Upload
charles-stafford
View
216
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Nuclear/cereal packet family
extended family
REASONS FOR AN INCREASE IN ONE-PERSON HOUSEHOLDS
People live longer – aging population People who remain single and childless
throughout their lives Divorced International migrants Have partners but choose to live apart Live alone before marrying Decline in stigma Secularisation
TRENDS
Trends in marriage:
Marriage rate is number of marriages per thousand per year
Marriage is decreasing 1981 marriage rate 7.1 2005 marriage rate 5.2 The age people are getting married has
increased Re-marriage accounts for 40% of
marriages
1. Approximately how many marriages are there in Britain every hour?
2. What happened to the number of marriages between 2011 and 2012?
a. 10b. 30c. 60
a. Stayed the sameb. Increasedc. Decreased
3. What percentage of marriages in Britain take place in a religious setting?
4. What is the average (mean) age of marriage for women in the UK?
a. 10%b. 30%c. 60%
a. 30 yearsb. 34 yearsc. 38 years
The number of divorces doubled from 1961-1969
Doubled again by 1972 Divorce rate peaked in 1993 Recently numbers have fallen but are 6
times higher than 1961 The Divorce Law Reform Act (1969)
FS LE EIStigma
Expectations
Laws
ExpensiveFeminism
SSecularisation
Increase in births outside of marriage and cohabitation
HOW RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PARENTS AND CHILDREN HAVE CHANGED
Parent-child relationships in the past Children were sent out to work as a means of family
income ‘Children should be seen and not heard’ ‘Childhood’ as a life-stage was recognised with the
Education Act (1918)
Contemporary parent-child relationships Less authoritarian more emphasis on individual
freedom Children are important members of the family, their
views are important Children have rights
THINGS YOU CAN DO!Go to a young offenders institute if it can be proven you knew you were doing wrong
Buy a pet
Get a part-time job e.g. paper round
Buy a lottery ticket, age of consent
Buy alcohol, get married, get a tattoo etc
1. In pairs come up with at least three examples of how you think childhood may differ across, time, place and culture.
2. Make a list of all the ways in which we distinguish adults and children in modern UK society
TIF: Describe your experiences during your childhood. Was it a privileged time?
Childhood
Childhood as we know it did not exist
Children were ‘mini-adults’ who took part in the same work and play activities as adults.
Toys and games specifically for children did not exist.
Children were punished for crimes in the same way that adults were
High infant and indeed child mortality rates encouraged indifference and neglect
Children worked on land in fields
CHILD CENTRED SOCIETY
Special food/drink for kids
Have their own toys, TV programmes, play areas made
especially for them!!
Have their own doctors, teachers etc,
to care for them
Children are provided with an
education
1. Describe one way in which relations between parents and their children have changed in the past 50 years and explain why this change has happened. (5 marks)
2. Discuss how far sociologists would agree that changes in family size have led to families becoming more child-centred. (12 marks)
FUNCTIONALIST Nuclear family key institution in society Individuals have basic needs that need
to be met for society to run smoothly Four main functions Reproduction Economic Emotional Primary socialisation
NEW RIGHT More recent version of the functionalist
approach Traditional, patriarchal, nuclear family is
the ideal family Children more likely to develop into stable
adults if brought up by both parents Young boys brought up by single-mothers
lack role models and become delinquent Woman carer man breadwinner Oppose gay rights, sexual freedom and
abortion
MARXIST
Conflict view Critical of the family The nuclear family allows social
inequalities to continue from one generation to the next – rich able to pass on huge wealth
Private education Ideology: through the socialization in the
family lower class groups are taught to accept their position in society
Unit of consumption
FEMINIST
Conflict view Critical of the family Has a negative impact on the lives of women Marriage benefits men more than women –
free domestic labour and sexual services The differences between men and women
are socially constructed and the family contributes to this through primary socialization – different language, clothes, toys
Young children learn how they are expected to behave and take on the roles they see their parents perform
Describe one criticism of the traditional nuclear family made by some sociologists and explain why other sociologists might not agree. [5 marks]
ROLESSome Sociologists argue that from the nuclear family, joint conjugal roles have
come about. Bott (1957)Bott identified two types of ways which
household jobs can be shared.
These are the separate roles which are allocated to a man and a women in the home.
Segregated Roles Husband and wives lead separate lives and have distinct roles.
Joint Roles Husband and wife are more flexible in that they share tasks.
SYMMETRICAL FAMILY Willmott and Young (1971)Willmott and Young saw how the increase
in the nuclear family would lead to joint conjugal roles being developed.
Willmott and Young made a prediction that equal and shared responsibilities would be the norm for British families in the future.
ROLE CHANGESWillmott and Young claimed that although
the wife still continues to have primary responsibility, 72% of husbands get involved with housework tasks other
than washing up.
CRITICISM OF W&Y: FEMINIST PERSPECTIVEOakley (1974) Oakley argues that men only have to do
a few tasks around the house to qualify as having joint roles.
Oakley’s research found that it was rare for men to do a lot of housework.
Men participated in 15% of housework and 25% of childcare
Men ‘cherry pick’ the best jobs
INEQUALITY IN THE HOME
Triple shift- Paid employment - Housework - Emotional work which is needed in order
to make a relationship work.
OR
Dual burden
INEQUALITY IN THE HOMEPahl (1989, 1993)
Pahl carried out a study on how couples managed their money and discovered that just over a quarter of couple had system of money management where
by the degree of equality was fair.
Think about your household. Is there equalityWhen it comes to money management.
INEQUALITY IN THE HOMEEdgell…The decisions which men made
were: Moving House Finance CarThe decisions which women made
were: Interior Decorations Food and Other Domestic
Spending Children's Clothes
Discuss how far sociologists would agree that the roles of men and women in the family have changed significantly in the past 50 years. (12 marks)
Explain what sociologists mean by authority relationships in families. (4 marks)
Explain what sociologists mean by the domestic division of labour. (4 marks)
WHY ARE WE LIVING LONGER?
Task: Draw a mind map to show the reasons why we are living longer. Work in pairs.
TIF task: Choose one factor from your mind map and explain in detail how it affects someone's life
expectancy.
Why are we living
longer?
WelfareDevelopments in pubic health e.g. sewage
system
Improvements in medicine &
healthcare
Reduction in infant
mortality
Why are we living
longer?
WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF AN AGEING POPULATION?
Negative
Consume public services: healthcare housing transport
Increase in dependency ration: leads to higher taxes
Shortage of workers Pension time-
bomb
TIF: What are the positives to having an ageing population?
Provide free childcare
Charity volunteers often rely on elderly
people