Differences between prokaryotic & eukaryotic

cells

Prokaryotes have no membrane bound organelles such as a nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, golgi apparatus, or endoplasmic reticulum.

only membrane in prokaryotic cells is the plasma membrane, which is the outer boundary

Prokaryotes are most always single celled, except when they exist in colonies

reproduce by binary fission, duplicating their genetic material and then splitting to form two daughter cells identical to the parent.

have few internal structures that are distinguishable under a microscope

Prokaryotic cells

More complex than prokaryotic cells

Most eukaryotic cells also have membrane bound organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts and the Golgi apparatus.

All species of large complex organisms are eukaryotes, including animals, plants and fungi

Cell division in eukaryotes involves separating the duplicated chromosomes, through movements directed by microtubules.

Eukaryotic cells

organelles such as the mitochondrion or chloroplast perform metabolic functions and energy conversion. Other organelles like intracellular filaments provide structural support and cellular motility(ability to move spontaneously and independently.)

-Nucleus: control centre-Ribosome: protein synthesis-Endoplasmic Reticulum: protein synthesis-Golgi Apparatus: packages proteins-Mitochondria: generates energy-Peroxisomes: breakdown fatty acids-Lysosome: digest molecules-Membrane(maybe an organelle): controls what enters and exits the cell

Role & function of organelles

The most noticeable feature that differentiates eukaryotic cells from prokaryotes is the presence of a nucleus.

Differences between the two

Feature Eukaryotic cell Prokaryotic cell

specialization Can specialize for certain functions, such as absorbing nutrients from food or transmitting nerve impulses,

Usually exist as single, virtually identical cells

size Most animal cells are 10–30 micrometers across; most plant cells are 10–100 micrometers across

Most are 1–10 micrometers across

Nucleus Contain a nucleus and many other organelles, each surrounded by a membrane

Lack a nucleus and other membrane-encased organelles

Sexual system Complete nuclear fusion between gametes, with equal contributions from both genomes

Unidirectional transfer of genes from donor to recipient

spindle Present temporarily during mitosis and meiosis

absent

respiration Most forms are aerobic, few are anaerobic

Simple chromatophores(pigment-containing and light-reflecting cells )

types of organism Found in complex organisms, including all plants and animals

Found in simple organisms, including bacteria

Comparing the two