n-NUCLEUS INTERACTIONSOPEN QUESTIONS and FUTURE PROJECTSCristina VOLPEInstitut de Physique Nuclaire Orsay, France n

I. MotivationII. Present Status,Open Questions III. Future Projects:Low-energy Beta-beams IV. Conclusions and PerspectivesPLANn

Neutrino-EnergyWe will focus on the low neutrino impinging energies.Different sources produce neutrinos whose energiesspan various orders of magnitude. Cristina Volpe (IPN Orsay)

Nuclei are often used as neutrino detectors in, e.g. solar experiments, supernova observatories or oscillation measurements.Motivation: n-Detector Response Oscillation measurements THE INTERPRETATION RELIES UPON PRECISE KNOWLEDGE OF THE CROSS SECTIONS.E X A M P L ECristina Volpe (IPN Orsay)

Understanding NucleosynthesisThe site where the heavy elements are synthetized is not known. Calculations of abundances.Supernova type II explosions: 99 % of the energy is emitted as neutrinos.n-NUCLEUS INTERACTIONS ARE NEEDED.Cristina Volpe (IPN Orsay)

Nuclear Degrees of FreedomNucleon Degrees of FreedomFermi GasEFT, MicroscopicApproaches (RPA, Shell Model), EPT,n-EnergyNeutrinos probe nuclei over a wide energy range. Cristina Volpe (IPN Orsay)n-Nucleus Interactions: Present status Experimental data are very scarce (deuteron and iron, carbon).Theoretical predictions are absolutely necessary.The interpolation between these two regimes as well as the extrapolation from stable to exotic nuclei are needed !

Constraints and ChallengesVery low momentum transfer(a few MeVs)b-decayLow momentum transfer(about 100 MeV)m-captureBUTFrom model-independent sum-rules, for some states.E X A M P L ECN0+1+1-1-2+3-Neutrinos can transfer a lot of energy to a nucleus. nm + 12C 12N +m-LARGE SCALE CALCULATIONS ARE REQUIRED.Cristina Volpe (IPN Orsay)From other weak processes :

=15 MeV30 MeV50 MeVne + 208Pb 208Bi + e-PbBi0+1+1-1-2+3-E X A M P L ENEUTRINOS AS a PROBE for NUCLEAR STRUCTURE STUDIES.Cristina Volpe (IPN Orsay)

(Other) Open QuestionsCristina Volpe (IPN Orsay)

Is there a possibility to perform systematicneutrino-nucleus interaction studies at low energies?n

STRATEGIES Neutrino beams can be produced with pmnmmenmneTHE BETA-BEAM CONCEPT: Zucchelli, PLB 2002Lorentz boostQ 1/highng6He6HeCONVENTIONAL METHODS:6He 6Li + e- + ne Pure neutrino beams produced by boostingions which decay through beta-decay.nCristina Volpe (IPN Orsay)

THE PROPOSAL Volpe, Journ. Phys. G. 30 (2004).Low-energy Beta-beamsTo exploit the beta-beam concept to produce intense and pure low-energy neutrino beams. A BETA-BEAM FACILITY FOR LOW-ENERGY NEUTRINOS.Cristina Volpe (IPN Orsay)

Cristina Volpe (IPN Orsay)CERNGANIL IntensitiesDetectorg1012 n/s14p1012-14 n/s1-1004p andClose detectorMany laboratories will produce intense exotic ion beams in the future.Possible SitesGSI 109 n/s1-10StorageRingCERN A UNIQUE SITE FOR THE n-INTENSITIES & ENERGIES.

PSStorageRingSPSB. Autin et al, J.Phys. G.GeneveItaly130 kmUNOProductionandaccelerationof exotic ionsBaselineScenarioatCERNIf a high-energy beta-beam is built EURISOLCristina Volpe (IPN Orsay)CP VIOLATION,PROTON DECAY,SUPERNOVA n.One of the possible scenarios : It can be part of it.

n-Nucleus Interaction RatesJ. Serreau and C. Volpe, hep-ph/0403293.Small RingLarge Ring2577982645103707792294531956ne + 208Pbne + 16One + DEventsper yearfor g=14Small Ring : Lss = 150 m, Ltot = 450m Large Ring :Lss = 2.5 km, Ltot =7.5 kmNeutrino FluxesINTERESTING INTERACTION RATES CAN BE OBTAINED.Cristina Volpe (IPN Orsay)Mass (tons)gnn~2gQb/235952360

The n-Magnetic Moment: Prospects G.C. McLaughlin and C. Volpe, Phys. Lett. B 591 (2004). THE LIMIT CAN BE IMPROVED BY ONE ORDER of MAGNITUDE .

Conclusions and Perspectives

More to comeConclusions and PerspectivesJust approved !