starter activity

Who contributed more to the Thaw? Eisenhower or Stalin? Other?

How did How did ‘peaceful co-‘peaceful co-

existence’ come existence’ come about?about?

TBAT explain at least 3key TBAT explain at least 3key reasons why PC came aboutreasons why PC came about

To assess the extent To assess the extent Khrushchev was responsibleKhrushchev was responsible

Learning objectives

Your taskYour task Read p.75. Where did the phrase ‘Peaceful Read p.75. Where did the phrase ‘Peaceful

co-existence’ originate? What were some of co-existence’ originate? What were some of the factors which caused it?the factors which caused it?

Read p.75-8 and list the reasons why Read p.75-8 and list the reasons why ‘peaceful co-existence’ emerged between ‘peaceful co-existence’ emerged between the two superpowers. Take notes under the two superpowers. Take notes under these headings:these headings:

Consolidation of positionsConsolidation of positions Military & economic contextMilitary & economic context Death of StalinDeath of Stalin BeriaBeria MalenkovMalenkov

Peaceful Co-existencePeaceful Co-existence Origins of termOrigins of term – 1 – 1stst coined by Malenkov, coined by Malenkov,

head of Communist Party & Soviet PM , head of Communist Party & Soviet PM , 1952; developed into fully formed policy 1952; developed into fully formed policy under Khrushchevunder Khrushchev

PurposePurpose – means of co-operating – means of co-operating between East & West until Marxist aims between East & West until Marxist aims of communist society could be fulfilledof communist society could be fulfilled

CausesCauses – changes in leadership, need to – changes in leadership, need to avoid all-out nuclear war, wider issues …avoid all-out nuclear war, wider issues …

ConsolidationConsolidation

By 1949 division of By 1949 division of Europe entrenchedEurope entrenched

Formation of NATO Formation of NATO (1949) & Warsaw (1949) & Warsaw Pact (1953) made Pact (1953) made divisions more divisions more evidentevident

Positions were Positions were secure – now more secure – now more willing to negotiatewilling to negotiate

Military & economic Military & economic contextcontext

By 1955 USA & USSR possessed hydrogen bombsBy 1955 USA & USSR possessed hydrogen bombs Arms race picking up speed, e.g 1950 US had 298 Arms race picking up speed, e.g 1950 US had 298

atomic bombs, in 1955 it had 2,422atomic bombs, in 1955 it had 2,422 1/3 of USSR spending went on military projects1/3 of USSR spending went on military projects

US Hydrogen bomb – one very similar was jettisoned in 1958 of coast of Georgia and remains there to this day!

Death of StalinDeath of Stalin

Power struggle between Beria (head Power struggle between Beria (head of secret police), Malenkov of secret police), Malenkov ((PolitburoPolitburo member) & Nikita member) & Nikita Khrushchev (Khrushchev (PolitburoPolitburo member) member)

Beria (with Svetlana) Malenkov Khrushchev

Read about Beria’s depraved sexual antics

Beria’s initiativesBeria’s initiatives Beria: “All we want is a Beria: “All we want is a

peaceful Germany, and peaceful Germany, and it makes no difference it makes no difference to us whether it is to us whether it is socialist or not”socialist or not”

Proposed reunified, Proposed reunified, united East Germanyunited East Germany

BUT Berlin Uprising BUT Berlin Uprising (1953) dashed hopes of (1953) dashed hopes of unified Germany – unified Germany – 25,000 arrests, 400 25,000 arrests, 400 executionsexecutions

Malenkov’s ‘New Course’Malenkov’s ‘New Course’

‘‘New Course’ – war between New Course’ – war between capitalism and communism no capitalism and communism no longer inevitablelonger inevitable

Resources should be directed Resources should be directed towards improving living conditions towards improving living conditions in USSRin USSR

Khrushchev built on Malenkov’s Khrushchev built on Malenkov’s policy, developing ‘New Course’ into policy, developing ‘New Course’ into ‘Peaceful Co-existence’ & De-‘Peaceful Co-existence’ & De-StalinisationStalinisation

PlenaryPlenary Why did the world react positively Why did the world react positively

and negatively to Stalin’s deathand negatively to Stalin’s death Who coined the phrase ‘Peaceful Co-Who coined the phrase ‘Peaceful Co-

existence?existence? Reasons for development of PC?Reasons for development of PC? Extension. Who do you think should Extension. Who do you think should

really be credited with PC? Should it really be credited with PC? Should it even be a Russian?even be a Russian?

HomeworkHomework

Create a factoid on Nikita Create a factoid on Nikita Khrushchev. Include references to Khrushchev. Include references to his early life, ascendancy, relations his early life, ascendancy, relations with US, key achievements & with US, key achievements & failures, deathfailures, death

Take notes on Austria & Finland Take notes on Austria & Finland (p.80) using the ‘Skills builder’ (p.80) using the ‘Skills builder’ question to guide youquestion to guide you

.

PlenaryPlenary

3 reasons why Peaceful Co-existence 3 reasons why Peaceful Co-existence came aboutcame about

How far was Khrushchev How far was Khrushchev responsible?responsible?

If you were Eisenhower, how would If you were Eisenhower, how would you turn ‘Peaceful Co-existence’ to you turn ‘Peaceful Co-existence’ to your advantage?your advantage?