阅读技能

猜词方法指导

Summary

Task 1. Help !

sleepwalk nonjudgemental

Expo Murder will out.

3G Chinglish

What does the word mean? What make you know it?

没有判断力的

judge

judgement

judgemental

判断 v.

判断 n.

adj.

nonjudgemental:

Root 词根

由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单词，该法是猜测英语单词的主要方法。

Prefix: dis-, in-, re-, un-, non-,anti-, auto-,micro-,bi-,inter-,mini-,mis-,tele-,

Suffix: –able, -al, -an, -ful, -ive, -er, -less, -ist, -ment, -ness, -tion, -is(z)e, -ly, -ish,-en,

派生法（ Derivation ）

Example

nonconditional unbelievabledisagreementincapacitate

man-made, win-win,underwear, heart-to-heart

合成法（ Compounding ）

两个或两个以上的词组成一个新的单词。

Murder will out.

adv.→v.

纸包不住火；要想人不知，除非己莫为

◎ When is the baby’s next feed?

◎ We lunch together.

转化法（ Conversion ）

◎ We will try our best to better our living conditions.

n.→v.v.→n.

adj.→v.

由某一词性转达化成另一词性，其意义也发生一定的变化。

What’s the complete form of the word?

Expo--exposition

截短法（ Shortening ）

A. 截去前面 omnibus -- bicycle -- B. 截去后面 advertisement -- veterinary -- C. 前后各截去一部分 refrigerator -- influenza --

bus cycle

vet

fridge

flu

ad

把一个词的部分截去。

Chinglish -- Chinese English

混合法（ Blending ）

brunch -- breakfast and lunch smog -- smoke and fog motel -- motor hotel

从两个词中各取一部分，混在一起构成一个新词。

What do the letters stand for?

3G

3rd generation

缩略法（ Abbreviation)

VIP---Very impotant PersonWWW--- World Wild WebAPEC ［ 'eipek ］ ---Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation

取词组中每个词的第一个字母代表这个词组构成新词。

猜词方法指导

转化法（ Conversion ） Murder will out.混合法（ Blending ） Chinglish派生法（ Derivation ） nonjudgemental合成法（ Compounding ） sleepwalk缩略法（ Abbreviation) 3G截短法（ Shortening ） Expo

一 . 构词法 Word formation

构词法构词法WordWord

formation formation

语境法语境法ContextContextclues clues

猜测词意猜测词意

高考阅读文章中有 3% 不可以根据构词法推断的生词

Task 2: Group work Discussion

◎One of the major features of English vocabulary is polysemous – many meanings.

◎It will be very hard but very brittle –that is ,it will break easily.

◎ Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubbygrubby.

◎ John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thriftythrifty.

◎ Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elasticelastic.

◎ The river is so turbidturbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.

◎ You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.

◎ On the farm they mainly raise poultrypoultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.

◎ The new tax law supersedessupersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.

◎ Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful factor.

◎ When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.

◎ When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch aa rippleripple spread in rings on the surface of water.

What’s the meaning of the underlined word? How do you get the meaning by context?

①

②

③

④

⑤

⑥Summary

◎One of the major features of English vocabulary is polysemous – many meanings.

◎It will be very hard but very brittle –

that is ,it will break easily.

解释法 (Explanation)

一词多义

易碎

Signal Words ： be, be called, means, be defined as

◎ Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubbygrubby.

◎ John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very ththriftyrifty.

污秽的

节约的

对比法 (Contrast)

Signal Words: but, however, yet, otherwise, while, though, on one hand…on the other hand, for one thing…for another thing, instead of

◎ Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elasticelastic.

◎ The river is so turbidturbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.

弹性的

因果法 (Cause and effect)

浑浊的

Signal Words: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so…that, such…that, thus

◎ You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. A.dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D. newspapers

◎ On the farm they mainly raise poultrypoultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.

家禽

Signal Words: such, such as, like, consist of,

for example/ instance, especially, include

举例法 (Example)

◎ The new tax law supersedessupersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.

◎ Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful factor.

代替

有害的

同义法 (Synonym)

Signal Words: or, like , as…as, the same as

◎ When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaestheticanaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.

◎ When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch aa ripple ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.

麻药

波纹

推理法 (Reasoning)

Context clues

（语境法）

二、语境法

4. 解释法 (Explanation)5. 对比法 (Contrast)

2. 因果法 (Cause and effect)

6. 举例法 (Example)

1. 同义法 (Synonym)

3. 推理法 (Reasoning)

Task 3: Practice

高考演练(Practice in NMET )

“ Mum, what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton （骨骼） in the closet（衣橱） ?”Jessica asked.” A skeleton in the closet?” her mother paused thoughtfully. “Well, it’s something that you would rather not have anyone else know about. For example, if in the past,someone in Dad’s family had been arrested for stealing a horse, it would be ‘a skeleton in his family’s closet’. He really wouldn’t want any neighbor to know about it.”

1.According to Jessica’s mother, “a skeleton in the closet” means__. （ 2011 NMET 江西） A. a family honor B. a family secret C. a family story D. a family treasure

“ Mum, what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton （骨骼） in the closet（衣橱） ?”Jessica asked.” A skeleton in the closet?” her mother paused thoughtfully. “Well, it’s something that you would rather not have anyone else know about. For example, if in the past, someone in Dad’s family had been arrested for stealing a horse, it would be ‘a skeleton in his family’s closet’. He really wouldn’t want any neighbor to know about it.”

1.According to Jessica’s mother, “a skeleton in the closet” means__. （ 2011 NMET 江西） A. a family honor B. a family secret C. a family story D. a family treasure

Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination of designs.

2.The underline phrase “drawing on ” probably means . （ 2011 NMET 江西） A. making use of B. making comments on C. giving an explanation of D. giving a description of

Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination of designs.

2.The underline phrase “drawing on ” probably means . （ 2011 NMET 江西） A. making use of B. making comments on C. giving an explanation of D. giving a description of

We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by –products （副产品） of technological developments in the space industry!

3.The underlined word “spin-offs” probably refers to . （ 2011 NMET 江西）A. survival chances B. potential resources C. unexpected benefits D. physical possessions

We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by –products （副产品） of technological developments in the space industry!

3.The underlined word “spin-offs” probably refers to . （ 2011 NMET 江西）A. survival chances B. potential resources C. unexpected benefits D. physical possessions

Task 4:Lucky dog Game

Rules ：1.Divide the class into 4 groups

2.Choose your lucky number, answer the question

3. If the answer is right, the group get the points.

4.Attention: Different question has different points.

summary

Lucky dog

1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

0分

5 分

There were so many people in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd

There were so many people in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd

n.-v. 用肘开路

5 分

Down-to-earth spirit is necessary. Sometimes sharp words from a teacher can cause a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.

Down-to-earth spirit is necessary. Sometimes sharp words from a teacher can cause a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.

脚踏实地

From the underlined phrase we learn that Pierre: A. did not feel lonely B. was always hopeful C. did not think about the past D. became more and more successful Joined by a friend, Peter Skoll, and in 1998 by his capable CEO, Meg Whitman, he has never looked back. Even in the great.com crashes of the late 1990s, eBay has gone from strength to strength. It is now one of the ten most visited online shopping websites on the Interne.

10分

（ 2009, 辽宁）

From the underlined phrase we learn that Pierre: A. did not feel lonely B. was always hopeful C. did not think about the past D. became more and more successful Joined by a friend, Peter Skoll, and in 1998 by his capable CEO, Meg Whitman, he has never looked back. Even in the great.com crashes of the late 1990s, eBay has gone from strength to strength. It is now one of the ten most visited online shopping websites on the Interne.

Chief Executive Officer

The underlined phrase can best be replaced by: A. close hit B. heavy loss C. narrow escape D. big mistake One evening in February 2007, a student na

med Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path. That’s when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks. Ceely’s near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device.

10分

（ 2011 ，浙江）

The underlined phrase can best be replaced by: A. close hit B. heavy loss C. narrow escape D. big mistake One evening in February 2007, a student na

med Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path. That’s when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks. Ceely’s near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device.

Global Position System

The underlined word means a person’s: A. later generation B. friends and relatives C. colleagues and partners D. later sponsors

Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family ’s ancestor was Robert.

10分

（ 2010 ，江苏）

The underlined word means a person’s: A. later generation B. friends and relatives C. colleagues and partners D. later sponsors

Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family ’s ancestor was Robert.

What’s the meaning of the underlined word ?

In today’s work environment, the line dividing work and leisure time is becoming unclear, says one expert, and it’s creating a phenomenon called “weisure time”.

5分

What’s the meaning of the underlined word ?

In today’s work environment, the line dividing work and leisure time is becoming unclear, says one expert, and it’s creating a phenomenon called “weisure time”.

The underlined phrase means: A. order for army service B. train ticket C. letter of rejection D. note of warning

One day in 1918, my Uncle Milton received his draft notice. My grandparents were very upset. But my mother, at the age of 10, felt on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war.

10分

（ 2009 ，湖北）

The underlined phrase means: A. order for army service B. train ticket C. letter of rejection D. note of warning

One day in 1918, my Uncle Milton received his draft notice. My grandparents were very upset. But my mother, at the age of 10, felt on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war.

The underlined part means: A. to be honest B. to be unreal C. to become cleat D. to come from an imagined world

Honesty comes in many forms. First there’s self – honesty. Is what people see the real article or do you appear through smoke and mirrors?

10分

(2009, 四川 )

The underlined part means: A. to be honest B. to be unreal C. to become cleat D. to come from an imagined world

Honesty comes in many forms. First there’s self – honesty. Is what people see the real article or do you appear through smoke and mirrors?

What’s the meaning of the underlined word?

Unfortunately, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity （放射性） .

10分

（ 2011 ，陕西）

What’s the meaning of the underlined word?

Unfortunately, she developed leukemia because of her work with radioactivity （放射性） .

白血病

Word formation1. 同义法2. 因果法3. 推理法4. 解释法5. 对比法6. 举例法

Guessing meaning

Context clue1. 转化法

2. 混合法

3. 派生法

4. 合成法

5. 缩略法

6. 截短法

Homework

The unfinished exercises!