21
1 ƅŒťŤřŪŒ ŧśŊ ŗƒƃťŞƃŒ œƒœŰƀƃŒ ƏƄŵ ũƒŧťřƃŒ Ƒż ŗŕƄű ¾ƒŮšř Ƒż ƑŪœŪƕŒ ŴŕœŪƃŒ ŻŮƃŒ ŖťœƆ ŗƒƈťƆƃŒƍ ŗƒƈűƍƃŒ ŗƒŕŧřƃŒ ŗƆťƀƆ : ŶƈśŠƈƅŔ Ɠž Řŧŷ ŚŕƎŠ ƃũśŮś Ɠž ƉŕƄƈƅŔ ƓƂŗś ūũŔŧƈƅŔ ƉŌ ƛŏ Ļ ŕţƅŕŰ ĻŕƊųŔƏƈ ƉƏƄƔƅ ŧũſƅŔ řœŮƊś ƃƅŨ ƀƂţƔ ƒŨƅŔ ūŕŬƗŔ Ŕ ¿ƄŮś ƓśƅŔ ŚŕŷƏŲƏƈƅŔ ƇƍŌ ƉƈƏ řƔƊųƏƅŔ řƔŗũśƅŔ ŵƏŲƏƈ ūũŔŧƈƅŔ Ɠž řƊųŔƏƈƅ řƔƊŧƈƅŔƏ . ƉƔƏƄś Ɠž ƇƎƈ ũƏŧ řƔƅŧŠƅŔ ŕƔŕŲƂƅŔ řŮƁŕƊƈƅ ƉƏƄƔ ƉŌ ƉƄƈƔƏ ŢƅŕŰƅŔ ƉųŔƏƈƅŔ řƂƔũų Ɖƈ ũŝƄōŗƏ . ŸśƏ ŧ ŶƁŔƏŗ ŖƅŕųƅŔ ųŗũś ŕƎƊƗ ƃƅŨ řƔŷŕƈśŠƛŔ ŚŕŬŔũŧƅŔ ūƔũŧś ũŧŕŰƈ ŪũŗŌ Ɖƈ řƔƅŧŠƅŔ ŕƔŕŲƂƅŔ ƌśŕƔţ ŶƈŬƔ ƓśƅŔ ŕƔŕŲƂƅŕŗƏ ŗ ŕƍŧƍŕŮƔ ƏŌ ŕƎ ŘŕƔţƅŔƏ řƄũţƅŔ ŜŸŗśž ƓſŰƅŔ ŽƁƏƈƅŔ řŗŕśũ ũŬƄśƏ . šƏśſƈ ũŔƏţ Əƍ řƈƔƆŬƅŔ řƔųŔũƂƈƔŧƅŔ ũƍƏŠƏ Ɠž řƈŕŷ ūŕƊƅŔ ƇƎś ƓśƅŔ ŕƔŕŲƂƅŔ . Ɠž ƇƎƈ ʼnŪŠƏ ŕƍũƔŻƏ řƔŧŕŰśƁƛŔƏ řƔŬŕƔŬƅŔƏ řƔŷŕƈśŠƛŔ ŚŕŬŕƔŬƅŔ Ɠž řƔƅŧŠƅŔ ŕƔŕŲƂƅŔ řŮƁŕƊƈ ƉƈŲśƔ řœŮŕƊƅŔ ŖƔũŧś . Ŕ řŮƁŕƊƈƏ řŗƆųƅŔ ƉƔŗ ũŔƏţ Əƍ řƔƅŧŠƅŔ ŕƔŕŲƂƅ ƊƔŗ ƏŌ ƉƔŗƏ ƇƎ ƇƎƔƈƆŸƈ Ɠž Ÿŗ ƇŬţś Ƈƅ řƔžƜŦ řƔŲƁ ŧ ŶśƈśƔ ƉŌ ŖƆųśƔ ŕƈƄ ųƏżŲ ƏŌ ŧƏƔƁ Ɯŗ ƒŌũƅŔ Ɖŷ ũƔŗŸśƅŔƏ ũţƅŔ ũƔƄſśƆƅ ĻŕŗŬŕƊƈ ĻŔƏŠ ũŔƏţƅŔ ŖƆųśƔƏ ŦƕŔ ŶŲƏƈ Ɠž ƌŬſƊ ŶŲƔ ƉŌ ƇƆŸśƔ ƉŌƏ ŘŧƔŧŠƅŔ ũŕƄžƗŔ ƑƆŷ ŢśſƊƈ ƉƍŨŗ ũƏŕţƈƅŔ ũ ƋũŴƊ řƎŠƏ ƇƎſƔƅ ŕƍũŧƂƔƏ ŕƎƔž ƀţƅŔ ƌŠƏ ƉƔŗśƔƏ ) Harwood& Hahn,1990 .( ũŴƊƅŔ ŚŕƎŠƏ Ɠž ƉƔſƆśŦƈ ƉƔžũų ƉƔŗ ũƏŧƔ řŮƁŕƊƈƅŔ ¿ŕƄŮŌ ƉƈĻƜƄŮ ũŔƏţƅŔ ŧŸƔ Žũų ¿Ƅ ƑŸŬƔ ŕƈƎƊƈ ŵŕƊƁƙ ƋũŴƊ řƎŠƏŗ ũŦƕŔ ŽũųƅŔ ŕƎƔƆŷ ƀſśƈ ũƔŻ řƔŲƁ Ɠž . Ƒƅŏ ¿ƏŰƏƅŔ ũŔƏţƅŔ Ɖƈ űũżƅŔƏ ƀœŕƂţƅŔ ƏŕţśƈƅŔ ¿ŗƁ Ɖƈ řţƏũųƈƅŔ ũŕƄžƗŔ Ɠž ¿ƈōśƅŔ ƀƔũų Ɖŷ ũ ƉƔ Ļ ŔŧƔƎƈś ůƔţƈśƅŔƏ ¿ƔƆţśƆƅ ŕƎŷŕŲŦŏƏ şœŕśƊƅŔ ůƜŦśŬƛ . ʼn੠ŔŨŏ ƛŏ ŧţƏƈ ƒŌũ ƑƆŷ ƀŕſśƛŔ ŧƍŔƏŮƅŔƏ ƀœŕƂţƅŔ ƉŪƏ ŧŸŗ ŘũƏũŲƅŔ Ɖƈ ūƔƅƏ řƂŬśƈ řŠƔśƊ ũŔƏţƆƅ . ƉƏŧƍŕŮƔ ŕƈƊƔŗž řŗƆųƅŔ ƑƆŷ ŕƎŬſƊ řƔƅŧŠƅŔ ŕƔŕŲƂƅŔ űũſśƏ ŪŕſƆśƅŔ ŚƊũśƊƛŔ ƉƏƈŧŦśŬƔƏ ũƂƔƏ ƏƔŧŔũƅŔ Ƒƅŏ ƉƏŸƈśŬƔƏ ʼn ŕƈ ¿Ƅ ʼnŕſŦŏ ƉƄƈƔ ƛ ƌƊŐž ƇƎśƏƔŗ ¿ŦŔŧ ŚŕŮƁŕƊƈƅŔ Ƒƅŏ ƉƏŸƈśŬƔƏ ŽţŰƅŔ ƉƏ ũŕżŰƅŔ ƉƔƈƆŸśƈƅŔ ƉƏƔŷ Ɖŷ ŕƔŕŲƁ Ɖƈ ¿œŕŬƏƅŔ ƋŨƍ Ɠž . ŶƈśŠƈƅŔ ƇŬƂś ƓśƅŔ ŕƔŕŲƂƅŔ řŗũŕŲśƈ ŚŔũƔŬſś ƀƆŦśƏ Ļ ƛƏƆţƏ ƈ řƔƈƔƁ ƇŴƊ ƑƆŷ řƔƊŗƈ ƑƈŬś řƊƔŕŗś řƔƅŧŠ ŕƔŕŲƁ . ŕƎƊōŗ řƔƅŧŠƅŔ ŕƔŕŲƂƅŔ ŽƔũŸś ƉƄƈƔƏ " řƔžƜŦƅŔ ŚƜƄŮƈƅŔ Ɖƈ řŷƏƈŠƈ ŕƎƅƏƆţ ŚƔƂŗ ƓśƅŔ ƀŕſśŔ ŧƏŠƏ ƇŧŸƅ řţƏśſƈ ŕƎƔƆŷ " . ŭŕƂƊƆƅ Ļ ŔũƏţƈ ƃƅŨƅ ƑƂŗśƏ ŶųŕƁ ƇƄţ Ƒƅŏ ŕƎƔž ¿ƏŰƏƅŔ ƇśƔ Ƈƅ ŕƔŕŲƂƅŔ ƋŨƍ ŧţŔƏƅŔ ŶƈśŠƈƅŔ ʼnŕƊŗŌ ƉƔŗ řƅƏŔŧƈƅŔƏ .

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Page 1: R e d Y j R g [ J W e R W q R W U g Y R V e S...20 W U g v R t ^ R g R..... [

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)1998 .(

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/19)33 :(7 -36.

)2006 .(

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331 .

)2006 .( .

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Albe, V. & Simonneaux, L. (2000). Teaching Socio-Scientific Issues in Classrooms.Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Association forResearch in Science Teaching. New York, L.A. April.

Byford, J.; Lennon, S. & Russel, W. (2009). Teaching Controversial Issues in the SocialStudies. A Research Study of High School Teachers. Journal of EducationalStrategies. V. 82 N. 4.

Claire, H. & Holden, C. (2007). The Challenge of Teaching Controversial Issues.Trentham Books Ltd.

Cross, R. & Price, R. (1996) Science Teacher s Social Conscience and the Role ofControversial Issues in the Teaching of Science. Journal of Research in ScienceTeaching. 33 (3).

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Dube, O. (2009) Addressing Current Controversial Issues Through the Social StudiesCurriculum: Making Social Studies Come Alive. European Journal ofEducational Studies (1).

Gallo, M. (1996) Controversial Issues in Pratice: Classroom Focus. Social Education.60 (1).

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Hess, D. (2001) Teaching Students to Discuss Controversial Issues ERIC, ED 457106.

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Osler, A & Starkey, H (2003). Learning for Cosmopolitan Citizenship . TheoreticalDebates and Young people s Experiences”. Educational Review. 55.3 EJ676907.

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Smith, Di.; Makela, L. & makela, H. (1996). Considering Controversial Issues in theClassroom and Beyond”. In Ohio Council for the Social Studies Review.

VanSickle, R. (1983) Practicing what We Teach: Promoting Democratic Experiencesin the Classroom in Democratic Education in Schools and Classrooms. Editedby Mary Hepburn. National Council for the Social Studies Bulletin 70.Washington, D.C. ED 238 769.

Westheimer, J. & Kahne, J. (2003). “Reconnecting Education to Democracy:Democratic Catalogue Phi Delta Kappan. 85.1.

White, C. (2000) Issues in Social Studies: Voices from the Classroom. Charles C.Thomas Pub. Ltd.