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Settling the Northern Colonies

Chapter Three

Alden, John Allerton, Isaac Mary (Norris)

Allerton, wife Bartholomew

Allerton, son Remember Allerton,

daughter Mary Allerton,

daughter Allerton, John Billington, John Eleanor Billington,

wife John Billington, son Francis Billington,

son Bradford, William Dorothy (May)

Bradford, wife Brewster, William

Mary Brewster, wife Love Brewster, son Wrestling Brewster,

son Britteridge, Richard More, Ellen Jasper More, brother Richard More,

brother Mary More, sister Mullins, William Alice Mullins, wife Priscilla Mullins,

daughter Joseph Mullins, son Priest, Degory Rigsdale, John Alice Rigsdale, wife Rogers, Thomas Joseph Rogers, son

Standish, Myles Rose Standish, wife Tilley, Edward Ann (Cooper) Tilley,

wife Tilley, John Joan (Hurst)(Rogers)

Tilley, wife Elizabeth Tilley,

daughter Tinker, Thomas Mrs. Thomas Tinker,

wife boy Tinker, son

What do you notice about the people on this list?

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A Religious Venture

Protestantism spreads across Europe Many felt Catholic church had become

corrupt and wanted to “get back to basics” English Protestants who thought the

Reformation didn’t go far enough = Puritans

Some Puritan Separatists wanted total separation from Church of England

Pilgrims (some Separatists, others not) set sail for America in Mayflower in 1620 to practice religion freely

Pilgrims signed Mayflower Compact (laws for greater good) before disembarking and established Plymouth Colony

Originally destined for VA, but thrown off course

More than half of the group died during the first winter from hunger, cold, and sickness

The rest survived mostly because of help from Wampanoag Indians

The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth

Massachusetts Bay founded by Puritan merchants to make profit, also for religious reasons John Winthrop “We must be as

a City upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us”

Colony’s success inspired Great Migration

Much of colony’s government based on rule by the Godly

Religious leaders conducted public interrogations of people who claimed to have experienced conversion

Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth

Anne Hutchinson Claimed that because of

predestination it wasn’t necessary to obey the laws of God or man

Brought to trial and banished Moved to Rhode Island, then NY

where she and all but one family member were killed by Indians

Roger Williams Extreme Separatist Denied authority of government

of Massachusetts Bay Colony Put on trial and found guilty Banished, he fled to Rhode

Island area where he built a Baptist church and established complete freedom of religion

Believed in buying land from Indians rather than taking it

King Philip’s War

Massasoit (Wampanoag chieftan) made treaty with Pilgrims

Confrontations with Indians were increasing

Tried to convert Indians to Christianity Natives well armed

attacked over half of New England towns, killed 600, destroyed 12 towns completely

Mohawk and Christian Indians oppose Metacomet (known as King Philip – son of Massasoit)

Metcomet beheaded, drawn and quartered Wife and children sold into slavery Indians flee, New York or Canada

New England Indian population reduced by 40%, worsened English hostility to Indians

Indians never again posed major threat to colonists

Colonial Unity and Independence

Charles II shows favor to CT and works against Massachusetts Bay

King James II wishes stronger hold on colonies Sends investigators Colonies restricted heavily

Glorious Revolution in England inspires strikes against royal authority in New England

More English officials brought to America, but many were incompetent

The Dutch and New York

New York Seized by British from Dutch, 1664, renamed for

Charles II’s bro, James (soon to be II) Then Duke of York

Dutch gave up peacefully, preferring British rule 1685, James becomes King, immigration spikes

(9000 in 1664 to 20,000 1700 Rich Dutch and English landholders (“patroons”)

own vast estates, form vastly influential social and political elite

Most Dutch allowed to keep Hudson River Valley holdings

Together with the British royalists, formed a powerful upper class in New York

Dutch names such as Roosevelt, Van Buren, Vanderbilt and others are evidence of initial Dutch presence in New Netherland

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania - payment by Charles II to William Penn, son of strong Stuart supporter (and Admiral)

Quakers - “The Society of Friends” adherents of George Fox “Quaking with the Spirit” no hat tipping to “betters”, no swearing oaths refused military service equality of women refusal to adopt formal creed, order of worship persecuted in England (and by the Church of

England) Fined for missing Anglican services, most

couldn’t (wouldn’t ) pay William Penn

Jailed 1669, freed, took King’s payment prepared for emigration to America

Philadelphia ( the city of Brotherly Love) formed unicameral gov’t, Quaker dominated relatively late settlement meant fewer Indian

encounters Penn in debt, spent most of time in England Died in debt, but Colony strong success