Populations:

◦ Animal Models:

advantages:disadvantages:

How do we study brain/behavior relationships?

populations with injuries or disease

normal populations

Human Models

History:

◦ phrenology:

Humans

http://www.phrenology.com/criminalbrain.html

Assessment of Structure vs Function

Non-invasive ways of viewing brain function

CT or Cat Scan

Structure

CT Scan

CT or Cat Scan

◦3 D xrays

Structure

CT or Cat Scan

MRI's

Structure

magnetic resonance imaging

CT

MRI

EEG - electroencephalogram

Ways to look at function

EEG – electroencephalogram

◦ ERPs – evoked related potentials

Ways to look at function

PET scans◦ rCBF – regional cerebral blood flow

Premise – more blood flow means more (neuronal) activity

Ways to look at function

PET scans◦ rCBF

◦ 2DG – 2 deoxyglucose Premise – need for more sugar – need for more

energy – more (neuronal) activity

Ways to look at function

PET scans◦ rCBG

◦ 2DG

Ways to look at function

fMRIs

Structure and Function

Histological analysis

Lesion studies ◦ Rationale – if an area is damaged and behavior

changes….. the neurons in that area play a role?

More Invasive methodology

Electrical stimulation

◦ Rationale: if we stimulate an area and we produce or stop a particular behavior….the neurons in that region are important for that behavior

Delgado’s classic experiment

Electrical stimulation

Pharmacological manipulations◦ Use of drugs and various agents

Microdialysis- looks at the amount of neurotransmitter released in a region of the brain….

a lot more techniques are available