The cerebrum or cortex is the largest part of the human brain,
associated with higher brain function such as thought and action.
The cerebrum controls voluntary movement, speech, intelligence,
memory, emotion, and sensory processing.
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The cerebral cortex is divided into four lobes: The frontal
lobe (double face-palm) is associated with reasoning, planning,
parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving. The
parietal lobe (hands on head) is associated with movement,
orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli.
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The occipital lobe (getting comfortable) is associated with
visual processing. The temporal lobe (Im not listening ) is
associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli,
memory, and speech.
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The corpus callosum is the part of the mind that allows
communication between the two hemispheres of the brain. It is
responsible for transmitting neural messages between both the right
and left hemispheres.
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The limbic system, often referred to as the "emotional brain",
is found buried within the cerebrum. This system contains the
thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus.
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The thalamus is often referred to as the switchboard of the
brain. Almost all sensory information enters this structure where
neurons send that information to its final destination. Axons from
every sensory system (except olfaction) synapse here as the last
relay site before the information reaches the cerebral cortex.
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The hypothalamus is involved in functions including
homeostasis, emotion, thirst, hunger, circadian rhythms, and
control of the autonomic nervous system. In addition, it controls
the pituitary.
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The amygdala is located in the temporal lobe; involved in
memory, emotion, and fear.
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The hippocampus is part of the temporal lobe. This part of the
brain is important for learning and memory, for converting short
term memory to more permanent memory, and for recalling spatial
relationships in the world about us.
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The cerebellum, or "little brain", is similar to the cerebrum
in that it has two hemispheres and has a highly folded surface or
cortex. This structure is associated with regulation and
coordination of movement, posture, and balance.
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The brain stem is located underneath the limbic system. This
structure is responsible for basic vital life functions such as
breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure. Scientists say that this
is the "simplest" part of human brains because animals' entire
brains, such as reptiles, resemble our brain stem. The brain stem
is made of the midbrain, pons, and medulla.
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The midbrain, or mesencephalon, is involved in functions such
as vision, hearing, eye movement, and body movement. The anterior
part has the cerebral peduncle, which is a huge bundle of axons
traveling from the cerebral cortex through the brain stem and these
fibers (along with other structures) are important for voluntary
motor function.
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The pons is part of the metencephalon in the hindbrain. It is
involved in motor control and sensory analysis. For example,
information from the ear first enters the brain in the pons. It has
parts that are important for the level of consciousness and for
sleep. Some structures within the pons are linked to the
cerebellum, thus are involved in movement and posture.
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The medulla oblongata is responsible for maintaining vital body
functions, such as breathing and heart rate.
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Broca's area is usually associated with the production of
language, or language outputs. Wernicke's area, which is located in
the temporal lobe, is associated with the processing of words that
we hear being spoken, or language inputs.