, free

Insights Series &Americas Quarterly

Free subscriptions: [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Free on-line data analysis:www.LapopSurveys.org

Free on-line data analysis

Impact of Economic Inequality on Interpersonal Trust

0.85

0.81

0.76

0.70

0.64

0.57P-value<0.01

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00P

red

icte

d P

robabili

tyof Fin

din

g P

eople

in the N

eig

hb

orh

ood

Som

ew

hat

or

Ver

y T

rust

wort

hy

0.32 0.37 0.42 0.47 0.52 0.57

Gini Coefficient

Predicted Probability 95% CI

*Results based on a multilevel model for 22 countries(includes Canada and the United States); control variables included in the model

Source: based on Data from the AmericasBarometer 2006-2007 by LAPOPand the UNDP Human Development Report 2007 Controls: victim of crime, victim of

corruption, participation in civic groups, level of income, education, age, and sex

The color of discrimination

Impact of Face Color on Household Wealth

Source: AmericasBarometer by LAPOP, 2011

Color Palette, AmericasBarometer 2010

Social Tolerance in Comparative Perspective, 2010

D5. And now, changing the topic and thinking of homosexuals, how strongly do you approve or disapprove of such people being permitted to run for public office?

7.1

13.6

16.8

25.4

26.5

27.1

27.6

31.0

32.5

34.2

34.5

36.7

38.5

38.9

39.3

42.0

45.0

45.9

47.8

52.5

56.7

62.4

65.6

66.0

71.8

75.3

Haiti

Jamaica

Guyana

El Salvador

Dominican Republic

Paraguay

Trinidad & Tobago

Guatemala

Belize

Honduras

Panama

Bolivia

Ecuador

Peru

Nicaragua

Venezuela

Colombia

Mexico

Suriname

Costa Rica

Chile

Brazil

Argentina

Uruguay

United States

Canada

0 20 40 60 80

Approval of Homosexuals Running for Office

95% Confidence Interval (Design-Effects Based)

Source: AmericasBarometer by LAPOP

Same-sex marriage in Comparative Perspective, 2010D6. How strongly do you approve or disapprove of same-sex couples having the right to marry?

3.5

5.0

7.2

10.3

15.4

15.6

16.1

16.5

17.5

18.4

18.6

20.3

20.7

22.5

22.6

22.8

24.7

26.3

34.4

37.8

39.7

39.8

47.4

50.5

57.7

63.9

J amaicaHaiti

GuyanaEl Salvador

Trinidad & TobagoNicaraguaParaguay

GuatemalaBelize

EcuadorDominican Republic

SurinameCosta RicaVenezuelaHonduras

PanamaBolivia

PeruColombia

MexicoChile

BrazilUnited States

UruguayArgentina

Canada

0 20 40 60 80

Approval of Same-sex CouplesHaving the Right to Marry



Household Income Changes, 2008-2010 in the Americas

Increased?22.8%

Remained the same?49.9%

Decreased?27.3%

Over the past two years, has the income of your household:

Source: AmericasBarometer by LAPOPNote: Based on 25 countries (excludes Haiti).

Household Income Changes,2008-2010

14.5 45.4 40.1

15.0 35.1 50.0

16.1 60.5 23.4

16.3 47.3 36.4

17.9 45.1 37.0

18.0 45.7 36.2

18.3 64.9 16.8

21.0 57.2 21.8

21.8 60.7 17.5

24.1 51.5 24.4

24.1 56.6 19.3

26.0 51.8 22.2

26.8 47.9 25.3

28.6 59.0 12.5

29.5 44.5 26.0

29.7 47.7 22.6

31.8 52.7 15.4

32.2 54.8 13.0

34.4 49.5 16.1

35.3 54.8 9.9

36.4 50.2 13.4

36.7 39.3 24.0

40.6 47.4 12.0

41.1 38.9 20.1

45.2 37.1 17.6

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

SurinameUruguayPanama

BrazilTrinidad & Tobago

GuyanaBolivia

Costa RicaChile

ParaguayPeru

ColombiaVenezuela

BelizeCanada

ArgentinaEcuador

GuatemalaNicaraguaHonduras

MexicoUnited States

El SalvadorDominican Republic

J amaica


Decreased same Increased

Note: Based on 25 countries (excludes Haiti).

Decrease in household income, by area of residence and level of wealth:

crisis hurt the poor the most

25.9%

28.6%

0

10

20

30

40

Perc

ent of P

eop

le w

ho R

ep

ort

ed

a D

ecre

ase

in H

ouse

hold

Incom

e

Urban Rural

Urban/Rural

34.7%

31.1%

26.3%

22.8%

18.7%

0

10

20

30

40

Perc

ent of P

eop

le w

ho R

ep

ort

ed

a D

ecre

ase

in H

ouse

hold

Incom

e

1 2 3 4 5

Quintiles of wealth


95% Confidence Interval (Design-Effect Based)

Note: Based on 25 countries (excludes Haiti).

“The (Country) government, more than the private sector, should be primarily responsible for creating jobs.”

1-4: Disagree5-7: Agree

26.7%

44.4%

59.6%

67.6%

69.8%

75.0%

75.6%

76.2%

78.2%

78.6%

78.9%

81.2%

82.7%

83.6%

84.0%

84.9%

85.5%

85.5%

86.4%

86.6%

88.2%

88.8%

88.9%

89.2%

89.7%

89.8%

United States

Canada

Haiti

Panama

Honduras

Trinidad & Tobago

Venezuela

PeruBrazil

BoliviaArgentina

Guatemala

El Salvador

Mexico

Jamaica

Suriname

Uruguay

Guyana

Costa Rica

Ecuador

Colombia

Dominican Republic

Nicaragua

Chile

Paraguay

Belize

0 20 40 60 80 100

State responsible for job creation



“The (Country) government should implement strong policies to reduce income inequality between the rich and the poor.”


39.0%

58.9%

65.2%

68.2%

68.8%

74.6%

77.3%

78.2%

78.5%

79.0%

79.1%

80.0%

80.5%

80.9%

82.3%

82.6%

83.4%

85.3%

85.9%

86.3%

86.6%

87.0%

87.6%

89.6%

90.0%

93.1%

United States

Haiti

Canada

Honduras

Venezuela

Bolivia

Peru

BelizePanama

JamaicaGuatemala

Argentina

Trinidad & Tobago

Guyana

El Salvador

Nicaragua

Ecuador

Mexico

Brazil

Dominican Republic

Colombia

Paraguay

Costa Rica

Suriname

Uruguay

Chile

0 20 40 60 80 100

State should reduce inequality



“The (Country) government, more than the private sector, should be primarily responsible for providing retirement pensions.”


34.1%

62.6%

64.0%

71.4%

75.3%

78.1%

78.8%

79.2%

80.3%

81.1%

82.5%

84.2%

84.7%

86.2%

86.4%

86.8%

86.8%

87.0%

87.1%

87.9%

90.0%

90.2%

90.2%

92.0%

92.6%

93.3%

United States

Haiti

Canada

Honduras

Panama

Peru

Venezuela

BoliviaArgentina

GuatemalaBrazil

Mexico

Trinidad & Tobago

Jamaica

Ecuador

El Salvador

Colombia

Guyana

Suriname

Dominican Republic

Costa Rica

Nicaragua

Belize

Paraguay

Uruguay

Chile

0 20 40 60 80 100

State responsible for pensions



“The (Country) government, more than the private sector should be primarily responsible for providing health care services.”


43.0%

65.1%

74.7%

78.7%

82.3%

82.4%

83.7%

83.8%

83.9%

87.0%

87.7%

89.7%

89.9%

90.5%

90.5%

90.7%

91.2%

91.3%

91.5%

91.8%

92.5%

92.6%

92.6%

93.4%

93.8%

96.0%

United States

Haiti

Honduras

Panama

Venezuela

Peru

Canada

ArgentinaBolivia

BrazilGuatemala

Mexico

Trinidad & Tobago

Costa Rica

Ecuador

Jamaica

Colombia

Dominican Republic

Guyana

Belize

El Salvador

Nicaragua

Uruguay

Suriname

Chile

Paraguay

0 20 40 60 80 100

State responsible for health care



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AmericasBarometer


by LAPOP


AmericasBarometer


by LAPOP


http://www.lapopsurveys.org/

mailto:[email protected]

www.LapopSurveys.org

Documents

The Great Paradox: Inequality, Discrimination and the Preference for an Activist Liberal State Some Results from the 2010 AmericasBarometer