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© Siemens AG, 2012
Gas Turbines Based CHPClean, Green & Sustainable
Géraldine Roy - Proposals Manager – FEED
Richard Williamson – Framework Support Manager
Derek Fothergill - Consultant
Melton Mowbray, June 2013
Page 2 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
First established in 1857 - Joseph Ruston
Gas Turbines since 1946 - Frank Whittle
Gas Turbines
Agriculture
Military Transport
Industry
Gas Turbine heritage
Page 3 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Industrial Gas Turbines
Page 4 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Siemens Industrial gas TurbinesProduct Applications
An SGT-100 generating set is installed on Norske Shell's Troll Field platform in the North Sea
Thirty SGT-200 driven pump sets on the OZ2 pipeline operated by Sonatrach, Algeria
Power Generation
CHP
Two SGT-400 generating sets operating in cogeneration/ combined cycle for BIEP at BP’s Bulwer Island refinery, Australia
Two SGT-700 driven Siemens compressors for natural gas liquefaction plant owned by UGDC at Port Said, Egypt.
An SGT-800 CHP plant for InfraServ Bavernwerk’s chemical plant in Gendorf, Germany.
Compression
Comb. CyclePumping
Page 5 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector Page 5
Siemens Industrial Power:Industrial Turbines for all Your Needs
Steam Turbines
Steam turbines for power generation, combined heat & power and mechanical drives for all industrial applications
Various design paradigms including:
• Pre–designed steam turbines up to 10 MW
• Industrial steam turbines up to 250 MW
Gas Turbines
Gas turbines for power generation, combined heat & power and mechanical drives for all industrial applications.
Small gas turbines from 5 up to 13 MW
Medium gas turbines from 18.5 up to 50 MW
Page 6 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Global Power market – Demand for Power is steadily growing
Source: Siemens
Power generation mix worldwide, in TWh
Coal
Oil
Gas
Nuclear
Water
Renewables
37,100
34%
3%
24%
11%
15%
13%
41%
4%
22%
13%
16%4%
67%
61%
+2.8% p.a.
22,100
20302011
Fossil fuels remain the backbone - Renewables gain in importance
Page 7 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Gas Turbines < 60 MW in CHP The Global Picture (1993-2012)
GT based CHP < 60 MW - mainly used in Europe, USA and in Asia (SE Asia, Japan, India), lately also in emerging markets
The total market has been declining but it is slowly recovering
010002000300040005000600070008000
'93-'97 ´98-´02 '03-´07 '08-12
MW
Africa America Latin America NorthAsia Europe Middle EastCIS
GT orders 1993-2012
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
'93-'97 ´98-´02 '03-´07 '08-12
MW
Poly. (World)
Page 8 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Conventional Energy Supply
Central electricity generation and distribution through grid
Local production of heat with fossil fuel
Power plant IndustryResidential area
Waste heat from power generation is emitted with exhaust gases
Conventional energy supply:Less efficient, more emissions
Page 9 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Combined Heat and Power (CHP) or Cogeneration
Power plant IndustryResidential area
Medium-voltage power grid connection
Simultaneous production of power and heat from a single fuel source
IndustryResidential area Local power plant
Combined Heat and Power: More efficient and lower emissions due to the recovery of waste heat
Local electricity generation
Page 10 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Environmental protection
The high overall thermal efficiency of cogeneration minimizes the production of carbon dioxide. Other exhaust emissions can be controlled by the use of low emission combustion technology
CHP Benefits
Profitability
Energy costs can be a high proportion of the product cost in many industries. CHP can help reduce the energy costs by up to 30%
Security of Supply
CHP can increase the reliability of power supply. Production processes need to avoid unscheduled shutdown
Page 11 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
CHP: The drivers
Business Drivers
Improving spark spread ; energy cost :Gas/Oil prices Vs Electricity prices.
Growing gas supply diversity and network. Shale Gas, Landfill and other Bio gases.
Security of energy supply.
Legal/Environmental Drivers
Climate change and reduction of emissionsGovernment / EU Energy Directives - Reduced emissions of CO2.
Reduced emissions of NOx, particles, UHC, etc.National production subsidies.National tax exemptions or investment incentives.
CCL.
Energy costSecurity of supply
Environmental image
Reduction ofgreenhouse gases
and other emissionsIncentives
Page 12 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Steam Output
By-pass Stack
Boiler Feed Water
Damper
Exhaust Heat
Exhaust
Steam Raising ApplicationsBased on SGT-100 Gas Turbine
30.0 % 100 %
69.5 % 14 %
Fuel Gas InputPower Output
Power Output
Condensing Steam Turbine
9.5 % 53 %
37.5 %
6.0 %
GT Power Output 30.0 %
Exhaust Loss 14 %
ST Power Output 9.5 %
Low Grade Heat Output
37.5 %
TOTAL. 91 %
Difference is due to Gear, Generator, vent and Oil System losses
Page 13 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Steam Output
By-pass Stack
Damper
Exhaust
Steam Raising ApplicationsBased on SGT-100 Gas Turbine
30.0 % 100 %
Fuel Gas InputPower Output
Power Output
Condensing Steam Turbine
400 OC 42 bar g
103OC
544 OC
100 OC
60 OC
Boiler Feed Water
126 OC
9.5 %
Page 14 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
The Scheme provides:-
electricity, heating and cooling for 60,000 residents in
the Bronx area of New York.
40 MW electrical power is produced by two SGT-400
gas turbines and SST-300 steam turbine.
Up to 16MW of electricity not used locally enters the
New York power grid.
“Hurricane Sandy hit Co-op City about as hard as it hit most anywhere else in New York City, but everybody in Co-op City had power before, during and after the storm, ” said Community Principal, Herb Freedman
Tri-generation Installation Network support – Riverbay Co-op Development
Riverbay Co-Op Development (New York)
Co-op City is located in the northeast of New York
and comprises 14,000 apartment units, 35 high-rise
buildings, 8 parking garages, 3 shopping centres and
6 schools
Page 15 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Tri-generation Installation Network support – Riverbay Co-op Development
Fuel Gas Input
Power Output
SGT 400
Exhaust
By-pass Stack
Boiler FeedWater
Damper
Exhaust Heat
Fuel Gas Input
Power Output SGT 400
Exhaust
By-pass Stack
Boiler FeedWater
Damper
Exhaust Heat
SteamTurbine
Condensate
Chilled Water Return
Chilled Water Flow
Absorption
Chiller
25% Usable Heat
17% Heat to Electricity
17.5 % Heat to Electricity
HP Steam
LP Steam
Cooling Water Return
Cooling Water Flow
11.5% Waste Heat
11.5% Waste Heat
17.5 % Heat to Electricity
40.0 MW12.47 kV
Power ExportCo-op Power Use
SST 300
100 % Heat as Fuel Gas
Page 16 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Combined Combustion Inlet Air & Vent HEPA Air Filter
Silencer
SGT 100-1 Gas Turbine Generating Set
Silencer
SilencerWaste Heat
Steam Generator
Roof Line
Boiler Stack
By-Pass Stack
Diverter Valve
Oil Cooler
Breather
SST-110 Steam Turbine Generating Set
To District Heating (16 bar g,100 OC)
From District Heating (8 bar g, 60 OC)
Deaerator
Boiler Feed Water PumpsFuel Gas Compressor Air Compressor
Control Room
Switchgear Room
Battery Room
Fire Panel
Condensate Return Pumps
Vent Air Outlet
Water Treatment
Make-up Tank
Condenser
Option 1 Maximum Electrical Generation
Page 17 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Option 2 Maximum Heat Generation
Silencer
SGT 100-1 Gas Turbine Generating Set
Silencer
SilencerWaste Heat Hot WaterGenerator
Roof Line
Boiler Stack
By-Pass Stack
Diverter Valve
Oil Cooler
Breather
To District Heating (16 bar g,100 OC)
From District Heating (8 bar g,60 OC)
Fuel Gas Compressor Air Compressor
Control Room
Switchgear Room
Battery Room
Fire Panel
Vent Air Outlet
Water Treatment
Make-up Tank
Combined Combustion Inlet Air & Vent HEPA Air Filter
Page 18 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
2000 m
500 m 700 m800 m
Distance
m
Pressure Loss Pa/m
Pressure Loss bar
Total Loss
bar
Main 1600 100 1.65.6
Housing 1600 250 4.0
Main 2600 100 2.65.1
Shops 1000 250 2.5
Main 4000 100 4.07.75
Factories 1500 250 3.75
75
0 m
50
0 m
80
0 m
Heat Interface Unit
HOB Plant
Heat production from Heat Only Boilers maybe needed
Thermal Storage for full or partial storage (load levelling) maybe needed
Factory
Factory
Housing Housing
Housing Housing
Housing Housing
Housing Housing
Shops Shops
CHP Plant
Heat Transmission & Distribution Network
Page 19 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
TE
PI TITE FE
TE PI TI
Controller
HeatMeter
TE
Room Thermostat
PI
Central Heating
Domestic Hot Water
Domestic Cold Water (Mains)
Filling Loop
District Hot Water Flow & Return
Temperature Indicator
FE
TE
PI
TI
Pressure Indicator
Thermal Element
Flow Element
Filter
Isolating Valve
Modulating Valve
Drain Valve
Double Check Valve
Relief Valve
District heating supply temperature can be as high as 100 OC minimising flow rate and hence pipe sizes.
Indirect Domestic Heat Interface Unit
Page 20 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Performance Summary SGT- 100- 1S
Power Generated kW
Gas Turbine at 15OC 5242
Steam Turbine 1700
Total Power Generated 6942
Total District Heat 6527
Cycle efficiency 76.5%
Power Used (Run) kW
Gas Turbine 55.9
Steam Turbine 28.4
Auxiliaries 497
System Usage 581.3
Operation at 15OC kW
Power Generated 6942.0
Power Used 581.3
Power for Export 6360.7For Wind Farms the ratio is 1 kW per Home with the Grid taking up the peak loads
Study assumes all power is sold to a power company
Page 21 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Performance Summary SGT 400
Power Generated kW
Gas Turbine at 15OC 14049
Steam Turbine 4160
Total Power Generated 18209
Total District Heat 13899
Cycle efficiency 80.1%
Power Used (Run) kW
Gas Turbine 73.2
Steam Turbine 28.4
Auxiliaries 497
System Usage 598.6
Operation at 15OC kW
Power Generated 18209.0
Power Used 589.6
Power for Export 17610.4For Wind Farms the ratio is 1 kW per Home with the Grid taking up the peak loads
Study assumes all power is sold to a power company
Page 22 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Possible Incremental Efficiency Improvements
Low grade heat recoverySource Amount Use
Cooling air from the generators
Heat available is approximately 2% of the generated power
Space heating
Ventilation air Heat available is approximately 2% of the generated power
Space heating via an air/air heat exchanger
Oil coolers coolant water Heat available is approximately 2½% of the generated power
Pre-heat boiler make-up water
Page 23 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Payback Period
Simple Payback in just over 7 years
SGT 100-1S Scheme
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Hardware £12,264,750 £11,724,750 £11,724,750 £11,724,750 £11,724,750 £11,724,750 £11,724,750 £11,724,750 £11,724,750 £11,724,750
Building + Costs £4,384,250 £4,384,250 £4,384,250 £4,384,250 £4,384,250 £4,384,250 £4,384,250 £4,384,250 £4,384,250 £4,384,250
O&M £422,500 £845,000 £1,267,500 £1,690,000 £2,112,500 £2,535,000 £2,957,500 £3,380,000 £3,802,500 £4,225,000
Fuel Cost £9,305,100 £18,610,200 £27,915,300 £37,220,400 £46,525,500 £55,830,600 £65,135,700 £74,440,800 £83,745,900 £93,051,000
Total Cost £26,376,600 £35,564,200 £45,291,800 £55,019,400 £64,747,000 £74,474,600 £84,202,200 £93,929,800 £103,657,400 £113,385,000
Income £14,063,304 £28,126,608 £42,189,912 £56,253,216 £70,316,520 £84,379,824 £98,443,128 £112,506,432 £126,569,736 £140,633,040
Payback -Years 1.88 1.26 1.07 0.98 0.92 0.88 0.86 0.83 0.82 0.81
SGT 400 Scheme
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Hardware £6,601,500 £6,601,500 £6,601,500 £6,601,500 £6,601,500 £6,601,500 £6,601,500 £6,601,500 £6,601,500 £6,601,500
Building + Costs £3,484,500 £3,484,500 £3,484,500 £3,484,500 £3,484,500 £3,484,500 £3,484,500 £3,484,500 £3,484,500 £3,484,500
O&M £394,400 £788,800 £1,183,200 £1,577,600 £1,972,000 £2,366,400 £2,760,800 £3,155,200 £3,549,600 £3,944,000
Fuel Cost £4,086,825 £8,173,650 £12,260,475 £16,347,300 £20,434,125 £24,520,950 £28,607,775 £32,694,600 £36,781,425 £40,868,250
Total Cost £14,567,225 £19,048,450 £23,529,675 £28,010,900 £32,492,125 £36,973,350 £41,454,575 £45,935,800 £50,417,025 £54,898,250
Income £5,899,422 £11,798,844 £17,698,266 £23,597,688 £29,497,110 £35,396,532 £41,295,954 £47,195,376 £53,094,798 £58,994,220
Payback -Years 2.4693 1.6144 1.3295 1.1870 1.1015 1.0445 1.0038 0.9733 0.9496 0.9306
Simple Payback in less than 4 years
Payback calculations ignore amortisation, inflation, cost escalation and any grants
Page 24 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Export Power - kW
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Ambient Temperature Deg C
Ne
t P
ow
er
- k
W
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
MaxMinExtreme MaxExtreme Min
Max & Min Temperature (1971 – 2000)at Waddington(68 m amsl)
Tem
per
atu
re D
eg -
C
Export Power - kW
Ambient Temperature – Deg C
Net
Po
wer
- k
W
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Detached
Semi-detached
Terrrace
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month
Ave
rag
e D
aily
To
tal C
on
sum
pti
on
- k
Wh
Effect of Ambient Temperature on Power
Page 25 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Summary – CHP high efficiency, cost effective, secure and proven
Combined heat and power installations using gas turbines are well proven and
widely used across process, manufacturing industries and District Heating
worldwide.
Gas turbines are the key to high efficiency CHP solutions. Waste heat is
predominantly ejected through exhaust. This can be harnessed for steam
production.
Gas Turbines are capable of accepting base load whilst still providing acceptably
high availability and reliability. Further enhancing security of power supply.
We believe district hot water and heating is cost effective for new build projects
such as housing, swimming pools, hotels and commercial buildings.
Not so easy for existing especially old housing, due to cost of retrospective
installation.
Page 26 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Summary – Savings and Improvements
CHP gives cost savings with potential short payback periods.
Matching the combination of units to optimise efficiency and financial return.
Ducted hot air for adjacent buildings.
Management of heat use from coolers and condensers will push efficiency up.
Power utilised locally and exported.
Large reduction in use of fossil fuel, to reduce carbon profile through efficiency
and use of alternative gas sources (biogas from green waste, landfill gas from
refuse, coke oven gas etc.).
© Siemens AG, 2012
Thank you! Geraldine RoyProposals Manager - FEEDE O IP T (0)1522 58 [email protected]
Richard WilliamsonFramework Support Manager – FEEDEOIP(0)1522 58 [email protected]
Po Box 1LincolnUnited Kingdom
Page 28 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
Fuel Flexibility in Gas Turbines
10 20 40 50 60 7030
Medium Calorific Value (MCV) High Calorific Value (HCV)
‘’Normal’’
Wobbe Index (MJ/Nm³)
SIT Ltd. Definition
Low Calorific Value (LCV)
Pipeline Quality NG
3.5 37 49 65
Siemens DLE Units operating
DLE Capability Under Development
Siemens Diffusion
Operating Experience
BIOMASS &COAL GASIFICATION
Landfill & SewageGas
High Hydrogen Refinery Gases
LPG
Off-shore rich gasIPG CeramicsOff-shore leanWell head gas
Other gas
Associated Gas
Page 29 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
SGT–300, Fuel Flexibility with Low EmissionsUniversity of New Hampshire (UNH)
The cogeneration plant provides:-
95% of steam demand
75% of electrical load
Fuel efficiency of nearly 80%
30% reduction in Nox & 60% Sox
7.6 MW electrical power output 35 MWth steam output
Overall CHP efficiency >77%
Tri-fuel: Nat Gas or Nat Gas/Landfill Gas blend
(Gas Wobbe Index range 32 to 49 MJ/Nm3) or
Liquid Fuel
Low Emissions to atmosphere: Nox > 15 ppmv
Ambient temperature: -28OC to +32OC
Page 30 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
SGT–300, Fuel Flexibility with Low EmissionsUniversity of New Hampshire (UNH)
Page 31 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
The Scheme provides:-
electricity, heating and cooling for the complex
4.9 MW electrical power is produced by a dual fuel, low
emissions SGT-100-1S gas turbine.
Unfired waste heat steam generator produces 11,000
kg/h of 3.8 bar g steam.
Standby power ( Auto switch to Island Mode)
BBC Television Centre - London
BBC Television Centre, Wood Lane, London
The Centre provides studio, production and office facilities
for its operations in the UK and abroad.
There is a continual demand for heating and electrical
power from the offices, post-production areas, computer
suites and studio lighting
Page 32 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
BBC Television Centre - London
Steam Output
Fuel Gas Input
Power Output
4.15 MW
By-pass Stack
Boiler Feed Water
Damper
Exhaust
SGT 100-1S
Steam Output
ForcedDraught
Fan
Air
Steam Output
ForcedDraught
Fan
Air
Exhaust
Steam Output
Boiler Feed Water
ForcedDraught Fan
Air
Cold Standby BoilersHot Standby Boiler
Absorption
ChillerAbsorption
ChillerAbsorption
ChillerAbsorption
ChillerMake Up
WaterWater Conditioning
Chilled Water Return
Chilled Water Flow
11 kV
Import/Export From/To Grid
Peak Demand 7 MW
Page 33 June 2013 Siemens Energy Sector
SGT-400 Industrial Gas TurbineCHP Installation - Wastewater Treatment plant
Psyttalia
1 x SGT-400 generator set with WHRU
In Commercial operation since 2007
EU granted €40 million of funding for the Ministry of Public works to commission a new sludge-drying plant on the island , fuelled by natural gas