= tpj;aghujp nkl;hpf; Nky;epiyg;gs;sp> rf;fuhk;ghisak;. Page 1

ஸ்ரீ வித்யபாரதி மெட்ரிக் மெல்நிலைப்பள்ளி> rf;fuhk;ghisak;> mfuk; (po)>vyr;rpg;ghisak;>

jpUr;nrq;NfhL (Tk) ehkf;fy;(Dt) 637202. Cell :99655-31727, 99655-35967

nghJj;Njh;T> khh;r; - 2019 TENTATIVE ANSWER KEY

tFg;G – 11 nghJj;jkpo; kjpg;ngz; :90

t. vz;

tpil MARK TOTAL

MARK

I. gyTs; njhpf. (midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil jUf.)

6x1=6

1 m) kPuh 1

2 M) kUe;njd Ntz;lhthk; ahf;iff;F mUe;jpaJ Mw;wJ Nghw;wp czpd;

1

3 m) eluhrd; 1

4 ,) tiu 1

5 M) $w;Wfs; ,uz;Lk; rhp 1

6 m) clk;ig tsh;j;Njd; caph; tsh;j;NjNd - jpU%yh; 1

II. midj;J tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil jUf. 8x1=8

7 m) tpy;nyhbe;jJ 1

8 ,) Mrphpa chpr;rPh; 1

9 <) thbthry; - m. Kj;Jypq;fk; 1

10 M) vz;Zk;ik 1

11 ,) Mtzk; 1

12 M) nfhs;Nthd; 1

13 M) kfpo;r;rp 1

14

*

M) tpy;ypghujj;jpy;> „#hpadpd; Njhd;wy;‟ vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLgth; ahh;? (Gj;jf gf;fk; vz;: 238 - xw;iw Nkw;Nfhs;Fwp tUk; ,lq;fs; tpjpfs; gb (M) rhpahdJ) <) tpy;ypghujj;jpy; “#hpadpd; Njhd;wy;” vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLgth; ahh;? (Gj;jf gf;f vz;: 239 - 4 tJ xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhtpd; gb (<) rhpahdJ

1

Namma Kalviwww.nammakalvi.org

= tpj;aghujp nkl;hpf; Nky;epiyg;gs;sp> rf;fuhk;ghisak;. Page 2

III.

m) FWtpdh(vitNaDk; %d;wDf;F kl;Lk;) 3x2=6

15 jkpoh;fs; Gfo; gopia vt;thW Vw;wjhfg; GwehD}W $WfpwJ? Gfo;: jkpoh;> Gfo; fpl;Lkhapd; jk; caphpidAk; nfhLg;gh;. gop: gop fpl;Ltjhdhy; mjdhy; cyfk; KOtJk; ngWtjha; ,Ue;jhYk; nfhs;shjth; vd;W GwehD}W $WfpwJ.

1 1

2

16 „Vty; kWf;Fk; rpWtpisahl;b mwpTk; xOf;fKk; ahz;Lzh;e; jds;nfhy;‟ - ,t;tbfs; ,lk;ngw;w E}y; vJ? Mrphpah; ahh;? ,t;tbfs; ,lk;ngw;w E}y; - ew;wpiz Mrphpah; - Nghjdhh;

1 1

2

17 ‘ghapuk;’ gw;wp eP mwpAk; fUj;J ahJ? E}iy cUthf;Fk; Mrphpahpd; rpwg;igAk;> me;E}y; toq;Fk; fUj;J tsj;ijAk; njhFj;J E}y; Kfg;gpy; itf;Fk; Kiw gw;wpg; NgRtJ ghapukhFk;.

2

18 rpq;fp ngw;w ghpRg; nghUs;fsha;f; Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp $Wtd ahit? rpyk;G

jz;il

ghlfk; nfr;rk; fhyhop

2

M) FWtpdh(vitNaDk; ,uz;lDf;F kl;Lk;)

2x2=4

19

Ie;J tptrha ke;jpuq;fs; vit? cog;ghlhj epyk; ,uhrhad cuk; ,y;yhj cw;gj;jp g+r;rpf;nfhy;yp njspf;fg;glhj g+r;rpf;nfhy;yp njspf;fhj gaph;g; ghJfhg;G jz;zPh; epWj;jhj ney; rhFgb xl;Ltpij ,y;yhky; caph; tpisr;ry; vd;Dk; Ie;J ke;jpuq;fis cyfpw;F toq;fpdhh;.

2

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20 ,e;jpaf; fl;llf;fiyapd; %d;W tiffs; ahit? ,e;jpaf; fl;llf;fiyapd; %d;W tiffs; ehfuk;> Ntruk;> jpuhtplk; vd;gd MFk;.

2

21 ehl;Lg;Gwj;jpYk; gl;lzj;jpYk; rpwe;J tpsq;Ftjha;j; jh$h; vtw;iwf; $Wfpwhh;? ehl;Lg;Gwk;: ehl;Lg;Gwj;jpy; vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpOq;f ty;y khngUk; ,aw;ifNa rpwe;J tpsq;FfpwJ. gl;lzk;: gl;lzj;jpNyh kdpj rKjhae;jhd; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhaj; jiyJ}f;fp epw;fpwJ vd;fpwhh;> jh$h;. mq;Nf kdpjDila nfh^ukhd jd;ik ntspg;gLfpwJ. jd; RfJf;fj;jpw;F kd; kw;w caph;fspd; RfJf;fq;fisg; gw;wp kdpjd; vz;ZtJ$l ,y;iy.

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2

IV. m) FWtpdh(vitNaDk; VoDf;F kl;Lk;) 7x2=14

22 VNjDk; xd;wDf;Fg; gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; vOJf. m) mioj;jhd; – mio + j; + j; + Md;

mio – gFjp j; - re;jp j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy Md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp M) kype;j – kyp + j;(e;) + j; + m

kyp – gFjp j;(e;) - re;jp (e; MdJ tpfhuk;) j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy m - nganur;r tpFjp

1 1 1 1

2

23 VNjDk; xd;wDf;F Gzh;r;rp tpjp jUf. m) jpUtb – jpU + mb tpjp 1 : Vida caph; thpd; tt;Tk; tpjp 2 : cly;Nky; caph;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;G M) fUq;fly; – fUik + fly; tpjp 1 : <WNghjy; tpjp 2 : ,dkpfy;

1 1 1 1

2

24 kuGg; gpiofis ePf;fp vOJf. fsp kapy; mfTk;@ Gs;spf; fUq;Fapy; $Tk;.

1 1

2

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25 nka;g;Gj; jpUj;jf; FwpaPLfSf;F chpa nghUisj; jUf. m) tpdhf;Fwp milahsk; ,lTk; M) xw;iw Nkw;Nfhs; FwpapLf

1

1

2

26 tpFjpiaf; nfhz;L Mf;fg; ngaiuf; fz;lwpf. m) mwpitj; Njbg;NghFkplk; cyfk; mwpa cjTkplk; (mfk;) - E}yfk;. M) te;jhy; kfpo;r;rp ,J cioj;jhy; fpilf;Fk; ,J (khdk;) - tUkhdk;

1 1

2

27 tpilf;Nfw;w tpdh mikf;fTk; m) jkpo; ,jopay; Jiwapy; Kjd;Kjyhff; fUj;jJg;glq;fis mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; ahh;? M) ePyNfrp vd;gJ vf;fhg;gpaq;fSs; xd;W? (Vw;w tpdh mikj;jpUg;gpd; kjpg;ngz; toq;fyhk;)

1 1

2

28 Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;L vOJf. m) GwehD}W vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fSs; xd;W. Gwj;jpiz rhh;e;j ehD}W ghly;fisf; nfhz;lJ. M) vz;tifr; rpj;jpfisf; iftug; ngw;wth;fs; rpj;jh;fs;

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2

29 kaq;nfhypr; nrhw;fspd; nghUswpe;J nrhw;nwhlh; mikf;fTk; fid> fiz - fidj;Jf; nfhz;Nl Xba Fjpiu kPJ vtNuh njhLj;j fiz gha;e;jJ. (nghUj;jkhd nrhw;nwhlh; mikj;jpUg;gpd; kjpg;ngz; toq;fyhk;)

2

30

*

fiyr;nrhy;yhf;fk; - nghUs; jUf. nghUs; njhpe;j gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fSf;Fj; jha;nkhopapy; Kd;Ng cs;s nrhw;fis milahsk; fhl;bAk; Njitahd ,lj;jpy; Gjpjhfr; nrhw;fis cUthf;fpAk; jUtJ fiyr;nrhy;yhf;fk; MFk;. v.fh: Mobile Phone - miyNgrp (fiyr;nrhy;yhf;fk; - nghUs;zP jUf. vd;W tpdh jtwhf cs;sJ)

2

V rpWtpdh( vitNaDk; ,uz;lDf;F tpil jUf. 2x4=8

31 cah;jkpio capnud;W Nghw;Wkpd;fs; - ,lk; Rl;bg; nghUs; tpsf;fk; jUf. ,lk;: ghujpjhrdpd; Gul;rpf;ftp vd;Dk; E}ypy;

nfhiyj;jz;lid tpjpf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhiyf;fsj;jpy;

2

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epWj;jg;gl;l cjhud;. mq;Ff; $bapUe;Njhhplk; rpy

nrhw;fs; Ngrpdhd;. “ahdwpe;j jkpNo vd; kuzj;Jf;Ff;

fhuzk; vd kf;fs; jkpio ,fOthh;fNsh! kf;fNs>

khR ,y;yhj cah;e;j jkpio capuhfg; Nghw;Wq;fs;”

vd;w Ntz;bdhd;.

nghUs;:

cah;e;j jkpio cq;fspd; capuhfg; Nghw;Wq;fs;.

tpsf;fk;:

“ehd; jkpowpe;jtd; vd;gjhy; Nte;jd; jd;

kfSf;Ff; ftpij fw;gpf;f mioj;jhd;@ ehd;

jkpo;f;ftpQd; vd;gjhy; mKjty;ypAk; vd;idf;

fhjypj;jhs;. mKjk; vd;W ghuhl;lg;gLk; jkpo; vdJ

kuzj;Jf;Ff; fhuzkhdJ vd;W ,r;rKjhak;

epidj;jpLNkh? vdJ jha;nkhopf;F mg;gb xU gop

te;jpby; rfpg;NgNdh? kf;fNs> cq;fis xd;W

Ntz;Lfpd;Nwd;. khR ,y;yhj cah;e;j jkpio

cq;fspd; capuhfg; Nghw;Wq;fs;. ,JNt vdJ

Ntz;LNfhshFk;” vd;W Koq;fpdhd;. cjhud;.

1

1

4

32 Ky;iyj; jpizf;Fhpa Kjw;nghUs;> fUg;nghUs;fis

ml;ltizg;gLj;Jf.

Kjw;nghUs;

epyk; : fhLk; fhL rhh;e;j ,lKk;

nghOJ :

rpWnghOJ : khiy

ngUk;nghOJ : fhh;fhyk;

fUg;nghUs;:

nja;tk; : khNahd;(jpUkhy;)

kf;fs; : Mah;> Ma;r;rpah;

Gs; : fhl;Lf;Nfhop

tpyq;F : khd;> Kay;

Ch; : ghb

ePh; : FWQ;Rid> fhdhW

G+ : Ky;iy> Njhd;wp

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4

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= tpj;aghujp nkl;hpf; Nky;epiyg;gs;sp> rf;fuhk;ghisak;. Page 6

kuk; : nfhd;iw> fhah> FUj;jk;

czT : tuF> rhik

giw : VWNfhl;giw

aho; : Ky;iyaho;

gz; : Ky;iyg;gz; (rhjhhp)

njhopy; : tuF tpijj;jy; Mepiu Nka;j;jy;

(vitNaDk; 7 vOjpapUg;gpd; kjpg;ngz; toq;fyhk;)

33 i`f;$ ftpijfs;> jj;jtg; nghUis ntspf;

nfhzUk; El;gj;jpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.

tho;f;if vspaJ@ ,dpaJ. mjid mjd;

Nghf;fpy; thotpl Ntz;Lk;. ,aw;if Nguhw;wy;

kpf;fJ. m/J md;Gk; NeaKk; fUizAk;

NguoFk; kpf;fJ. ,aw;ifapd; Nguoif kdpjh;fs;

jq;fspd; ,jaj;jhy; czu Ntz;Lk;.

,t;thW ,aw;if> kdpjd;> tho;f;if vd

Kg;ghpkhzr; rpe;jidfis kpfTk; jj;Jt

Nehf;fpy; ntspapLtd i`f;$ ftpijfs; MFk;.

tho;f;ifapy; vJTk; epue;jkhdjd;W. xd;iw

,oe;jhYk; ,aw;if> ,d;ndhd;iwf; nfhz;L

epug;gptpLk; vd;w cahpa jj;Jtf; fUj;J i`f;$

ftpijfspy; ntspg;gLfpd;wd.

„tpOe;j kyh;

fpisf;Fj; jpUk;GfpwJ

mllh! tz;zj;Jg;G+r;rp‟ – NkhhplhNf.

,aw;ifapd; mikg;gpy; vJTk; gadw;wJ md;W@

xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; xU kjpg;G cz;L. ehk; me;j

kjpg;igf; fz;Lnfhz;lhy; tho;f;if ,dpjhf

,Uf;Fk;.

,iyAjph; fhyj;jpd; xU khiyg;nghOjpy;

gl;Lg;Nghd xU kuj;jpd; fpisapy; fhfk; mkh;e;J

Xa;ntLf;fpwJ. kuNkh gl;Lg;Nghd kuk;. m/J ,dp

epoy; jug;Nghjpy;iy. Mdhy;> fisg;gile;j xU

fhf;if Xa;ntLf;f ,lkspf;fpwJ.

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,t;thW mlh;j;jpahd jj;Jtf; fUj;Jfis

vspa nkhopapy; ntspg;gLj;Jk; gz;G i`f;$

ftpijfSk; cz;L.

M) rpWtpdh( vitNaDk; ,uz;lDf;F tpil jUf.) 2x4=8

34 jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fy;tp Fwpj;J ePtph; mwpe;j

nra;jpfis tpsf;Ff.

jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fy;tp Fwpj;J ahk; mwpe;j

nra;jpfs;:

fy;tp fw;fg; gphpe;J nry;tJ Xjw;gphpT -

njhy;fhg;gpak;.

fy;tpapdhy; ngUkpjk; Njhd;Wk; - njhy;fhg;gpak;.

Mrphpah; - khzth; Mfpath;f;fhd ,yf;fzq;fs; -

njhy;fhg;gpak;> ed;D}y;.

cw;Wop cjtpAk; cWnghUs; nfhLj;Jk; gpw;iw

epiy KdpahJ fw;wy; ed;W -GwehD}W.

Jizaha; tUtJ J}a ew;fy;tp - jpUke;jpuk;.

fy;tp moNf moF - ehybahh;.

,sikapy; fy; - xsitahh;.

(vitNaDk; ehd;F vOjpapUg;gpd; KO kjpg;ngz;

toq;fyhk;)

4

35 Mde;juq;fh; tuyhw;W Mrphpah; vd;gijg; ghlg;gFjp

top vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.

ehl;Fwpg;G

Mde;juq;fUk; jk; ehl;Fwpg;gpy;> xU epfo;T ve;j

Mz;L> ve;jj; jpq;fs;> ve;jf; fpoik> ve;Neuk;>

vt;tplj;jpy; epfo;e;jJ vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.

ehza mr;rbg;G

10.09.1736 Mk; ehs; Fwpg;G gpnuQ;R MSeh;

^kh]; ehz mr;rbg;G chpikag; ngw;wij

tpsf;FfpwJ. ,e;j chpikiag; ngWtjw;fhf MSeh;

nrytopj;j ngUe;njhifiaAk; Mde;juq;fh;

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.

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Mw;fhL ethG:

gpnuQ;Rf;fg;gy; jsgjp nyg+h;njhNd

Mq;fpNyahpd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,Ue;j nrd;idia> 1746

,y; ifg;gw;wpaijAk; mjdhy; rpdKw;w Mw;fhL

ethG md;gh;jPd;fhdpd; %j;j kfd; kfg+];fhd;

gpnuQ;R muir vjph;j;Jg; Nghhpl;lijAk; Nehpy; fz;L

ciug;gJNghy; ehl;Fwpg;gpy; $wpAs;shh;.

gilnaLg;Gk; Kw;WifAk;:

Njtdhk;gl;lzj;ijf; ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhf

Mq;fpNyah;kPJ gpnuQ;R muR elj;jpa gilnaLg;G>

Gfo; ngw;w Mk;G+h;g; Nghh;> jQ;irf; Nfhl;ilkPJ

elj;jpa Kw;Wif> ,uhgh;l; fpistpd; gilnaLg;G>

Mq;fpNyah; GJr;Nrhpia Kw;Wif ,l;lJ

Kjyhdtw;iw tuyhw;W Mrphpah; Nghd;W Mde;juq;fh;

jk; ehl;Fwpg;gpy; tpsf;fpf; $wpAs;shh;.

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36 [Pthtpd; Ngr;Reil Fwpj;Jr; Re;juuhkhrhkp $Wtd

ahit?

[Pth Nkilapy; NgRk;NghJ ntspg;gLk; cj;jpfSk;

Ngr;ir mikj;jpLk; moFk; GJikAk; espdKk;

kpf;fit MFk;.

Ngr;Rf;fiygw;wp vOjg;gl;l Gj;jfq;fspy;

$wg;gl;Ls;s tpjpfis [Pth xUNghJk;

gpd;gw;wajpy;iy.

[Pth> ahiuAk; gpd;gw;wp> me;jg; ghzpapy; Ngr

khl;lhh;@ jkJ Ngr;Rf;fiyia mth; gpwhplk; fw;wJk;

,y;iy.

ek; ehl;L kf;fspd; juj;ijAk; mDgt mwpitAk;

gof;ftof;fq;fisAk; ek;gpf;iffisAk; ed;whfj;

njhpe;J Ngrpath;. mth; NgRk; tp\aj;ijj;

fiyNehf;fj;NjhLk; fw;gidj; jpwj;NjhLk;

ntspg;gLj;jp ntw;wp fz;lhh;.

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VI vitNaDk; %d;wDf;F tpil jUf. 3x4=12

37 cUtf mzp mzp ,yf;fzk;: ctikf;Fk; nghUSf;Fk; NtWghbapd;wp ctikapidNa nghUshff; $WtJ cUtf mzp vdg;gLk;. ,jpy; ctNkag; nghUs; Kd;Dk; ctikg; nghUs; gpd;Dk; mikAk;. rhd;W: ,untd;Dk; Vkhg;gpy; Njhzp funtd;Dk; ghh;jhf;fg; gf;F tpLk;. rhd;W tpsf;fk;: tWikf;fliyf; flf;f xUtd; iff;nfhz;l ,uj;jyhfpa fhty; ,y;yhj glF> mjd;fz; nry;Yk;NghJ fuj;jy; vd;Dk; ghiw jhf;Fkhapd; gpse;JtpLk; vd;gjhFk;. mzpg; nghUj;jk;: ,f;Fwspy; ,uj;jiyg; glfhfTk;> fuj;jiyg; ghiwahfTk; cUtfg;gLj;jpf; $wpajhy; ,/J cUtf mzpahFk;.

(my;yJ)

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4

gpwpJnkhopjy; mzpiar; rhd;Wld; tpsf;Ff. mzp ,yf;fzk;: ftpQd; xU nra;Aspy; ctikia kl;Lk; $wp> ctNkaj;ijg; ngw itg;gJ gpwpJ nkhopjy; mzpahFk;. rhd;W “gPypnga; rhfhLk; mr;rpWk; mg;gz;lk; rhy kpFe;Jg; ngapd;” rhd;W tpsf;fk;: kpf nkd;ikahd kapypwif msTf;F mjpfkha; tz;bapy; Vw;wpdhy; mr;Rk; Khpe;JtpLk;. mzpg;nghUj;jk;: kpf nkd;ikahd kapypwif msTf;F mjpfkha; tz;bapy; Vw;wpdhy; mr;Rk; Khpe;JtpLk;. ,e;j ctikapypUe;J typatiu vspath; gyh; $b ntd;WtpLth; vd;Dk; ctNkak; ngwg;gLfpwJ. mjdhy;> ,J gpwpJ nkhopjy; mzpahFk;. (ghlg;gFjpapy; cs;s NtW gpwpJ nkhopjyzp vOjpapUg;gpd; kjpg;ngz; toq;fyhk;)

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38 nfhLf;fg;gl;l gj;jpiag; gbj;J njhlUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpil jUf. m) rpwe;j tuyhw;W Mrphpah;> eLepiy gpwohj Ma;thsh;> nkhopapay; mwpQh;> ,yf;fpaj; jpwdha;thsh; vd;nwy;yhk; Nghw;wg;gl;l gd;Kfr; rpwg;Gf; nfhz;lth;. M) fpwpj;jtKk; jkpOk;> rkzKk; jkpOk;> ngsj;jKk; jkpOk; ,) <Wnfl;l vjph;kiw nganur;rk; <) efuhl;rpg; gs;sp Mrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpath; - kapiy. rPdp. Ntq;flrhkp

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39 tho;f;if epfo;tpy; gonkhop

gonkhop tpsf;fk;

Vw;w tho;f;if epfo;tpidf; fij tbtpy; vOJjy;

2 2

4

40 jkpohf;fk; jUf.

m) gz;ghL kf;fis cUthf;fhJ@ kf;fs; gz;ghl;il cUthf;Ffpwhh;fs;. M) ,aw;ifapy; xsp> tz;zq;fisg; gilf;Fk;@ glq;fspy; tz;zq;fs; xspia cUthf;Fk;. ,) vd;Dila mDkjpapd;wp ahUk; vd;idj; Jd;GWj;j KbahJ. <) Ntiy nra;Ak; NghJ ePq;fs; Ntiy nra;Aq;fs;. tpisahLk; NghJ tpisahlyhk;.

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VII neLtpdh (,UgJ thpfspy;) 2x6=12

41

ghjrhhpfspd; topeilg;ghlyhff; fhtbr;rpe;J cs;sJ- ,f;$w;iw mz;zhkiyahhpd; ghly;top kjpg;gPL nra;f Fd;WNjhWk; Nfhtpy; nfhz;ltd;: Fd;WNjhWk; Nfhtpy; nfhz;bUg;gtd;> Fkud;. mtd; mbahh;fs; Mz;LNjhWk; fhtbnaLj;Jr; nrd;W> fdpe;JUfp mtd; jpUtbfisg; gzpe;J> fhzpf;if nrYj;jptpl;L> kdepiwNthL jk; kid Nehf;fpr; nry;th; gt Neha; Nghf;Fk; ghyd;: gy fhj J}uj;jpy;> jk; gt Nehiag; Nghf;Fk; rptghyd; vOe;jUspapUg;gpDk;> mtd; mbahh;fs; gyehs; fhy;eilahfNt ele;J

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nrd;W> mtidj; jhprpj;J> mtd; ,U gjkyiuj; jk; jiyapy; #Lth;. Nrhh;itg; Nghf;Fk; RWRWg;ig cz;lhf;Fk;: ,g;gbg; gyehs; ele;J nry;tjhy; fhy; typ Vw;gLk;: fisg;G cz;lhFk;: Nrhh;T Vw;gLk;: cs;sj; jsh;r;rp jiyJ}f;Fk;. ,j;jifa clw;Wd;gq;fis kwe;J> cw;rhfk; nfhs;tjw;fhf cUthf;fg;l;litNa> fhtbr;rpe;Jg; ghly;fs;. vspjpy; trg;gLk; ghly;fs;: mg;ghly;fs; gz;ila nra;As; eilapy; ,Ue;jhy; mtw;iw kdj;jpy; gjpg;gjw;Fk; tha;tpl;L vspjpy; ghLtjw;Fk; ,ayhJ. vdNt> fhtbg;ghly;fs; vspa nrhw;fspy;> xU juk; Nfl;lhy; kWKiw vspjpy; ghLtjw;Nfw;w re;j eilapy; mike;jpUf;fpwJ. mg;ghly;fis xU Kiw xUth; ghLtijf; Nfl;lhy; kw;wtUk; re;j eilapy; mike;jpUf;fpwJ. mg;ghly;fis xU Kiw xUth; ghLtijf; Nfl;lhy; kw;wtUk; ehKk; ghl Ntz;Lk; vd ce;Jk; tifapy; vJif Nkhid mikg;igf; nfhz;L jpfo;fpd;wd. „ ;jd;dj; jdjdjhdh - jd jd;dj; jdjd jhdh” ,e;jr; re;j mikg;ig ,uz;L %d;W Kiw jpUk;gj; jpUk;gr; nrhd;dhy; mJ iftrg; gl;LtpLk;. ,Nj nkl;by; mike;jJjhd;. “nrd;dp Fsefh; thrd;- jkpo; NjWk; mz;zhkiy jhrd;” vd;Dk; ghly; mb. mLj;J tUk; mb tpiue;j eilapidf; nfhz;ljha; cs;sJ. m/jhtJ “jddd;d jddd;d jddd;d jddd;d jhdh – jd;dj; jhdh” vd;Dk; nkl;by; mike;Js;sJ. ,ijAk; xhpU Kiw tha;tpl;Lg; gbj;jhy; ghl;bd; eil> ifte;j fiyahfptpLk;. ,e;jr; re;j xirapy;> ,g;NghJ “nrfnkr;rpa kJuf;ftp ajidg;Ga tiuapw;Gid jPud;: mapy;tPud;” ,t;tbiag; ghbdhy; > ghl;bd; eil jd;tag;gl;LtpLk;.

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,g;gb vspa nkl;by; fhtbr;rpe;Jg; ghly;fs; mike;Js;sd. neQ;rpy; epiyepwj;Jk; vJif!: NkYk;> ghly;fspy; ,Wjpr; rPh;fspy; thrd;- jhrd;> jPud;> tPud;> Nfrd;- Nerd;> thNj-khNj‟ vd vJifj; njhilfs; mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. mit mt;thW mike;J mit ghl;il neQ;rpy; epiy epWj;jpf;nfhs;s top nra;fpd;wd. fe;jidf; fhz ey;y Njhod;!: ,t;thW fhtbg; ghly;fs; vy;yhUk; mwpe;j vspa nrhw;fshy; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sd@ vspjpy; iftrg;gLk; re;jj;jpy; eilgapy;fpd;wd:@ vJif Nkhid mikg;G vtiuAk; <h;f;fpd;wd. mjdhy;> top ele;J nry;Yk; vspa kf;fSk; XhpU Kiw Nfl;lTlNd ghl ,ay;fpwJ. NkYk; mit> fisg;ig ePf;fp> fspg;ig cz;lhf;fp tpiue;J ele;J fe;jidf; fhz ey;y Njhodha; mikfpd;wd. (tpdhtpw;F Vw;w nra;jpfs; ,Ug;gpd; kjpg;ngz; toq;fyhk;)

(my;yJ) kjPdh efuk; xU tsj;jpid ckWg;Gyth; vq;qdk; tUzpf;fpwhh;? kjPdh efhpy;> cauj;jpy; NkUkiyf;F xg;G vdf; $wj;jf;f mstpy; khlq;fisf; nfhz;l khspiffs; mike;jpUe;jd. filtPjpapy; nfhs;NthUk; nfhLg;NghUk; vOg;Gk; xyp flNyhir Nghy; ,Ue;jJ. xNu rPuha; mike;jpUe;j njUf;fs; g+kpia msg;gd Nghy ePz;L mike;jpUe;jd. ,dpf; fl;Ltjw;F ,lk; ,y;iy vdf; $wj;jf;f tifapy; khlq;fisf; nfhz;l fl;lq;fs; neUf;fkha; mike;jpUe;jd. nfhil efuk;: vz;zpa nghUs; cWjpaha;f; fpl;Lk; vd;W $wj;jf;f mstpw;F vy;yhg; nghUs;fSk; kjPdh efhpy; tpw;fg;gl;ld. efUf;Fg; Gjpjha; te;jpUg;gtiu Kfkyh;e;J> ,d;Kfj;NjhL cgrhpj;J> tpUe;J mspj;jdh;> kjPdh kf;fs;. khefuk;: gif> tWik> Neha; Kjyhd jPikfs; mfd;W> ey;yhl;rp ngw;W kjPdh kf;fs; tho;e;jdh;.

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xspngw;w kjPdh efuk;: Kj;Jf;fshy; Md khiyAk; gpw jq;fk;> ituk;> it^hpaj;jhy; Md eiffSk; tpw;gidf;fhf kjPdh efuj; njUf;fspy; rpjwpf; fple;jd.

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42 jiyikr; nrayfk; ghlk; thapyhf ePtph; mwpAk; mwptpay; fUj;Jf;fis vOJf. jkpohy; ,aYk;!: „mwptpay;‟ vd;W ehk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;w „rapd;];‟ vd;Dk; gfjp> ngUk;ghYk; kf;fshy; tpUk;gg;glhj xd;whfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. mjw;Ff; fhuzk; ,uz;L cz;L. xd;W> me;j mwptpay; njhlh;ghd E}y;fs; ahTk; Mq;fpy nkhopapy; mike;jpUg;gJ. kw;nwhd;W > mwptpaiyj; jkpo;topapy; tpsf;f ,ayhJ vd;W jkpoh;fNs jtwha;f; fUJtjhFk;. ,e;epiyapy; R[hjh mth;fs; vspa eilapy;; %isiag;gw;wp vy;yhUk; Ghpe;Jnfhs;Sk; tz;zk; vLj;Jiuj;jpUg;gJ ghuhl;lj;jf;f nra;jpahFk;. ,uhl;rjf; Foe;ij: nrd;idapYs;s jiyikr; nrayfj;ijg;gw;wp vy;yhUk; mwpth;. mJ jkpo;ehl;bYs;s midj;J muRr; nrayfq;fisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;jp Ms;fpwJ vd;gijAk; mwpth;. me;jj; jiyikr; nrayfk; Nghd;W > cly; ,af;fj;ijj; jd; fl;Lg;ghl;bd;fPo;f; nfhz;Ls;s %isia clypd; „jiyikr; nrayfk;‟ vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;> R[hjh. %isf;F Vw;gLk; grp!: “%is nuhk;gg; grpAs;sJ. grp vd;why; rhk;ghh; rhjk;> japh;r;rhjk; Nghd;w grpad;W. caph;tspg;grp. %isf;F xU epkplj;Jf;F 800 kpy;yp Njitg;gLfpwJ. clk;gpd; vilapy; Ik;gJ gq;Nf ,Ue;jhYk; FUjp> caph;tsp Mfpatw;wpd; nkhj;jj; Njitapy; Ie;jpy; xU ghfj;ij mgfhpj;Jf;nfhs;fpwJ. J}q;fpdhYk; tpopj;;jhYk; vg;NghJk; „FSf;Nfh]; FSf;Nfh];‟ vd;W myWk; ,uhl;rrf; Foe;ij mJ!‟ fij $WtJ Nghyf; $wg;gLk; R[hjhtpd; ,g;gFjp%yk; %isf;Fj; Njitahdit vit> mit vt;tsthdit vd XusNt jkpo;f; fw;wtdhYk; czu ,ay;fpwjd;Nwh! ty %isah ,l %isah?: NkYk; mth;> %isia ,lg;gFjp> tyg;gFjp vdg; gphpj;Jf;nfhz;L> me;je;jg; gFjpapd; nry;thf;fhy; kf;fs; vt;thW tho;tpy; jpfo;th; vd;Wk; $Wk; gFjp RitahdJ. ,g;gFjpiag; gbg;gth;>

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gbj;Jtpl;Lj; jk;ikAk; kw;wtiuAk; Muha;e;J ghh;f;fj; jtwkhl;lhh;fs;. kdpj %is: kdpj %is Rkhh; 10thl; rf;jpia cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wJ. ,J xU rpwpa mstpyhd kpd; tpsf;if vupa itf;fg; NghJkhdJ. kdpj %is 100 gpy;ypad; mjhtJ gj;jhapuk; Nfhb epa+uhd;fs; nfhz;lJ. (tpdhtpw;F Vw;w nra;jpfs; ,Ug;gpd; kjpg;ngz; toq;fyhk;)

1

(my;yJ) rpjwpa fbjq;fs; czh;j;Jk; fUj;Jfisr; rpjwhJ tpsf;Ff. rpjwpa fbjq;fs; czh;j;Jk; fUj;Jfs;: jd;Daph; Nghy; kz;Zaph;fis vz;Zf! : ghujpahh;> „fhf;if FUtp vq;fs; [hjp‟> „caph;fsplj;jpy; md;G Ntz;Lk;!‟ vd;whh;. Mk;@ jk;ik xj;j kdpjh;fsplj;jpy; kl;Lkd;W> gpw caphpdq;fsplKk; md;G nrYj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;whh;> ghujp. mw;g caph;fs; my;y! : Mdhy;> efh;g;Gwq;fspy;> kdpj rKjhae;jhd; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdJ vd;Dk; fUj;J NkNyhq;fp ,Uf;fpwJ. mq;Nf jd; RfJf;fjpw;F Kd; gpw caph;fspd; RfJf;fq;fisg;gw;wp kdpjd; vz;zpg; ghh;g;gJ$l ,y;iy” vd;fpwhh;. jh$h;. fhuzk;> gpw caphpfisr; rhjhuz caphpfs; vd;Nw mtd; fUJfpd;whd;. rhj;jpuk; $Wk; fUiz!: ,e;jpa rhj;jpuq;fs; vy;yh caph;fsplj;Jk; fUiz fhl;LkhW $Wfpd;wd. mij czh;e;J ele;jhy; “ xU gwitapd; rpd;dQ;rpW ,jaj;jpDs;Sk; tho;f;ifapd; fspg;G vj;Jiz mjpfkha; ,Uf;Fk;” vd;gJ Gyg;gLk; vd;fpwhh;> jh$h;. kdj;jstpy; Vw;ftpy;iy!: ,aw;ifia ve;j msTf;F kjpf;fpNwhk;? G+f;fis vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. mtw;Ws; vj;jidg; G+f;fSf;Fg; ngahpl;L ek; cs;sj;jpDs; ,lk; mspj;Js;Nshk;? vj;jidNah G+f;fs; G+f;fpd;wd. “mit midj;ijAk; kdj;jpDs; kdpjd; Vw;Wf;nfhs;stpy;iy”> vd;fpwhh; jh$h;. mjh/tJ “];J}yg;nghUSf;F mg;ghy; nry;y ,ayhky; ek; kdk; jpifg;gile;JtpLfpwJ>” vd;fpwhh;> jh$h;.

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%y fhuzk; - myl;rpa kdg;ghd;ik: G+f;fsplk; fhl;Lk; myl;rpa kdg;ghd;ikiaj;jhd; kdpjd; gwitfsplKk; fhl;Lfpwhd;. vj;jidNah Neh;j;jpahd gwitfs; cs;sd. mtw;wpd; ngaiuf;$l kf;fs; mwpe;jpUg;gjpy;iy. “,aw;ifaplk; nfhz;Ls;s ,e;j myl;rpa kdg;ghd;ik jhd; ek; Njhy;tpfSf;nfy;yhk; %y fhuzk;. ,e;j Rghtk; fhuzkha;j;jhd; ehl;L kf;fsplKk; ekJ myl;rpa kdg;ghd;ik jPtpukha;j; jiyJ}f;FfpwJ>” vd;fpwhh;> jh$h;.

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43 ghujpapd; ,johsh; Kfk; Fwpj;J ePq;fs; mwptd ahit? Kd;Diu : “ghhpilj; Japy;Nthh; fz;zpw; gha;e;jpLk; vOr;rp ePjhd;” vd;w ghNte;jupd; thpfSf;Nfw;g „vOj;J nja;tk;> vOJNfhYk; nja;tk;‟ vd;Dk; xg;ghpa Nehf;F ghujpapd; cs;sj;jpy; Mo Cd;wpf; fhy; gjpj;J epd;wJ. vOJtJ mtuJ ,dpa gzp vd;whYk;> mijf; fhrhf;Fk; fiyahf mth; fUjpltpy;iy. ehNl jk; tPnld vz;zpj; jk; ftpij%yk; Nghh; Kurk; nfhl;bath;. ftpij vd;Dk ifths; xd;W kl;Lk; ,Ue;jhy; NghjhJ> ehspjo; vd;Dk; NtYk; ,Ue;jhy;jhd;> Kg;gJNfhb kf;fis mbikr;Nrw;wpy; mOj;jf; fUJk; Mq;fpy muR vd;Dk; muf;fid nty;y ,aYk; vd;W KbntLj;jhh;. ,jopay; njhopypy; fhy; gjpj;jhh; : ghujpahh;> ,jopay; vd;Dk; Vzpapy; Kjd; Kjypy; fhy; gjpj;jJ RNjrkpj;jpud; vd;Dk; ehspjo; gbapy;jhd;. gpd; gy;NtW fhuzq;fshy; mth; rf;futh;j;jpdp> ,e;jpah> ghyghujp Kjyhd ,jo;fspy; gzpahw;wpdhh;. ,Ug;gpDk;> mthpd; vOj;J NtfNkh> ,jaj;jpy; Njq;fp epd;w tpLjiyj;jhfNkh Fd;wtpy;iy. rpq;fjijr; rpiwapy; G+l;lj; jpl;lk; : jq;fisf; Nfl;fhky; Gy;Yk; fhw;wpy; miraf;$lhJ vd;W fUJksTf;F Mjpf;f ntwp nfhz;l Mq;fpy muR> jiyg;ghf;fl;Lk; jkf;nfd xU kPirAk; nfhz;l ghujpapd; vOj;Jf;fdiyj; jhq;f ,ayhJ mtiur; rpiwapy; js;sj; jf;f jUzk; ghh;j;jJ.

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vOj;J Klq;FNk : “cyfpid xd;WNrh;f;fg; Nguwpthsh; neQ;rpy; gpwe;j gj;jphpf;ifg; ngz;Nz” vd;w ghujpjhrd; thpfSf;Nfw;g rpiwf;Fs; nrd;why; jhk; kl;Lkd;wpj; jk; vOj;Jf;fSk; Klf;fg;gl;LtpLk; vd;W czh;e;jhh;> ghujp. vdNt> $Ltpl;Lf; $L gha;tJ Nghy; jk; ngaiu tpLj;J> n\y;ypjhrd;> fhspjhrd;> Ntjhe;jp vdg; gw;gy Gidg;ngah;fspy; vOjp> Mq;fpNyah; iffSf;F mfg;glhky; tpLjiyg;Gaiy vOg;gpf;nfhz;bUe;jhh;. ghh;j;jhNy fUj;J gjpAk; : “njd;id kuj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; FUj;J ghujpapd; vOj;jpy; vspikaha; GhpAk; fUj;J” gbj;Jg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;sj; Jiz nra;Ak; vOj;Jfistplg; ghh;j;jTld; fUj;ij vspjpy; Ghpe;Jnfhs;sr; nra;Ak; jpwk; nfhz;lit fUj;Jg;glq;fSk; Nfypr; rpj;jpuq;fSkhFk;. ,jid ed;Fzh;e;j ghujp jkpo; ,jopay; Jiwapy; Kjd; Kjyhf> ,e;jpah> tp[ah Mfpa ,U ,jo;fspYk; fUj;Jg;glq;fis ntspapl;L> Kd;Ndhbaha; tpsq;fpdhh;. tha;tPr;Rf;fhuh; my;yh;> nray;tPuh; : ahkwpe;j nkhopfspNy jkpo;nkhopNghy; ,dpjhtJ vq;Fk; fhNzhk;‟ vd;W nrhy;ystpy; $wpj; jk; jkpo;g;gw;iw epWj;jpf;nfhz;ltuy;yh;> ghujp> „miuFiwaha; Mq;fpyf;fyg;NghL NgRtJjhd; mwpT ,Ug;gjw;F milahsk;‟ vd %lj;jdkha;j; jkpo;kf;fs; fUjpf;nfhz;bUe;j mf;fhyj;jpNy> jk; jkpo; ,jo;fspy; jkpo; Mz;L> jpq;fs;> ehs; Mfpatw;iw Kjd; Kjypy; Fwpg;gpl;lth;> ghujp. mJ kl;Lkh? md;W jkpo;r;nra;jpj;jhs;fspy; jiyg;Gfis Kjypy; Mq;fpyj;jpy; mikg;gh;@ gpd;> mtw;wpw;Ff; fPo; jkpo;j;jiyg;Gfis mikg;gh;. ,e;j tprpj;jpu Kiw fz;L nfhjpg;Gw;whh;> ghujp. jkpo;r;nra;jpj;jhs;fspy; Mq;fpyj;jpy; jiyg;gpLtjh vdr; RNjrkpj;jpudpy; rhbr; rPwpdhh;. tPo;Ntndd;W epidj;jhNah? : „Ntiyiar; nra;Nthk;> rk;gsj;ijg; ngWNthk;@ nte;jijj; jpd;W tpjp te;jhy; rhNthk;‟ vdr; rhjhuz kdpjdha;g; ghujp tho tpUk;gtpy;iy.

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“Njbr; NrhWepjk; jpd;W – gy rpd;dQ; rpWfijfs; Ngrp --------------------- -------------------------- Ntbf;if kdpjiug; Nghy; - ehd; tPo;Ntd; vd;W epidj;jhNah!”. vd;W NtW Xh; ,lj;jpy; mth; $wpajw;fpzq;f> NtW gy JiwfspYk; rpwe;J tpsq;FtJ Nghy; ,johsh; gzpapYk; Kd; thpirapy; epw;fpwhh;> ghujp. KbTiu: ghujpapd; fbjq;fSk;> fUj;Jg;glj; njhFg;Gk;> ,th; elj;jpa ,e;j ,jo;fs; vy;yhk; rpwg;ghfj; njhFf;fg;gl;L ,d;iwf;F E}yhf;fk; ngw;Ws;sd. ,itnay;yhk; jkpopdj;jpd; NgW. (Kd;Diu> KbTiu> cl;jiyg;GfNshL Vw;w tpil vOjpapUg;gpd; KO kjpg;ngz; toq;fyhk;)

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rpk;nghdpj; jkpoUk;; ,irj;jkpOf;F Mw;wpa gzpfis Ek; ghlg;gFjp nfhz;L njhFj;njOJf. rpk;nghdpj; jkpoh; vd;W miof;fg;gLth; ,irQhdp vd;Wk; uhfNjtd; vd;Wk; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;w ,isauh[h Mthh;. ,irf;nfhil : md;df;fpsp glj;jpy; mwpKfkhd ,isauh[htpd; ,irNahl;lk; jkpoh; tho;e;j jpirfspy; vy;yhk; njd;wyha; Eioe;J Gjpa thry;fisj; jpwe;jJ. GJg;GJ nkl;Lfs; ,isauh[htplkpUe;J jkpo;r; r%fj;jpw;Ff; nfhilahff; fpilj;jd. mDgtk; ,dpJ : fz;fis %bf;nfhz;L ,isauh[htpd; ,iriaf; Nfl;Fk; xUth; milAk; mDgtk; GjpJk;; ,dpikAk; MFk;. ghly;fspd; xt;nthU ruzj;jpw;F ,ilapYk; ,isauh[htpd; ,irNkijikia ehk; czu KbAk;. ,irr; rq;fkk; : goe;jkpo; ,iriaAk; ciof;Fk; kf;fspd; Js;sy; ,iriaAk; kdj;ij kaf;Fk; tifapy; fye;J nfhLj;jth;> ,isauh[h. nghJkf;fs; EfUk; jpiuapirapy; fh;ehlf ,ir vd;Dk; goe;jkpopirapd; cd;djj;ij czu itj;jth;@ ,isauh[h fh;ehlf ,irapd; gy ,uhfq;fisj; jpiuapirapy; mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhh;. mjdhy; jpiunky;ypir Gjpa cauq;fisj; njhl;lJ. nrtpfisj; jpUg;gpa ,ir : 1970 fspd; njhlf;fj;jpy; jkpo;kf;fspd; nrtpfs; ,e;jp cs;spl;l gpwnkhopg; ghly;fisNa Nfl;Lte;jd. jkpo;r;nrtpfisj;

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VII 44

mbkhwhky; vOJf (m) GwehD}W

cz;lhy; mk;k ,t;Tyfk; ,e;jpuu;

mkpo;jk; ,iatJ MapDk;> ,dpJvdj;

jkpah; cz;lYk; ,yNj@ Kdptpyh;!

JQ;rYk; ,yh; gpwh; mQ;RtJ mQ;rpg;

Gfo; vdpd; capUq; nfhLf;Fth;@ gopnadpd;

cyFld; ngwpDk; nfhs;syh;@ mah;tpyh;@

md;d khl;rp midah; Mfpj;

jkf;nfd Kayh Nehd;jhs;

gpwh;f;nfd KaYeh; cz;ik ahNd. - flYs; kha;e;j ,sk;ngUtOjp

M) ,isjhf Ks;kuk; nfhy;f fisAeh; ifnfhy;Yk; fho;j;j ,lj;J.

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