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❧
Restorative Practice
A Tool in the Toolboxor
The Toolbox
❧❧ Diane Stronks
❧ Educator Extraordinaire❧ Executive Director, Edifide
❧ Phil Stegink❧ Calvin College, Assistant Professor❧ CLC Network, Special Projects
Restorative Practice
❧❧ Welcome
❧ Circle Up
❧ Introduce Self
Restorative Practice
❧Restorative Practice
❧ Our Goals❧ Explore Principles and Practices
of Restorative Relationships in School Communities
❧ Describe the Context for Including Restorative Practices in Interactions with Students and Colleagues
❧ Why Restorative Practices
❧ Identify Practices that Restore
❧ Articulate Strengths and Weaknesses of Restorative Practices
❧Your Goals❧ Post It
❧❧ The school custodian comes to school early on
Monday morning to prepare the school for the onslaught of eager learners.❧ He finds the boys locker room trashed.❧ By noon, he knows who did it …
Restorative Practice
❧❧ John Calvin middle school is pleased that it is
committed to including students with disabilities. The Board, Administration, and Staff agree that inclusion is the ‘right thing to do.’ ❧ Wiley Kidd has been assigned to the classroom
of sixth grade teacher, Ben A’Round. Ben knows Wiley as a troubled student and he keeps Wiley on a “short leash.”❧ Wiley has been sent out of the classroom eight
times in the first two months of school.❧ Wiley has consequently been asked to stay home
for two days.❧ Ben’s colleagues are frustrated.
Restorative Practice
❧❧ What questions do we ask about these
situations?
Restorative Practice
❧❧ Typically:
❧ Why do students do bad things?
❧ Why do teachers act in ways that marginalize students?
❧How does one manage conflict between staff and individuals?
Restorative Practice
❧❧ Reframe the question …?
❧ Why do students do good things? Why do they do the right thing?
❧ Why do teachers act in ways that celebrate students?
Restorative Practice
❧❧ Reframing … really?
Restorative Practice
❧❧ What does an ideal school culture look like?
❧ What would a visitor to an ideal school see?
❧ What presents as opportunities to achieving this culture?
❧ What presents as barriers to achieving this culture?
❧ What is a true community?
❧ Describe your family about conflict or difference?
Restorative Practice
❧Restorative Practice
StaffBoard/Committee/Administration
❧Restorative Practice
Staff Staff
❧Restorative Practice
ClassTeacher
❧Restorative Practice
Student
Teacher
❧Restorative Practice
Student
Student
❧❧ Key Feature
❧ Restorative Practice is about …❧ Restoration of broken relationship …❧ Some definers and extenders of “broken”
❧ Harmed❧ Strained❧ Stressed❧ Separated❧ Conflict❧ Hurt
❧ Building relationships proactively
Restorative Practice
❧Restorative Practice
❧ Ethos and Learning Intertwined …❧ Culture and
Concepts
18
❧Restorative Practice
Workplace
❧ Key Principles❧ Conflict disrupts
relationship❧ Obligations to resolve
conflict❧ Involve all
stakeholders❧ Resolve the conflict
Classroom
❧ Key Principles❧ Harm disrupts
relationship❧ Obligations to make it
right❧ Involve all
stakeholders❧ Put right the harm
19
❧Restorative Practice
Workplace ClassroomManage Harm
Negative behavior breaks rules
Actor accepts consequences of harm
Adults responsible for resolution
To maintain community tranquility, develop and implement efficient rules, codes, and consequences
Manage Conflict
Conflict breaks contracts
Actor accepts consequences of conflict
Authorities responsible for solution
To maintain peace, develop and implement efficient rules and expectations
20
❧Restorative Practice
Workplace ClassroomManage Harm Restore
RelationshipNegative behavior breaks rules
Negative behavior causes harm
Actor accepts consequences of harm
Actor takes steps to repair harm
Adults responsible for resolution
Those involved should be involved in resolution
To maintain community tranquility, develop and implement efficient rules, codes, and consequences
To build community, it is important develop ownership for behavior
Manage Conflict Restore Relationship
Conflict breaks contracts
Conflict strains relationships
Actor accepts consequences of conflict
Actor takes steps to repair conflict
Authorities responsible for solution
Those involved in conflict responsible for solution
To maintain maintain, develop and implement efficient rules and expectations
To build community, it is important to develop and implement community ownership 21
❧Restorative Practice
Adversarial
❧ What rules have been broken?
❧ Who broke the rules?❧ What consequence
do they deserve?
Restorative
❧ What happened?❧ What harm
happened?❧ Who has been hurt?❧ What needs to be
done to repair the harm?
22
❧Restorative Practice
Challenging Behavior
❧What happened?❧What were you thinking
at the time?❧What have you thoughts
about since?❧Who has been affected
by what you did? In what way?
❧What do you think you need to do to make things right?
When Someone Harmed
❧What did you think when you realized what happened?
❧What impact has this incident had on you and others?
❧What has been the hardest thing for you?
❧What do you think needs to happen to make things right? 23
❧Restorative Practice
❧High Relationship Window
ControlLimit Setting
Discipline
TOPunitive
WITHRestorative
NOTNeglectful
FORPermissive
Low SupportEncouragement, Nurture
Restorative Practice
❧High Relationship Window
ControlLimit Setting
Discipline
TOPunitive
Authoritarian
WITHRestorative
Authoritative
NOTNeglectful
Ignored
FORPermissive
Objects of Need
Low SupportEncouragement, Nurture
Restorative Practice
❧High Relationship Window
ControlLimit Setting
Discipline
TOPunitive
AuthoritarianStigmatizing Shame
WITHRestorative
AuthoritativeRe-integrating Shame
NOTNeglectful
Ignored
FORPermissive
Objects of Need
Low SupportEncouragement, Nurture
Restorative Practice
❧High Relationship Window
ControlLimit
SettingDiscipline
TO WITH
NOT FOR
Low SupportEncouragement, Nurture
Restorative Practice
In which domain do you mostly practice?
❧Restorative Practice
❧❧ Summary: Implementation
1 Relationships are central to community2 Systems/structures address behavior intended
to strengthen relationships3 Focus on harm done, rather than rule breaking4 Give voice to the ‘harmed’5 Embrace collaborative problem solving6 Seek enduring change7 Enhance responsibility
Restorative Practice
❧❧ Break Out … Story Time …
❧ Administrative Group
❧ Classroom/Educator Group
Restorative Practice
❧❧ Summary
❧ School Culture ….
❧ S. W. O. T.
Restorative Practice
❧Restorative Practice
❧Restorative Practice
❧❧ Classroom/Educator Group
Restorative Practice
Continuum of Restorative Practice - Discipline
INFORMAL FORMAL
affective statements
affective questions
small impromptu conference
group or circle
formal conference
❧Continuum of Restorative Practice - Discipline
INFORMAL FORMAL
affective statements
affective questions
small impromptu conference
group or circle
formal conference
“Stop teasing Sandy.” “It makes me uncomfortable when I hear you teasing Sandy.”
“You know better than to talk during class.”
“I am frustrated that you are not listening to me.”
“Sit down and be quiet.” “I get really angry when you talk and joke during my presentations.”
“I don’t want to see you fighting with him.”
“I was shocked to see you hurt Pete.”
Restorative Practice
❧Continuum of Restorative Practice - Discipline
INFORMAL FORMAL
affective statements
affective questions
small impromptu conference
group or circle
formal conference
To the Harmer To the Harmed
“What happened?” “What did you think when you realized what happened?”
“What were you thinking at the time?” “What impact has this incident had on you and others?”
“What have you thought about since?” “What has been the hardest thing for you?”
“Who has been affected by what you’ve done? In what way?”
“What do you think needs to happen to make things right?”
“What do you think you need to do to make things right?”
Restorative Practice
❧Continuum of Restorative Practice - Discipline
INFORMAL FORMAL
affective statements
affective questions
small impromptu conference
group or circle
formal conference
A middle school student shoves a peer’s books out of his hands and kicks them down the hallway.
A teacher who sees this pulls them aside and says,
Two students are fighting about who goes first down the slide.
Restorative Practice
❧Continuum of Restorative Practice - Discipline
INFORMAL FORMAL
affective statements
affective questions
small impromptu conference
group or circle
formal conference
A middle school student shoves a peer’s books out of his hands and kicks them down the hallway.
A teacher who sees this pulls them aside and says, “Hey, what happened here?” Letting each talk.To the peer she says, “How were you affected by that?”The teacher says, “I don’t feel safe in the hallway when students fight or are mean to each other.”“How will they resolve this issue?”
Two students are fighting about who goes first down the slide.
Restorative Practice
❧Continuum of Restorative Practice - Discipline
INFORMAL FORMAL
affective statements
affective questions
small impromptu conference
group or circle
formal conference
A middle school student shoves a peer’s books out of his hands and kicks them down the hallway.
A teacher who sees this pulls them aside and says, “Hey, what happened here?” Letting each talk.To the peer she says, “How were you affected by that?”The teacher says, “I don’t feel safe in the hallway when students fight or are mean to each other.”“How will they resolve this issue?”
Two students are fighting about who goes first down the slide.
A teacher intervenes by
Restorative Practice
❧Continuum of Restorative Practice - Discipline
INFORMAL FORMAL
affective statements
affective questions
small impromptu conference
group or circle
formal conference
A middle school student shoves a peer’s books out of his hands and kicks them down the hallway.
A teacher who sees this pulls them aside and says, “Hey, what happened here?” Letting each talk.To the peer she says, “How were you affected by that?”The teacher says, “I don’t feel safe in the hallway when students fight or are mean to each other.”“How will they resolve this issue?”
Two students are fighting about who goes first down the slide.
A teacher intervenes by saying, “When I saw you arguing, I was really scared for you. What happened?” Allowing the girls each to talk.“What was your part in what happened? Remember, right now we are talking only about your part.”“Now, what can you each do to make this better?”
Restorative Practice
❧Continuum of Restorative Practice - Discipline
INFORMAL FORMAL
affective statements
affective questions
small impromptu conference
group or circle
formal conference
Responsive Circles – Restore Proactive Circles – Build
Repair Harm
Find Solutions
Restorative Practice
❧Restorative Practice
Challenging Behavior
❧What happened?❧What were you thinking
at the time?❧What have you thoughts
about since?❧Who has been affected
by what you did? In what way?
❧What do you think you need to do to make things right?
When Someone Harmed
❧What did you think when you realized what happened?
❧What impact has this incident had on you and others?
❧What has been the hardest thing for you?
❧What do you think needs to happen to make things right? 43
❧❧Locker Room Trashed
❧Punishment❧ Suspension from school❧ Consequences minimally connected to behavior
❧Consequences❧ Clean the locker room❧ Attempt to fit punishment to the “crime”
❧Solutions❧ Why was the student in the locker room & motivated to trash it?❧ Misbehavior is a problem to be solved
❧Restoration❧ Work with all involved to find ways to put things right❧ Identifies and integrates needs and purposes behind the behavior
and the needs of those harmed
Restorative Practice
❧Continuum of Restorative Practice - Discipline
INFORMAL FORMAL
affective statements
affective questions
small impromptu conference
group or circle
formal conference
Responsive Circles – Restore Proactive Circles – Build
Repair Harm “Check In/Check Out”
Find Solutions “Classroom Norms”
“Classroom content”
“Academic Goal Setting”
“Learning Profiles”
“Behavior challenges”
Restorative Practice
❧❧High School Student Sells Her Medication …
Restorative Practice
❧Continuum of Restorative Practice - Discipline
INFORMAL FORMAL
affective statements
affective questions
small impromptu conference
group or circle
formal conference
Restorative Conferences • All those involved and affected by an incident come together.
• Often led by a trained facilitator.• Following a script
• Welcome & Purpose• Offenders begin by talking about what happened• Offenders talk about their thoughts and feelings
since the incident• Offenders talk about how the offended had been
affected• All participants speak to their feelings• All participants are asked about their desired
outcome and how those could be accomplished
Restorative Practice
❧Restorative Practice
48
Leading Change in School Culture
❧❧ Summary
❧ S. W. O. T.
❧ Action Plan
❧ Return to Debrief
Restorative Practice
❧Restorative Practice
References
Restorative Practices❧ IIRP (iirp.edu)
❧ The Restorative Practices Handbook
❧ Restorative Circles in Schools
❧ Restorative Justice Conferencing
❧ The Little Book of Restorative Discipline for Schools; Stutzman, Amstutz, and Mullet
Restorative Influences
❧ Lost at School; Ross Greene
❧ Getting to Yes; Fisher and Ury
❧ Beyond Discipline: From Compliance to Community
50
❧❧ Diane Stronks
❧ Educator Extraordinaire❧ Executive Director, Edifide❧ [email protected]
❧ Phil Stegink❧ Calvin College, Assistant Professor❧ CLC Network, Special Projects❧ [email protected]
Restorative Practice