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CRIME o • In

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If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov.

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Prepared By

The South Dakota Division of Law Enforcement

Assistance 118 West Capitol Pierre, SD 57510

(605) 773a 3665

Authors of this report are Rod Anderson, Michel Hillman and Dave Peterson. This summary of statistics on crime in South Dakota utilizes information from the Uniform Crime Reports puplished annually by the Federal Bureau of Investigation" U.S. Department of Justice. The purpose of this report is to provide a view of crime in South Dakota based upon police statistics contributed by local law enforcement agencIes.

U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice

This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stat~d in this document are those of the authors and do. not nec~ssanlY represent the official position or pOlicies of the National Institute of

Justice.

Permission to reproduce this copyrighted material has been granted by

South Dakota Division of Law Enforcement

to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS).

Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permis­sion of the copyright owner.

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"The Attorney General should ensure that adequate resources are available for the collection and analysis of statistics on crime, its lJictims, its perpetrators, and all parts of the justice system at all levels of government and for the dissemini:dion of these statisics to policymakers in the Department of Justice; other agencies of federal~ state, and local government; 'the Congress; and the general public.)} Recommendation of the U.S. Attorney General's Task Force on Violent Crime, August 17, 1981.

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Table 1

(J Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 10

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10

Figure 11 Figure 12

Figure ~,3 II

Figure 14

Figure 15

Figure 16

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List of Tables and Figures

Tables

Comparison of 1980 Crime Rates per 100,000 Between South Dakota and.the United States ...... 2

South Dakota Part I Crimes per 100,000 Population ................... ~ .... 10

1980 Crime Rates in States Similar to South Dakota ........... d:fift:'. . . . . • . . • . . . . . •. 11

Crime Rates in South Dakota)f' C· . if Q.i =- 1lI~ &

HIes .................... '1' ..... '1E~' C 'I!!!.~ .u:' e Com~arison of Part I Crimes fin South Dakota 1974-1980 ... t ........ ~ .......... 19

r I !rEB 23 '~1J3 Figures

Compiarison of Part I Crimes ih Zl.©@}UHSKTHOH\1f$ I

South Dakota 1980 ........ . _ 1. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 4 ¢

Comparison of 1980 Propertyarr<t'Vio"Iehr"Crimes in South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 1980 Part I Violent Crimes in South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1980 Part I Property Crimes in South Dakota ••••••••••••••••••••••• III •••••••••

Total South Dakota Part I Offenses -7

per 100,00 Population -- 1974-1980. ............. 9 1980 Part j\lOffenses in South Dakota Cities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12

Murder Rate in South Dakota. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 Rape Rate in South Dakota .......... u • • • • • • • •• 14 Robbery Rate in South Dakota .................. 14 Aggravated Assault Rate in

South Dakota . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15 Burglary Rate in South Dakota ....... -. .......... 16 Larceny/Theft Rate in

South, Dakota ................ 0 •••• ~ • • • • • • • • • •• 17 Motor Vehicle Theft Rate in South Dakota ..................... ~. . . . . . . . . . .. 18

Comparison of Violent and (\ Property ~rimes -- 1974-1980 ................... 20

Comparison of Part I Crimes in South Dakota -- 1974-1980 ..................... 21

1980 Comparison of Part I Crimes in South Dakota .. lit .................... '! • • • • • • • • •• 22

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CRIME IN SOUTH D~J{OTA The crime data used in this report were taken ~m the FBI's "Crime in the United States" from 1974-1980. Part I oiThnses include violent and property crimes. Violent crimes in the repor~are murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault, while property crimls are burglary, larceny and 'motor vehicle theft. The crime rate is the number of crimes per WO,OOO population. ,

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The Stati~tical Summary rZ ·1n 1980, 22,320 Part I Offenses were reported by law enforcement agencies i.n South Dakota.

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·The crimel'ate in South Dakota during 1980 was 3,243.2 per 100,000 population while the rate for the nation was 5,899.9 Part I Crimes per 100,000 population.

·Total reported index crimes in South Dakota have increased by 22.5 percent since 1974 and by 9.4 percent since 1979.

·Violent crimes (murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault) decreased by 20.3 percent since 1979.

·Property crimes (burglary, larceny/theft and motor vehicle theft) have increased by 11.1 percent since 1979.

·There were 5 reported murders in 1980, a decrease of 64.3 percent from 1979. (f • \

""Rape has decreased by 23.9 percent since 1979; 113 wen~ reported in 1979 while 86 were reported"in 1980 .

.. Aggravated assault decreased by 22.3 percent since 1979; 829 were reported in 1979 while 644 were reported in 1980.

·Burglary has increased lOA percent from 4,316 in 1979 to 4,796 in 1980.

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.There-were 15,521 reported larceny/thefts in 1980 a,s compared to 13,782 in 1979, a 12.6 percent increase .

• Motor vehicle theft ha~ decreased by 3.3 percent since 1979; 1,160 as compared to 1,199.

.South Dakota reported a lower murder rate than any other state during 1980 .

• Only North Dakota, West Virginia and Puerto Rico had a lower crime rate in 1980 than South Dakota.

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Reported Index Crime Ra.te Law enforcement agencies in South Dakota reported, through the Uniform Crime Reporting program, 22,320 Part I Offenses during 1980 for a rate If(erlOO,OO of 3,243.2 (Table 1). The. rate per 100,000 is c~l~u}ated ~y taking,,\ the number of reported CrImes tImes 100,000 and dIvIdIng thIS figure ~y the population of the jurisdicti<;>ll. This is do~e in order to compar~~rime from year to year by controllmg for population. The Part I Offenses (or Index Crimes) are murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny and motor vehicle theft (a:son ~as just rec~ntl~ bec:n added to the list of index offenses and no data IS avaIlable for thIS CrIme m South Dakota). These crimes are referred to as index crimes because of their "seriousness". Index crimes are defined as those which (1) occur regardless of geographic location, (2) are most likely to occur, (3) are most likely to be reported, and (4) are an affront to the sensitivity of society. The data in South Dakota from the UCR program, is not complete as participation is voluntary and there are no audit checks to ensure accuracy.

TARLE 1 Comparison of 1980 Ci~ime Rates per 100,000 Between South Dakota and the United States

Offense

Murder Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault TOTAL VIOLENT Burglary Larceny!Theft Motor Vehicle Theft TOTAL PROPERTY TOTAL

South Dakota Number Rate

(5) .7 (86) 12.5

(138) 20.1 (644) 93.6 (873) 126.8

(4,766) 692.5 (15,521) 2,255.2

(1,160) 168.6 (21,447) 3,116.3 (22,320) 3,243.2

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U.S.A. Rate 10.2

.36.4 243.5 290.6 580.8

1,668.2 3,156.3

494.6 5,319.1 5,899.9

VCR Accuracy

Although the information from the UCR program is the best data available, the actual number of crimes committed is unknown. Reported crime rates are affected by the following factors which in turn affect the accuracy of the UCR program.

. 1. Citizens tendency to report crimes to law enforcement agencies; 2. Law enforcement agencies tendency to report offenses to the FBI; 3. Classification of offenses, some agencies will classify crimes

differently; 4. Not all agencies submit reports every month and, as a result, crime

rates are estimated by the FBI.

It appears that the most significant factor in the accuracy of using reported crime rates is the difference between the actual number of offenses, and those reported by the public.

Part I Offenses The majority of the Part I Offenses are larceny/thefts. Further analysis of serious crimes in South Dakota indicates that:

69.5 percent are larceny/theft; 21.4 percent are burglaries; 5.2 percent are motor vehicle thefts; 2.9 percent are aggravated assaults;

.62 percent are robberies;

.39 percent are rapes; and

.02 percent are murders.

For a graphic illustration of the Part I Crimes see Figures 1 and 2. The violent crimes (murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault) account for 3.9 percent of the total crime index. Figure 3 provides a comparison of the violent crimes and indicates that aggravated assault is by far the most prevalent violent crime. The property crimes (burglary, larceny/theft and motor vehicle theft) ,total 96.1 percent of the Part I Offenses. There were 15,521 larceny/thefts reported during 1980,4,766 burglaries and 1,160 auto thefts (figure 4).

South Dakota has a lower rate of crime according to the VCR program than the average United States crime rale. In 1980, the most recent year for which data is available, the crime rate in the United States was 5,899.9 Part 1 Offenses per 100,000 w~pe t?e Sout~ Dakota rat~ was 3,243.2. There were an estimate? 13,295'1~99 mdex cnme repor~ed In the United States during 1890 WIth 22,3~p of these reported m South Dakota. Ii

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Burglary

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Theft

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Part I Crimes

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Robbery

Figure 1 Comparison of Part I Crimes in South Dakota for 1980

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.39% Rape

.02% Murder

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figure 2 Comparison of 1980 Property and Violent Crimes in South Dakota

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Figure 4 198.0 Part I Property Crimes in South Dakota

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Crime Trend in South Dakota

The crime rate in South Dakota reached a seven year high in 1980 (Figure 5). The crime rate (number of crimes per 100,000 population) has increased by 21 % since 1974 and by II % since 1979. The violent crime rate has decreased over the seven year period by 30 percent. During 1975 South Dakota had its highest violent crime rate, which was 205.2 per 100,000 (Table 2).

The reported property crime rate increased by 25.2 percent since 1974. There were 2,150 more property crimes reported in 1980 than in 1979, a 9.5 percent increase.

In the V nited States, 9.4 percent more Index Offenses were reported to law er.:.forcement agencies in 1980 that in 1979. All offenses in the United States within the index increased in volume during the year, while in South Dakota the number of murders, rapes, aggravated assaults and motor vehicle thefts decreased.

South Dakota compared favorably with other rural states in this area (Table 3). South Dakota has a much lower rate of crime than Montana, Wyoming and Idaho. North Dakota has a lower crime rate than South Dakota; in fact, only North Dakota, West Virginia and Puerto Rico report a lower crime rate than South Dakota.

Crime in South Dakota Cities

Rapid City has the highest crime rate of the nine largest South Dakota cities reporting VCR offenses. Sioux Falls has the second highest crime rate, but reports the highest number of index crimes (Table 4). Rapid City had a crime ratC~f 8,027.6 per 100,000 while reporting 3,720 index offenses; Sioux Falls had a crime rate of 5,711.0 per 100,000 with 4,630 index offenses reported.

It is interesting to note that eight of the nine cities participating in the UCR program have higher crime rates than the average South Dakota crime rate (figure 6). The mean South Dakota urban crime rate, the average for the nine cities, is 5,641.0 which is slighty under the U.S. crime rate. Only Rapid City has a higher crime rate than the national average.

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2600

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2640

1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 -1979 1980 r' Calendar Year

I Figure 5 Total South Dakota Part I Offenses per 100,000 Population,

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1974 1975 crime Rate Number Rate Number

Murder 2.1 (14) 3.7 (25) ..

Rape 10.7 (73) 16.5 (113)

Robbery 20.4 (139) 31.0 (212)

Aggravated 147.8 (1,008) 154.0 (1,052) Assault

Burglary 597.1 (4,072) 667.8 (4,561)

Larceny/Theft 1,735.3 (11,835) 1,691l.0 (11,597)

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Auto Theft 157.5 (1,074) 167.9 (1,147)

TOTAL VIOLENT 181.0 (1,234) 205.2 (1,402)

TOTAL PROPERTY 2,489.9 (16,981) 2,533.7 (17,305)

TOTAL 2,670.0 (18,215) 2,739.0 (18,707)

*Figures in parenthesis are actual number reported.

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Table 2 South Dakota

Part I Crimes per 100,000 population 1974-1980*

1976 1977 Rate Number Rate Number

1.7 (12) 2.0 (14)

15:::3 (105) 13.5 (93)

23.2 (159) 17.9 (123)

145.9 (1,001) 155.7 (1,073)

" 620.4 (4,256) 570.5\. (3,931)

1,684.3 (11,554) 1,704.4 (11,743)

149.6 (1.026) 147.5 (1.016)

156.1 (1,277) 189.1 (1,303) -,'-'

2,454.3 (16,836) 2,422.4 (16,690)

2,640.0 (l8,l1m 2,612.0 (17,993)

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1.978 1979 Rate Number Rate Number

1.9 (13) 2.0 (14)

10.9 (75) 16.4 (113)

15.9 (110 ) 20.3 (140)

134.8 (930) 120.3 (829)

599.7 (4,138) 626.4 (4,316)

1,766.1 (12,186) 2,000.3 (13,782)

160.0 (1,104) 174.0 (1,199)

164.5 (1,128) 159.1 (1,096)

2,525.8 (17,428) 2,800.7 (19,297)

2,689.3 (18,556) 2,959.8 (20,.393)

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1980 Rat~ Number -0.7 (5)

12.5 (86)

20.1 (138)

83 •. 6 (644)

692.5 (4,766)

2,255.2 (15,521)

168.6 (l,16g)

126.8 (873)

3,116.3 (21,447)

3,243.2 (22,320)

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Table 3

1980 Crime Rates in States Similar to South Dakclta

J Motor

\( Aggravated Vehicle State Murder RaEe Robber~ Assault Burgla\,Y Larcen~ Theft Total

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North Dakota 1.2 9.5 7.7 35.6 488.3 2,242.2 179.2 2,963.7 lY ,~ ,)

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South Dakota 0.7 12.5 20.1 93.6 692.5 2,255.2 168.6 3,243.2 ,,-,

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WyominrF" 6.2 28.6 44.4 313.5 903.7 3,344.9 345.2 4,986.4 (~

\ 0 Montana 4.0 21.0 34.0 163.6 950.6 3,529.6 321. 7 5,024.5

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U.S.A. 10.2 36.4 243.5 290.6 1,668.2 3,156.3 494.6 5,899.9

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ioux Falls S Population 81.071

, of index crimes (4630)

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Aberdeen 25,937, (1335)

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Nine City Averaae Crime Rate 5641.0

4369.2

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Watertown 15,632

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4438.5

3243.2 ---------

Brookings 14.915

(662)

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Mitchell 13,917

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Huron 13,000

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Figure 6 1980 Part r Offense in South Dakota Cities

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Pierre 11,966

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Vermillion 10,140

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City 1. Rapid City 2. Sioux Falls 3. Pierre 4. Aberdeen 5. Mitchell 6. Brookings 7. Watertown 8. Huron 9. Vermillion

Number Index Crimes ~, 3,720 4,630

652 1,335

692 662 683 469 296

Rate Per 100,000 8,027.6 5,7I 1.0 5~488.8 5,147.1 4,972.3 4,438.5 4,369.2 3,607.7 2,919.1

Population 4.6,340 81,071 11,966 25,937 13,917

.. 14,915 15,632 13,000 10,140

Figures 7 through 13 depict the seven ye~r crime rate for each Index Offense. Table 10 compares the Part I Crimes in South ;Dakota from 1974-1980. Figure 14 compares the violent crime rate with the property crime rate over the last seven years. Figure 15 compares each Part I Offense over the preceding seven year period, while Figure 16 compares these crimes for 1980 only. '

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1975 1976 1977

Calendar Year

Figure 7 MurderaRate in South Dakota

1974 .. 198;0

13

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1978 1979 1980

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. . 1974 1975

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. 1976 1977

Calendar Year

figure 8 Rape Rate in South Dakota

1974 - 198-0

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1978

. 1976 1977 1978

Calendar Year

Figure Q Robbery Rate in South Dakota

1974 - 1980

1979 1980

----~'---..... 20 .1

. 1979 1980

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180

170

160

150

140

130

120

110

100

90

155.7

,/ 154.0 /

/" 147.8 Vs~

. 1974 1975

. 1976 1977

Calendar Year

Figure 10

\ 134.8

. 1978

Aggravated Assault Rate in South Dakota 1974 - 1980

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700

D 675

~\ 0 4U 0 650 ~ 0 0 ...... s.. 625 OJ Co

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600

575

550

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. 1974

. . 1975 1976 1977

Calendar Year

Figure 11 Burglary Rate in South Dakota

1974 - 1980

16

.. 0

692.5

0 0

~ 0 0 ...... s.. OJ c. cil

i_ of-' I'd 0::

J\ , , 1980 1978 1979

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2300 .

2255.2

2200 .

2100 .

2000 •

1900

1800

1700

1600 L--=19~7~4----~1~9~75~--~19~7~6----~1~9~77~---'1n-97~8'---~19~7n9'~--'1~98ffiO~-

Calendar Year

Figure 12

Larceny/Theft Rate in South Dakota 1974-1980

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175

167.5 0 0 ~ 0 0 ..-4

~ OJ 0- 160 OJ ..., ttl ~

152.5

145 1974

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... . . 1975 1976 1977 1978

Calendar Year

Figure 13 Motor Vehicle Theft Rate in South Dakota

1974 - 1980

18

174.0

~168.6

1980

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Murder

Rape

RObbery

Ag9ravated Assault

Bur9lary

Larceny/Theft

Motor Vehicle Theft

TOTAL

1980 Number Percent

Reported Total

5 .02

86 .39

138 .62

644 2.9

4,756 21.4

15,521 69.5

1,160 5.2

22.320 100

1979 Number Percent Number

. Reported Total Reported

14 .06 13

113 .55 75

140 .68 110

B29 4.0 930

4,316 21.2 4,138

13,782 fjM 12,186

1.199 5.9 1,104

20.393 10C 18.566

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Table 10 COMPARISON OF pART I CRIMES IN SOUTH DAKOTA, 1974-19BO

1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 t'~l'cent Number P~rcent Numoer t'~rcent Number Percent Number Percent Total Reported Total Reported To t:a 1 Repjlrted Total Reoort:(;'d Total

.07 14 .07 12 .06 25 .13 14 .07

.40 93 .51 105 .57 113 .60 73 .40

.59 123 .68 159 .87 212 1.1 139 .76

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5.0 L073 6.0 1,001 5.5 1,052 5.6 1,008 5.5

??.3 3,931 21.8 4,256 23.5 4,561 24.4 4,072 22.4

65.7 ~1,743 65.3 11,554 6:S.8 11,597 62.0 11,835 65.0

5.9 1,016 5.6 1,026 5.7 1,,147 6.1 1,074 5.9

100 17.993 100 18.113 100 18.707 100 18.215 100

u

Seven Year Total Number Percent

Reported Average

97 .07

658 .49

1,021 .n

6,537 4.9

30,040 22.4

88,216 65.7

7,72e 5.8

134.297 100

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Property Crime

Figure 14 Comparison of Violent and Property Crime, 1974-1980

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22.4% Burglary (:30,040)

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65.7% Larceny/Theft

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Fi gure 15 Compari son of Part I Crimes in South Dakota, 1974 - 1980

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21.4% Burglary

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Figure 16 Comparison of Part I Crimes

in SQuth Dakota, 1980

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o Summary and Conclusion

In 1980, South Dakota's crime rate was at its highest ever recorded. South Dakota's crime trend follows the nation's with a pattern that shows an average yearly increas'(> .. Although Jhe crime nlte in South Dakota has increased, it is lower than the average Onited States crime rate and ranks 48th in all states; only North Dakota and W es t Virginia report fewer Part I offenses than Sou th Dakota. While the average South Dakota crime rate is comparatively low, Rapid City had a crime rate above the national average for 1980. Compared with other urban areas, Sioux Falls has a low rate of crime, but it als~o has a low population in comparison. Rapid City reported the highest CIime rate of South Dakota cities.

In conclusion, South Dakota is e:J(periencing an increasing crime rate with preliminary indicators suggesting that this increase will continue into the 1980' s. A rising crime rate eventually leads to greater work~pads for ali components of the criminal justice system. This problem can be expected to continue until the economic situation improves. Although it is impossible to state with certainty the reason that crime rates increase, the present economic situ(\tion appears to be having ,~n affect. High inflation rates tend to affect citizens I tendency to report the crimes because of the increased value of their property; therefore, more property crimes may be reported due to the inflationary trend in the countrY'Q In addition, as inflation erodes the purchasjng power of the average worker, the 'temptation 10 purchase stolen goods becomes'more attractive. 'This means thepresent economic situation will tend to push the crime rate upward with an increase in citizens' demands for services and a heavier workload for all criminal justice components. In the long

\~erm, however, the number of pers~ns 15 to 24 years of age is expecte~ to dfcrease over the next 20 years. ThIS could help reduce the state's CrIme pfate because persons in this age category account for approximately 65 percent of all arrests. .

In January 1981, South Dakota dropped its collection and editing of Uniform Crime Reports. As a result, local agencies will be requested to submit monthly Uniform Crime Reports to the FBI on a voluntary basis. Because report submission is no longer mandatory and becallse it is less convenient and more expensive for· local agencies to communitcate directly with the FBI, a reduction in the quantity and quality of South Dakota's VCR data can be expected. Lack of state participat~on in the program may seriously affect the ability to decribe and analyze Seuth Dakota's crime problem in the future.

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Pan I Offenses:

Violent Crimes:

Definitions

Uniform Crime Reports

Murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny It heft and motor vehicle theft. (AUo referred to as Index Crimes).

MurdfJ, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault.

Property Crimes: Burglary, larceny/theft and motor vehicle theft.

Crime Rate: Number of crimes per 100,000 popu1ation. .)

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Hln the past decade, !oiolent crirnereported to police has increased by 59 .. percent. Fifty-three percent of our citizens say they are afraid ,to walk the streets. .alone atnigh~while 85 percent say they are more concerned today than they were 'y.ears ago about crime.

z Crimeis~n American epidemic .. .. it takes the l?,tles of 23,000 Americans, ittouCllPs .. nearl-'Y .. Qn~~third of American households, and it results'in at least ~8.8 ~iUion per year in financial losses.

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'President Ronald Reagan September"28,1981

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