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SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE
TYPES OF WASTE
Solid Waste-unwanted soilds Municipal Soild Waste-garbage Industrial Solid Waste-indirect
Hazardous (Toxic) Waste-threatens human health=toxic/flammable Batteries/pesticides/cleaners/sludge
**Affluenza-US = 1/3 of the solid waste (55% MSW/30% recycled/15% burned)
Al/tires/diapers/carpet/plastic bottles/Styrofoam/edible food/paper
INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT (IWM)
Waste Reduction Waste Management
75-90% of soild waste could be eliminated
THE FOUR R’s! Refuse Reduce Reuse Repurpose Recycle
RECYCLE Items: paper, glass, aluminum, steel,
and plastics. PRE CONSUMER and POST CONSUMERUS recycles 30% Japan 50%
Primary-recycled into same product Secondary-recycled into new product MSWMRF’s (materials recovery
facilities) Composting
Advantages Disadvantages
Air/Water Pollution Landfills lose $
Save Energy May lose $ (glass/plastics)
Reduce GH emissions Source Separation
$ paper, metals
Where else would the garabage go? Power…..Burning….Burying.…..Landfills
LANDFILLS
Open Dumps-developing Sanitary Landfills-Lined with wells to
monitor leakage. Thin layers (compacted) w/ clay/plastic (reduce leachate, fire, odor, animals). Leachates are pumped into tanks to store onsite.
http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/landfill.htm
Advantages Disadvantages
No open burning Noise/Traffic
Odor Dust/Erosion
Lined-low groundwater pollution
Air Pollution-CO2/methane/VOC’s/Dioxins!
Quick to build Leaks/Leachates
Low $ Slow decomposition
Filled- Recreation Discourages RRRR
High Yield
HAZARDOUS WASTE
Soild/liquid that is toxic, ignitable, corrosive, or could explode. Organic-solvents/pesticides/PCB’s, Dioxins Heavy Metals-Pb (neurotoxin/teratogen), Hg
(neurotoxin/coal burning, volcanoes/bioaccumulation fish), Arsenic
U.S………is #1 (Let’s go China!) Military – 1/3 – NO EPA INTERACTION Chemical Companies Mining Industry
Government Regulates:CERCLA (SUPERFUND)-tax/regulate point sourceResource Conservation and Recovery Act-illegal disposal/permitsCRADLE to GRAVE
Superfund-allocated to clean up abondoned hazardous waste sites (brownfields)…..expired in 1995-now taxpayers pay…..
Terrorists love hazardous waste
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
Recycle, reuse, detoxify, burn, bury? Incineration or Plasma Torch-HIGH temp.
break down hazards Air Bury-Deep Well Disposal-underneath
aquifers Air/Water Detox:
Physical: Filters/electrostatics/capsules Chemical: cyclodextrin- starch/nanomagnets Biological-bioremediation-bacteria/enzymes
convert to harmless Phytoremediation-”Pollution Sponges” GM plants to
absorb/filter contaminants from soil/water