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Ø- n{krk xfrfof/k Ø- xfrfof/k dk uke vko';d@ç;qä lkexzh
1 1 D;k gS yEck] D;k gS xksy pkWd] feêh bR;kfn
2 2 vkvks feyku djsaA cht] dadM+ vkfn
3 3,d leku oLrqvksa ds lewg
cukb,AfofHkUu vkdkj dh oLrq,¡ ¼dqN xksy] dqN yEch] pkSdksu] frdksu
oLrq,¡½
4 4 cksy HkkbZ fdrus\ ?ksjk cuok,
5 5 la[;k igpkuks] lkexzh tekvks dadM+] rhyh] cht] pkWd
6 6 ist yxkvks&fdrkc cukvks 1 ls 20 rd fy[kh nks lsV ifpZ;ka] ist
7 7 dkMZ mBkvks] uke crkvks la[;k dkMZ 1 ls 20 rd
8 8 crkvks dkSu T;knk] dkSu de fxurh pkVZ ¼1 ls 100½
9 9 [kkyh dkSu] Hkjk dkSu la[;k pkVZ ftlesa dqN [kkus [kkyh gks vkSj dqN Hkjs gksaA
10 10 dkMZ mBkvks viuh txg cukvks la[;k dkMZ 1 ls 20 rd ¼1lsV½
11 11 ekSf[kd tksM+uk ekSf[kd tksM+uk pkVZ
12 12 dadM+ Qsadks vkSj tksM+ks dadM+] pkWd] rhfy;k¡
13 13 dadM+ feykvks dadM+] ckWDl ¼dkxt dk fMCck½
14 14la[;k js[kk dh lgk;rk ls
tksM+ukpkWd] dadM+] beyh ds cht vkSj pwM+h ds VqdM+s
15 15 vkvks loky cuk,¡A CySdcksMZ vkSj pkWd16 16 gS.M fØdsV CySdcksMZ vkSj pkWd17 17 xhr xk,¡ dsys [kk,¡ vad dkMZ
18 18 fdruk cpk\ vad dkMZ] dadM+] cht
19 19 de djks 'ks"k fxuks dadM+] rhyh] cht
20 20 lkr iw¡N dk pwgk vad dkMZ] fp= dkMZ
21 21 fglkc uewuk uksV ;k flDds
22 22 vkvks cPpksa [ksysa ge 0 ls 18 rd ds la[;k dkMZ
23 23 iSVuZ igpkuksfp=ksa ds fofHkUu iSVuZ ¼if=dkvksa ds fp=] dqN oLrqvksa ds fp=
vyx&vyx vkdkj ds½
24 24 oLrq,¡ ykvks vkSj tekvksvklikl ifjos'k esa ikbZ tkus okyh fofHkUu oLrq,¡ tSls& dadM+] cht]
rhyh
25 25 vkvks iSVuZ cukvks iqjkus dSys.Mj
26 26 feêh ls vk—fr cukvks feêh ,oa ikuh
27 27 vkvks vk—fr igpkus ifjos'k esa miyC/k fofHkUu oLrq,¡
28 28 ge iwNs vki crk,¡Ldsy] pk¡nk] lsV LDok;j] xksy jkWM] ydM+h] v[+kckj] QksVks ds Ýse
vkfn
29 29 tknw dh lhadsa leku yEckbZ dh lw[kh lhadsa
30 30 ik¡lksa dk [ksy ik¡ls ¼çR;sd lewg gsrw 2½
vuqØef.kdk
çkFkfed Lrj xq.kk
?kVkuk
iSVuZ
T;kfe
fr
la[;
k ig
pku
tksM+uk
[1]
xfrfof/k;k¡ djkus ds fy, /;ku nsus ;ksX; dqN ckrsa %
cPpksa dh cSBd O;oLFkk d{kkokj ugha gksxh] csgrj gksxk ftrus f'k{kd 'kkyk esa gSa mlh
ds vuq:i cPpksa dks lkewfgd :i ls cSBk,A
xfrfof/k;k¡ fgUnh o xf.kr dh lq>k;h xbZ gS vr% ,d lewg esa ,d fo"k; rks nwljs
lewg esa nwljs fo"k; dk p;u dj xfrfof/k;k¡ djkoasA
xfrfof/k dks etsnkj cukus ds fy, bl rjg dk okrkoj.k fufeZr djsa fd cPpksa dks
vkil esas [ksyuk] ckrphr djuk] dqN etsnkj dke djuk gS] ftlesa fu;e@rjhdksa dh
Lora=rk jgsxhA
cPpksa dh LosPNk dks T;knk egRo fn;k tkosa ;fn lHkh cPps dqN fu.kZ; ysrs gSa rks mls
/;kuiwoZd lqudj ;Fkksfpr vuqefr@lgefr nh tkosxhA
xfrfof/k;ksa@[ksyksa dk ,d Øe fn;k x;k gS ;fn vki ,oa cPps pkgrs gS rks fdlh Hkh
xfrfof/k dks dHkh Hkh djk;k tk ldrk gSA
xfrfof/k;k¡ lq>kokRed gSa] bUgsa vo'; i<+sA vki pkgsa rks ;gh ;k blh izdkj dh vU;
xfrof/k;ka@[ksy djk ldrs gSaA
xfrfof/k gsrq lq>k;h xbZ lkexzh ds LFkku ij miyC/k nwljh lkexzh ls Hkh
[ksy@xfrfof/k djkbZ tk ldrh gS dsoy /;ku j[ksa fd xfrfof/k djkus dk mn~ns';
iwjk gksA vFkkZr xfrfo/kh ls lEcfU/kr yfuZax vkÅVdEl fodflr gksA
izkFkfed Lrj ds cPpksa ds jssehfM;s'ku ds fy, xf.kr esa d{kk 3 ds Lrj dh rFkk iwoZ
ek/;fed Lrj ds cPpksa ds fy, d{kk 5oha ds Lrj dh ewyHkwr n{krkvksa dh
vo/kkj.kkRed le> nsus ls lacaf/kr xfrfof/k;k¡ lq>k;h xbZ gSA
tks cPps ihNs gSa mUgsa lh[kus ds volj feysaxs tks lh[k jgs gSa og tYnh lh[ksaxs rFkk
tks lh[k pqds gSa mUgsa iqujkofRr ds volj fey jgs gksaxsA
xfrfof/k;k¡ djkrs le; gesa mu cPpksa dks viuk y{; cukuk gS tks lh[kus dh izfØ;k
esa ihNs jg x, gSa mUgsa lh[kus ds iqu% volj nsus ds fy, ;g xfrfof/k;k¡ gSaA
fdlh ,d n{krk dh le> gsrq lq>k;h xbZ ,d ls vf/kd xfrfof/k;k¡ gesa d{kk ds
cPpksa ls djkuh gS tks cPps lh[kus esa ihNs gSa mUgsa ;gh xfrfof/k;k¡ bl rjg ls djkuh
[2]
gSa ftlls mudk lh[kuk lqfuf'pr gks ldsA ¼lkexzh dk ifjfLFkfr@vko';drk
vuqlkj iz;ksx½
vis{kk gS fd ekg vizSy o twu ds dk;Z fnolksa esa lq>k;h xbZ leLr xfrfof/k;k¡@[ksy
vkids fo|ky; esa vko';d :i ls gksa] ftlls lHkh cPpksa dks izkFkfed Lrj dh
ewyHkwr n{krk, izkIr gks tkosaA tSlk fd vki Hkh tkurs gSa fd ewyHkwr n{krk dks iw.kZ
fd;s fcuk cPps vkxs vkus okyh n{krkvksa dks ugha lh[k ikrs gS vkSj blh dkj.k og
iyk;uoknh gksdj MªkWivkmV cPpksa dh Js.kh esa 'kkfey gks tkrs gSaA
cPpksa dh vko';drkuqlkj fdlh Hkh xfrfof/k ds rjhds@lkexzh vkfn es cnyko djus
dh iwjh Lora=rk gSA cl mn~ns'; ;g gS fd 'kkyk esa cPPkksa dks etk vk;sa] ets ds
lkFk&lkFk lh[kuk Hkh gks vkSj lh[kuk Hkh ,slk gks tks le> dks fodflr djsa A
iznk; dh tk jgh lkexzh ¼xfrfof/k;k¡ djkus gsrq lq>ko½ vkids fy, gS] vkidks
xfrfof/k;k¡ djus esa vklkuh gks] rFkk ml xfrfof/k ls D;k fl[kkuk gSa og vkids vius
efLr"d esa jgsA
^^vkvks ckr djsa** vkidks ;g /;ku djkus ds fy, fy[kk x;k gS fd djkbZ xbZ
xfrfof/k@[ksy djus ds i'pkr~ gekjs cPpksa dks D;k lh[k ysuk pkfg,@iqujko`fRr gks
tkuh pkfg, blds fy, vkidks dqN lq>ko Hkh fn;s x;s gSaA vFkkZr~ gekjh vo/kkj.kk
¼n{krk½ D;k gS bldh iwfrZ dSls dh tk ldrh gSA ;g dk;Z Þvkvks ckr djsaß esa
iquZoyu ds :i esa djuk gSaA
vkvks ckr djsa ;k xfrfof/k izfØ;k ds vUr esa dqN loky djus@dqN
fy[kus@vfHkO;fDr vkfn dk;Z djkus dk Hkh lq>ko fn;k x;k gSA blls cPps lacaf/kr
n{krk dks Bhd ls le> x, gS ;k n{krk iw.kZ dj yh gS bldk irk pyrk gSA blfy,
tgk¡ vki vko';d le>s ogk¡ ij cPpksa ls fyf[kr dk;Z Hkh djkus@tgk¡ fyf[kr dk;Z
ugha Hkh lq>k;k x;k gks ogk¡ Hkh vkidh vko';drk gS rks vo'; djkosaA
[3]
vkuUnnk;d lh[kuk D;ksa\ xf.kr
f'k{kd lkfFk;ksa&
ge tkurs gS fd xf.kr esa izkjaHk ls gh ge la[;kvksa ds izrhdksa ¼1]2]3--------½ dks ysdj
fxuuk] igpkuuk ,oa bu ij lafØ;kvksa dks gy djus ds fu;e cPpksa dks fl[kkrs vk;s gSaA
bu izrhdksa dh vewrZrk ds dkj.k cPps la[;k i)fr] lafØ;kvksa dks gy djus esa dqN xyfr;k¡a
djrs gSa] ftldh cM+h otg rduhdh :i ls fl[kkus dh izfØ;k ds vuqikyu ls gSA ;g
ns[kus esa vk;k gS fd bl rduhdh izfØ;k ls lh[kus esa dqN cPps vkxs vk tkrs gSa] cM+h
la[;k esa cPps ihNs ;k chp esa jg tkrs gSaA
gekjs izns'k ds dqN f'k{kdksa us blds lek/kku <wa<s+ gS mUgksaus la[;k i}fr ,oa lafØ;kvksa
dks dgus ds fy, mudk ewfrZdj.k ¼Bksl oLrqvksa ls½ fd;k gSA
xf.kr dks le>us okys tkudkj Hkh ;gh lykg nsrs gaS fd 'kq:vkrh d{kkvksa esa xf.kr
dks le>us ds fy, mls cPpksa ds vuqHko ds nk;js esa ykuk t:jh gSA
xf.kr dh izdfr esa ;g fufgr gS fd mls le>us dk ,d fuf'pr Øe gS tSls& nks
la[;kvksa dks le>s fcuk] mUgsa tksM+uk rduhdh :i ls jVk;k tk ldrk gS ij le> ds lkFk
lh[kuk ugha gksrk gSA
xf.kr dh fdlh vo/kkj.kk dks le>us dk eryc mldh igpku ;k rduhdh :i ls
gy djuk ugha gSaA tSls& dksbZ cPpk 38 dks igpku dj 38 dg nsa] bldk eryc ;g ugha
gS fd og 38 dh ek=kRed le> mls Li"V gSaA
vizSy o twu ekg esa ge le> vk/kkfjr izfØ;k ls xf.kr le>us dh dqN xfrfof/k;k¡
djkuk pkgrs gSa ftldk mn~ns'; ;g gS fd l= ds izkjaHk ls gh cPps ewyHkwr n{krkvksa ij
le> dks fodflr djus okyh xfrfof/k;ksa esa Hkkxhnkjh djsaA
xfrfof/k lEiUu djkus dh izdfr bl izdkj ls gS fd izkjaHk esa Bksl oLrqvksa ls
'kq:vkr dh tkosa] gj cPps dh lgHkkfxrk lqfuf'pr gks] izR;sd cPpk viuh le> dk
vf/kdre mi;ksx dj jgk gks] ftldh vfHkO;fDr nks rjg ls ifjyf{kr gks ,d&Hkkxhnkjh
ds :i esa] nwljk fd;s x;s dk;Z dks] mldh otg dks] vius 'kCnksa esa crk ik;sA xf.kr dk
cM+k mn~ns'; leL;kvksa dks dsoy gy djuk gh ugha] cfYd ml leL;k ds gy ij
[4]
rkfdZd :i ls lkspuk] gy djus ds vius rjhds <w¡a<uk] mUgsa vius rdZ lfgr O;Dr dj
ikuk gSA
vizSy o twu ekg esa vk;ksftr dh tkus okyh dqN ewyHkwr n{krk dh le> vk/kkfjr
xfrfof/k;k¡ lq>kokRed :i ls iznk; dh tk jgh gSaA ge tkurs gS fd bl rjg dh vusdksa
xfrfof/k;k¡ vkids ikl laxzfgr gS ;k fufeZr dh tk ldrh gS vkils vis{kk gS fd bl rjg
dh xfrfof/k;k¡ djkrs le; ;g lqfuf’pr djsa fd&
Bksl oLrqvksa dk vuqiz;ksx gksA
izR;sd cPps dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh cusA
xfrfof/k esa 'kkfey cPpksa dh jpukRedrk dks egRo fn;k tkosaA ¼izksRlkgu½
lh[kus esa ihNs jgs cPpksa dks fcuk mUgsa crk, vf/kd ls vf/kd Hkkxhnkj cuk;k tkosaA
xfrfof/k ds ckn ^^vkvks ckr djsa** ds varxZr ,slh ppkZ dh tkosa] ftlesa vo/kkj.kk dh
le> dks mHkkjus] iq"V djus essa cPps dh rkfdZd le> dk vuqiz;ksx gksA ¼T;knk ls
T;knk cPps vius vuqHko dks vfHkO;Dr djsa½
xf.kr esa xfrfof/k djus dk tks vkuan gS og xf.kr dh pqukSfr;ksa dks gy djus esa]
le>us esa] tw>us esa gS] mls cuk, j[kk tkosaA
xfrfof/k esa izfrLi/kkZ gks] pqukSrh gks] vUr esa lh[kus dk vkuan ¼miyfC/k½ gksA
[5]
xfrfof/k & 1
xfrfof/k dk uke & D;k gS yack] D;k gS xksy] tYnh cksy] tYnh cksy
iz;qDr lkexzh& pkWd] feV~Vh bR;kfn
xfrfof/k dh izfØ;k&
rS;kjh& cPpksa dks nks lewg esa ckaVsA
izfØ;k& ,d lewg] nwljs lewg ls d{kk ,oa vklikl miyC/k oLrqvksa ds uke] xhr xkrs gq,
iwNsaxsA tSls& D;k gS yack] D;k gS xksy] tYnh cksy] tYnh cksyA
nwljk lewg ftlls iwNk x;k gS og Hkh xhr xkrs gq, mRRkj nsaxsA fQj nwljk
lewg] igys lewg ls oLrqvksa ds uke xhr xkrs gq, iwNsxk tSls& D;k gS yaack] D;k gS xksy
tYnh cksy] tYnh cksyA blh izdkj ;g xfrfof/k vkxs pysxhA blh rjg cM+k] NksVk] nwj]
ikl vkfn 'kCnksa dks Hkh 'kkfey djsaA
vkvks ckr djsa&
1- cM+k] NksVk] nwj&ikl] eksVk] iryk vkfn 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, ;g xhr xkus dks
dgsaA
2- 'kkyk esa miyC/k oLrqvksa esa ls xksy] yEch] oLrq,¡ crkus dks dgsaA
3- blh izdkj nwj&ikl] eksVk&iryk] NksVk&yEck vkfn oLrqvksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ djsaA
4- yq<+duk] f[klduk oLrqvksa ds vk/kkj ij ppkZ djsaA
[6]
xfrfof/k & 2
xfrfof/k dk uke & vkvks feyku djsaA
iz;qDr lkexzh& cht@dadM+@eksrh vkfnA
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
rS;kjh& tehu@Q'kZ ij fuEufyf[kr rjhds ls dqN xksys cuk;saA
fofHkUu izdkj dh oLrq,¡ ,df=r dj j[ksaA
izfØ;k & nk;h vksj ds xksyksa esa f'k{kd vyx&vyx la[;k esa oLrqvksa dks j[ksaxsA ¼tSls fdlh
xksys esa 4] fQj 6] fQj 9 vkfn½ cPpksa dks Øe ls cqykdj ck;sa xksys esa nk;ha vksj ds xksys ls
rqyuk djrs gq, cjkcj oLrqvksa dks j[kus dks dgsaA
lHkh cPpksa ds lkFk ;g xfrfof/k ckjh&ckjh ls djkbZ tk;saA
vkvks ckr djsa& oLrqvksa ds nks lewgksa esa ,d ls ,d oLrq dk feyku djus o rqyuk djus ij
ppkZ djsaA
,d&,d laxrrk ij ppkZ djsaA
de&T;knk ij ppkZ djsaA
20 rd dh la[;kvksa esa rqyuk djokus ij ppkZ djsaA
[7]
xfrfof/k & 3
xfrfof/k dk uke& ,d leku oLrqvksa ds lewg cukb,
iz;qDr lkexzh& fofHkUu vkdkj dh oLrq,¡ ¼dqN xksy] yEch] pkSdksj] frdksu½
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
rS;kjh& cPpksa dks xksy ?ksjs esa cSBk,¡aA
xksys ds chp esa fofHkUu vkdkj ¼lkbt½ dh oLrq,¡ j[ksaaA
cPpksa dks viuh&viuh ilan dh oLrq mBkus dks dgsaA
lHkh cPpksa ds oLrq mBkus ds ckn ,d fuf’pr vkdkj dh oLrq,¡ mBkus
okys cPpksa dks ,d lewg esa cSBus dks dgsaA
¼tSls xksy ,d txg] pkSdksj ,d txg cSBk,¡½
izR;sd lewg vius oxhZdj.k dk vk/kkj D;k gS ;g crkus dks dgsaA
vkvks ckr djsa&
1- oLrqvksa esa D;k ,d tSlk fn[k jgk gS bl ij ppkZ djrs gq, oxhZdj.k dSls djrs
gSa] bl ij ppkZ djsaA
2- xksy] yEch] pkSdksj] frdksu oLrqvksa ds xq.kksa ij ppkZ djsaA
[8]
xfrfof/k & 4
xfrfof/k dk uke& Þcksy HkkbZ fdrusß
xfrfof/k dh izfØ;k&
rS;kjh& cPpksa dks nks lewgksa esa cka¡V ysa ¼la[;k T;knk gksus ij½
cPpksa dks Þcksy HkkbZ fdrusß [ksy ds ckjs esa crk,¡@le>k,¡A
?kqers gq, Þcksy HkkbZ fdrusß [ksy es [kM+s gksus ds fy, iFkd ?ksjk cuk,¡A
izfØ;k&
1- cPpksa dks xksy ?ksjs esa ?kweus ds fy, dgsaA
2- lHkh cPpksa dks ,d lkFk xkus ds fy, dgsaA f'k{kd dgsaxs ^^cksy HkkbZ fdrus** cPps
cksysaxs vki pkgs ftrus**
3- f'k{kd ,d la[;k cksysaxs 2] 3] 8] 6] 0 vkfnA
4- cPps cksyh xbZ la[;k ds cjkcj lewg esa ,d lkFk@,d= gks tkosaxsA tSls& 2&2]
3&3] 8&8] 6&6 ds :i esa vkSj crk, x, ?ksjs esa ,d= gksaxsA
5- blh izdkj gj ,d la[;k ds ckn 0 cksyk tkosaA
6- 'kwU; cksys tkus ij ?ksjs esa dksbZ Hkh cPpk ugha jgsxkA
7- bl çdkj vyx&vyx la[;kvksa ij [ksyus ds volj nsA
vkvks ckr djsa&
vyx&vyx la[;kvksa dk mi;ksx djus ds ckn gh 'kwU; dks le>kus ds fy, dqN gS ds ckn
dqN ugha gS dh le> nsosaA dqN ugha gS dks 'kwU; ^0* ls iznf'kZr djrs gq, le>kb,
[9]
xfrfof/k & 5
xfrfof/k dk uke& la[;k igpkuks lkexzh tekvks
iz;qDr lkexzh& dadM++@cht@rhyh@eksrh@pkWd vkfnA
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
rS;kjh&
d{kk d{k esa mifLFkr cPpksa ds lewg cuok,¡A
,d lewg esa 10 cPpsa gksa ldrs gSA
lewg dh la[;k ds eku ls vyx&vyx LFkku ij pkWd ls xksys bl izdkj ls
cuk,¡A
xksys vkeus&lkeus cuk,¡a] ,d rjQ ds xksys esa la[;k,¡ fy[ksaA
izfØ;k&1- cPpksa ls dqN dadM+@cht@rhyh@eksrh tks Hkh miyC/k gks ,d= djus dks dgsaA
2- ,d lewg ds cPpksa dks ,d txg ij cus ?ksjs ¼xksyks½ ds ikl [kM+k djsaA
3- vc cPpksa ls dgsa fd ?ksjs esa fy[kh la[;k ds cjkcj dadM++@cht@rhyh@eksrh lkeus
okys ?ksjs ¼xksys½ esa j[ksaA
4- ;gh dk;Z lHkh lewgksa ls djk,¡aA
5- cPpksa dks cny&cny dj fd;s x;s dk;Z dks tk¡pus dks dgsaA
6- ;gh izfØ;k xksys esa fy[kh la[;k cnydj fy[ksa rFkk izfØ;k nksgjk,¡A
vkvks ckr djsa&
la[;k ,oa ewrZ :i ls miyC/k lkexzh dks le>uk] de&T;knk] fdruk de& fdruk
T;knk ij cPpksa ds chp esa ppkZ djsaA bl ij vf/kd tksj fn;k tk, fd cPps la[;k
dks ewrZ :i ¼Bksl esa½ ls ns[kus ds mijkUr mldh le> gks ldsA
8
[10]
xfrfof/k & 6
xfrfof/k dk uke & ist yxkvks&fdrkc cukvksA
iz;qDr lkexzh& 1 ls 20 rd fy[kh nks lsV ifpZ;ka@ist@dkMZ
bl izdkj ds nks lsV rS;kj dj ysA
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
rS;kjh&
cPpksa dks nks lewgksa esa cSBk,¡ izR;sd lewg esa 10 ls vf/kd cPps u gksaA
cuk,¡ x, ist esa ls nksuksa lsV esa ls 4&5 vyx&vyx ua- ds dkMZ iFkd dj ysaA
izfØ;k&
vc nksuksa lewgksa dks 'ks"k cps ist nsosaA
izFke lewg bUgsa Øe ls yxkdj ,d lsV rS;kj djsaxsaA chp esa NwVs gq, ist dh la[;k
dh iphZ cukdj mlds lgh Øe esa yxk;saxsA
nwljk lewg bUgsa mYVs Øe esa yxkdj lsV rS;kj djsxsaaA chp esa NwVs gq, ist dh
la[;k dh iphZ cukdj mlds lgh Øe esa yxk;saxsA
nksuksa lewgksa dh ifpZ;ka lh/ks Øe@mYVs Øe esa yxkdj rS;kj djsxasA
vkvks ckr djsa&
cPpksa ls ?kVrs&c<+rs Øe esa chp esa NwVh la[;k dks igys dh] ckn dh] chp dh la[;k
ds :i esa ppkZ djsa tSls% 18 ls iwoZ dh] ckn dh] dkSu lh la[;k gskrh gS 18 fdu nks
la[;kvksa ds chp dh la[;k gSaA bR;kfn ij [kwc ppkZ djsaA
1
2
3
4
5
6 8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
7
1
2
3
4
5
6 8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
7
[11]
xfrfof/k & 7
xfrfof/k dk uke& dkMZ mBkvks] uke crkvks
iz;qDr lkexzh& 1 ls 20 rd la[;k dkMZ
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
rS;kjh&
cPpksa dks xksy ?ksjs esa cSBk,¡A
cPpksa ds chp esa la[;k dkMZ mYVs j[ksaA
dkMksZ dh la[;k cPpksa dh la[;k ls vf/kd gksA
izfØ;k&
cPpksa dks viuh&viuh ilUn dk dkMZ mBkdj viuh txg ij cSBus dks dgsaA
tc lHkh cPps dkMZ mBk ysa] rc ,d cPps ls viuk dkMZ lHkh cPpksa dks fn[kkrs gq,
ml ij fy[kh la[;k cksyus dks dgsaA
lgh la[;k cksyus ij rkyh ctok,¡A
ml cPpsa ds nk;h vksj cSBs cPps ls ml dkMZ ij fy[kh la[;k dh] vxyh la[;k
crkus dks dgsaA cka;h vkSj cSBs cPpsa ls ml dkMZ ij fy[kh la[;k ds igys dh la[;k
crkus dks dgsaA
;gh Øe ,d&,d dj lHkh cPpksa ls djk,¡A
vkvks ckr djsa&
fdlh la[;k dks igys dh ,oa ckn dh la[;k dSls irk djrs gsa\ bl ij cPpksa ls
ckrphr djsaA
fdlh la[;k dks fy[kdj mlds igys dh ,oa ckn dh la[;k fy[kus dks dgsaA
[12]
xfrfof/k & 8
xfrfof/k dk uke& crkvks dkSu T;knk] dkSu de
iz;qDr lkexzh& fxurh pkVZ ¼1 ls 100 rd½
rS;kjh&
cPpksa dks v/kZ xksykdkj ds :i esa cSBk,¡A d{kk d{k esa cPpksa ds lkeus fxurh pkVZ
VkaxsA
la[;k pkVZ cPpksa dh igq¡p esa gksA
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
nks&nks cPpksa dks ,d lkFk cqyk,¡A
cPpksa dks viuh ilUn dh la[;k ij vaxqyh j[kus dks dgsaA
lkeus cSBs cPpksa ls iwaNs fdldh la[;k] fxurh pkVZ ij igys fy[kh gS vkSj fdldh
la[;k ckn esaA
cPpksa ls iwNdj irk djsa] dkSu lh la[;k NksVh gS\ o fxurh pkVZ esa igys vk;h gSaA
;gh Øe vxys nks cPpksa dks cqykdj djk,¡A
NksVh&cM+h la[;k iwNsA
vkvks ckr djsa&
fxurh pkVZ ij tks la[;k igys vkrh gS og NksVh gksrh gS vkSj tks la[;k ckn esa vkrh
gaS og cM+h la[;k gSaA
NksVh la[;k ls] cM+h la[;k ftrus ckn esa vkrh g]S og mruh gh cM+h gksrh gS
mnkgj.k % 13 ls 16 rhu ckj vkxs pyus ij vkrh gS vr% 13 ls 16] 3 vf/kd gSA
bl ij cPpksa ls ppkZ djsaA
[13]
xfrfof/k & 9
xfrfof/k dk uke& [kkyh dkSu] Hkjk dkSuA
iz;qDr lkexzh& la[;k pkVZ ftlesa dqN [kkus [kkyh gS] dqN HkjsA
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
rS;kjh&
cPpksa dh la[;k ds vk/kkj ij mUgsaa 10&10 ds lewg esa ck¡V ysaA
fn;k x;k la[;k pkVZ cPpksa ds chp esa j[ksA
cPpksa dks xksy ?ksjs esa cSBk,¡A
izfØ;k&
la[;k pkVZ esa cus fp= dk uke cksysaxs ¼igyh ckj f'k{kd½ fQj cPpksa ls cksyus dks
dgsaxsA tSls mlus cksyk vke rks mlds Bhd igys ;k ckn esa [kkyh ckWDl esa fy[kh
la[;k dks cksyuk gSA
;g dk;Z cPpksa ds nksuksa lewgksa ls ,d lkFk djk;k tk ldsxkA ,d lewg fp= ds uke
cksysxk] nwljk lewg [kkyh ckWDl dh la[;k cksysxk] ;g [kkyh ckWDl fp= ds igys ;k
ckn esa gks ldrk gSa
;gh Øe lHkh cPpksa dks volj nsus ds fy, nksgjk,¡A
vkvks ckr djsa&
[kkyh ckWDl esa fy[kh la[;k dks igpkuuk mlls vkxs dh] igys dh la[;k ij ppkZ
djsaA
[14]
xfrfof/k & 10
xfrfof/k dk uke& dkMZ mBkvks& viuh txg cukvksA
iz;qDr lkexzh& la[;k dkMZ 1 ls 20 rd ¼,d lsV½A
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
rS;kjh&
cPpksa dks lewg esa cSBk,¡ ,d lewg esa 10 ls vf/kd cPps u gksA
cPpksa ds chp esa dkMZ j[ks ysfdu /;ku j[ksa] ,d lewg esa j[ks dkMksZa dh la[;k 10
gksxh ij chp&chp ds dkMZ ugha gksaxs] og cps 'ks"k dkMZ nwljs lewg esa gksaxsA
d{kk esa ,d ykbZu [khapdj cjkcj nwjh ij fu'kku cuk,¡A
izfØ;k&
cPpksa dks viuh&viuh ilUn dk la[;k dkMZ mBkus dk dgsaA
viuk&viuk dkMZ mBkdj viuh txg ij cSBsaA
vc cPpksa ls la[;k dkMZ ds fglkc ls cukbZ xbZZ ykbZu ij [kM+s gksus dks dgsaaA
/;ku jgs lHkh cPps 1 ls 10 rd 11 ls 20 rd Øe ls cukbZ xbZZ ykbZu ij [kM+s
gksaxsA
,d ckj c<+rs Øe rFkk ,d ckj ?kVrs Øe esa cPpksa dks [kM+s gksus dks dgsaA
vkvks ckr djsa &
la[;kvksa ds ?kVrs&c<+rs Øe ij ppkZ djsaA
[15]
xfrfof/k & 11
xfrfof/k& ekSf[kd tksM+uk
lkexzh& pkWd] ekSf[kd tksM+uk pkVZ ;fn ugha gS rks cuk,¡A
rS;kjh& CysdcksMZ ij ekSf[kd tksM+uk pkVZ cukukA
izfØ;k&
1- nks&nks cPpksa dks ckjh&ckjh ls cqyk,¡A ekSf[kd tksM+uk pkVZ ds igyh ykbZu vkM+h ,oa
[kM+h igyh ykbZu dh la[;kvksa esa ls ,d&,d la[;k pquus dks dgsaxsA
2- pquh gqbZ la[;k ij vaxqyh j[kdj vkM+h ykbZu ij vaxqyh j[ks gq, cPpk uhps dh vksj
rFkk [kM+h ykbZu esa vaxqyh j[ks gq, cPpk nkfguh vkSj viuh vaxqyh rc rd c<k;saA
tc rd nksuksa vaxqfy;ka fey u tk;saA
3- nksuksa vaxqfy;ka ftl la[;k ij feyrh gSA og nksuksa la[;kvksa dk tksM+ gksrk gSA ;gh
izfØ;k lHkh cPpksa ds lkFk vyx&vyx la[;kvksa ds fy, djkbZ tkosaA
vkvks ckr djsa&
igys cPps us 4 ij vaxqyh j[kh gS vkSj nwljs cPps us 2 ij vaxqyh j[kh gS rks
mudk ;ksxQy 6 gksrk gSA bl ij lHkh cPpksa ls ppkZ djsaxsA fofHkUu la[;kvksa dh ykbuks ls
6 tksM+ ykus ds fy;s ppkZ djok,¡A
[16]
xfrfof/k & 12
xfrfof/k dk uke& dadM++ Qsadks vkSj tksM+ks
lkexzh& dadM++] pkWd] rhfy;k¡ vkfnA
rS;kjh& tehu ij rkfydk cukdj muesa 0 ls 9 rd ds vad fy[ksaxsA
1 4 7 0 8
3 6 9 5 2 izfØ;k&
1- lHkh cPpksa dks rkfydk ds pkjksa vksj [kM+k djds ckjh&ckjh ls ,d&,d cPps dks
cqykdj mlds gkFk esa nks fxIis@dadM+ nsdj tehu ij cuh rkfydk esa Qsadus dks
dgsaxsA
2- og fxIis@dadM+ ftl vad@[kkus ij tkdj fxjsaxs mruh rhfy;k¡ cPpksa ls fxudj
mBkus dks dgsaxs@rkfydk ls ckgj fxIik@dadM+ fxjus ij iqu% pyus dks dgsaxsA
3- fQj nksuksa vadksa ds cjkcj rhfy;k¡ feykdj cPps fxudj cksysaxsA mUgsa fy[ksaxs rFkk
mudk tksM+ fy[kdj gy djsaxsA cksysaxs fd&&&& esa&&&&&& feykus ij
&&&&&&&&&&& gqbZ] mnkgj.k ds fy, 7 esa 9 feykus ij 16 gksrs gSA
vkvks ckr djsa&
1- nksuksa vadksa ds cjkcj rhfy;k¡ feykus ij fdrus gq, bl ij ppkZ djsaxsA
2- cPpksa dks Lo;a ls xfrfof/k djus dks izsfjr djsaA rhfy;ksa dks Lo;a fudkydj] feykdj
fxuus dks dgsa vkSj vk;h gqbZ la[;kvksa dks dkWih ij fy[kdj crkosaA
[17]
xfrfof/k & 13
xfrfof/k dk uke& dadM++ feykvksA
ç;qDr lkexzh& dadM++] ckWDl ¼dkxt dk fMCck½
rS;kjh& nks ckWDl ysa vkSj muesa 9&9 dadM++ j[ksaxsA
izfØ;k&
1- ckjh&ckjh ls nks&nks cPpksa dks cqyk,¡A
2- nksuksa cPpksa ls vyx&vyx ckWDl ls dqN dadM++ fudkyus dks dgsaxsA
3- ftl cPps us ftrus dadM++ fudkys gS mudks fxuus ds fy, dgsaxsA
4- nksuksa cPpksa ls dadM++ fxuokdj mls ,d txg bdðk djok;saxs vkSj mudh la[;k¡ dks
fy[kus ds fy, dgsaxsA
5- bdðs fd;s x;s dadM++ dks ,d cPPkk fxudj crk;sxk fd dqy fdrus dadM+ gq, vkSj
mUgsa tksM+ ds :i esa fy[ksaxs tSls 6 vkSj 8 ;kuh 14] ;gh izfØ;k ckj&ckj nksgjkosa]
ftlls vf/kd ls vf/kd cPps dks ekSdk fey ldsaA
vkvks ckr djsa&
1- cPpksa ls ppkZ djsa fd igys cPps ds ikl fdrus dadM++ gS vkSj nwljs cPps ds ikl
fdrus dadM++ gS vkSj nksuksa ds dadM+ bdV~Bs djus ij dqy fdrus dadM++ gks x, bls
fy[kdj gy djus dks dgsa] mldh tk¡p djsaA
2- xfrfof/k esa vk;h la[;kvksa dks fy[kok,¡ o mu la[;kvksa ls tksM+us dh lafØ;k djk;saxsA
/ku ¼$½ fpUg yxkdj tksM+ djkosaA
[18]
xfrfof/k & 14
xfrfof/k dk uke& la[;k js[kk dh lgk;rk ls tksM+ukA
ç;qDr lkexzh & pkWd ;k la[;k iV~VhA
rS;kjh& tehu ij 0 ls 9 rd ds vad fy[ksaxs ;k tehu ij la[;k iV~Vh dks fcNkdj j[k
nsaxsA
izfØ;k&
1- ckjh&ckjh ls ,d&,d cPps dks cqykdj 'kwU; ij [kM+k djsaxsA
2- 'kwU; ls viuh euilan la[;k ij dne fxurs gq, tkus dks dgsaxsA
3- cPpksa dks iwaNs fd ftl la[;k ij cPpk tkdj :dk gS mlesa fdrus tksM+s\ cPpksa ds
cksys vuqlkj ml cPps ls la[;k js[kk ij cksyh xbZ la[;k ds cjkcj ml cPps ls
la[;k js[kk ij mrus dne vkxs tkus dks dgsaxsA
4- vkxs vkSj tkus ij tks la[;k vk;sxh og mÙkj gksxkA
5- ;fn cPpk 2 ij [kM+k gS vkSj 4 tksM+uk gS blfy, 4 dne vkxs tkus dks dgsaA 2 vksj
4 dk tksM+ 6 vkrk gSA
6- blh izdkj la[;kvksa dks cny&cnydj bl [ksy dks djok,xsA tSls% 6$2¾8] 4$4¾8
vkvks ckr djsa&
1- cPpksa ls ppkZ djsa fd 2 esa 2 tksM+us ij 4 vkrk gSA
2- ftl la[;k esa tks la[;k tksM+uh gS blds fy, mrus dne vkxs pyuk iM+rk gSA
D;ksa\ ppkZ djok,¡A
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
[19]
xfrfof/k & 15
xfrfof/k dk uke& vkvks loky cuk,¡A
ç;qDr lkexzh &
rS;kjh&
1- cPpksa dks 3 lewg esa ck¡V nsaA mUgsa mudh euilan dk uke ns nsosaA
2- vc cksMZ ij ,d nSfud thou dh leL;k fy[ksaA
^^eksgu ds ikl 8 vke gSA 'kchuk ds ikl 6 vke gSa crkvks nksuksa ds ikl dqy
feykdj fdrus vke gSaA**
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
cPpksa dks fy[kh xbZ leL;k dks ,d&,d okD; iFkd&iFkd i<+dj lquk,¡A
lewg ,d ls leL;k esa vk;s nksuksa uke cnydj fy[kus dks dgsa rFkk bls iwjk okD;
i<+us dks dgsaA
lewg nks ls leL;k esa vk;h vkeksa dh la[;k dks cnydj fy[kus dks dgsa o i<+ok,¡A
rhljs lewg ls vke ds LFkku ij dqN vU; lkexzh ;k Qy dk uke fy[kus dks dgsa o
i<+ok,¡A
ppkZ djsa fd ;g rks u;k loky cu x;k gSA blh izdkj u,&u, ç’u cuok,¡A
vkvks ckr djsa&
cPpksa ls vius ?kj dh dksbZ ,d leL;k ysdj loky cuok,¡A mUgsa bl izdkj dh
leL;k,sa@loky cukus dks izksRlkfgr djsaA mudh vko';drkuqlkj enn djsaA
[20]
xfrfof/k & 16
xfrfof/k dk uke& gSUM fØdsV
ç;qDr lkexzh&
rS;kjh&
[ksy ds fu;e % nl&nl cPps dk lewg cuok,¡
cPps }kjk gkFk dh ,d] nks] rhu] pkj o ik¡p maxfy;k¡ fn[kkus ij Øe'k% 1] 2] 3 4 o 5 ju feysaxsA
nksuksa cPpksa }kjk ,d leku vaxqyh fn[kkus ij cSfVax djus okyk cPpk vkmV gks tk;sxkA
nksuksa cPpksa }kjk vyx&vyx vaxqyh fn[kkus ij nksuksa cPpksa dh vaxqfy;ks dk tksM+] cSfVax djus okys cPpksa ds ju gksaxsA
izfØ;k&
cPpksa dks nks lewg esa ckaVasxs ,d lewg esa nl ls vf/kd cPps u gksA
izR;sd lewg ls ,d&,d cPps dks cqykdj VkWl djsaxs tks cPpk VkWl thrsxk og cSfVaax djsxkA
nksuksa cPps viuh&viuh vaxqyh ,d lkFk fn[kk;saxs ;fn fn[kkbZ xbZ vaxqfy;kas ,d leku gS rks cSfVax djus okyk cPpk vkÅV gks tk;sxk vkSj nwljs cPpksa dks cSfVax djus dk ekSdk feysxkA
;fn cPpksa }kjk fn[kkbZ xbZ vaxqyh vyx&vyx gS rks nksuksa cPpksa dh vaxqfy;k¡ dk tksM+ cSfVax djus okys cPps ds ju gksaxsA
ftl lewg ls cPpk csfVax dj jgk gS mlds lkFkh juksa ds tksM+ dks fy[ksaxsA
ftl lewg ds ju vf/kd gksaxs og lewg fotsrk gksxkA
;gh izfØ;k ckj&ckj nksgjkosa] ftlls vf/kd ls vf/kd cPpksa dks ekSdk feysaA
vkvks ckr djsa&
xfrfof/k esa vk;h la[;kvksa dks fy[kok,¡ o tksM+us dh lafØ;k djkosaA
f'k{kd cPpksa }kjk fd;s x;s tksM+ dks tk¡psA
vko';drk gksus ij Bksl lkexzh@oLrqvksa dk Hkh mi;ksx djsaA
[21]
xfrfof/k & 17
xfrfof/k dk uke& xhr xk,a dsys [kk,a
ç;qDr lkexzh & vad dkMZ
rS;kjh& cPpksa dks vad dkMZ nsdj xksys ¼oÙk½ esa [kM+k djsaA cPpksa dks crk, fd tc dksbZ
la[;k cksyh tkosa ¼xhr esa½ rks ml la[;k dk dkMZ ftl cPps ds ikl gksxk og bls
Åij djds lcdks fn[kk,¡xkA
izfØ;k&
f’k{kd ckyxhr] gko&Hkko ds lkFk xk;sA
eksgu 15 dsys yk;k] lksgu flQZ vdsys vk;kA lksgu us tc dsys ns[ks] mlds eqag esa
ikuh vk;kA lksgu jks;k tksj&tksj ls] mB xbZ eEeh mlds 'kksj lsA cksyh lksgu ckr
crk ns] eEeh eq>dks dsys fnyk ns] eEeh cksyh eksgu dks] dsys ns ns lksgu dksA eksgu
us fQj fd;k fopkj lksgu dks nw¡ dsys pkjA la[;k dksMZ fn[kkrs gq, xhr xkus dks dgsa
tSls 15] 4 vkfn½ f'k{kd xhr iwjk gksus ds ckn cPpksaa ls iwNs dh ;fn eksgu] lksgu
dks pkj dsys ns nsrk gS rks eksgu ds ikl fdrus dsys cpsaxsA
bl izdkj eksgu ds dsyksa ,oa lksgu ds fn;s dsyksa dh la[;k cnydj iqu% xhr xkrs gq,
xfrfof/k nksgjk,¡A
vkvks ckr djsa&
eksgu fdrus dsys yk;kA dsyksa dh la[;k ds cjkcj Bksl oLrq,¡ nsdj crkus dks dgsaA
lksgu dks fdrus dsys feysaA dsyksa dh la[;k ds cjkcj oLrq,¡ ysdj djsaA
eksgu ds ikl fdrus dsys feysA
xfrfof/k esa vk;h la[;kvksa dks fy[kok,sa] ?kVkus dh lafØ;k djkosa] 'ks"k cph la[;k
fy[kasaA
[22]
xfrfof/k & 18
xfrfof/k dk uke& fdruk cpk\
ç;qDr lkexzh& vad dkMZ] dadM++ ;k cht
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
rS;kjh&
cPpksa ds lewg cuk ysaA
izfØ;k&
lewg dk ,d cPpk dqN dadM++@cht ysdj mUgsa fxudj crk,xkA nwljs lewg ds
cPps mlh la[;k dk dkMZ fudkydj tehu ij j[ksaxs tSls&
vc og cPPkk bu dadM++ks dks Åij dh vksj mNky dj ¼pisVk [ksyus tSlk½ mUgsa
okfil idM+saxsA tks gkFk esa vk;saxs mUgsa crk,saxsA nwljk lewg mudk dkMZ fudydj
fy[ksxk tSls&
nwljk lewg budks ?kVkdj 4 fy[ksxk rFkk 4 dadM++ Hkh jgsxkA ;gh Øe nksuksa lewg
4&4 ckj djsaxsA var esa ftlds dadM++ T;knk gksasxs og lewg thrk ekuk tkosxkA
bUgsa ?kVkus dh lafØ;k ds :i esa Hkh fy[kok,¡ tSls&
vkvks ckr djsa& 4
cPpksa ls ewrZ :i esa ?kVkus dh lafØ;k djkosaA fQj vad dkMZ ds ek/;e ls djkosa rFkk
vUr esa la[;k,¡ fy[kdj djkosaA
7
3
7 -3
[23]
xfrfof/k & 19
xfrfof/k dk uke& de djks] 'ks"k fxuksA
iz;qDr lkexzh& dadM+@rhyh@daps@cht@rhyh vkfnA
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
rS;kjh&
cPpksa dks lewg esa cSBk,¡] cPpksa dk la[;k ds eku ls lewg cukb;sA
cPpksa ds chp esa nks Vksdjh@Mfy;k@IysV vkfn dks j[ksaA
i;kZIr ek=k esa dadM++@cht@daps@rhyh vkfn j[ksaA
izfØ;k&
cPpksa ds chp esa cSBdj ,d Vksdjh esa 10 ls de dadM++@cht vkfn j[ksaaA
fQj Vksdjh esa ls ,d&,d dadM++@cht de djrs gq, 'ks"k cps dadM++@cht dh
la[;k iwfN;saA
,d cpus rd ;gh izfØ;k dhft;sA
fQj ,d dks mBkus ij fdrus dadM++@cht cps og iwfN;s] dqN ugha cpus@fdlh
oLrq dh vuqifLFkfr@dqN Hkh ugha gksus dks gh 'kwU; ls O;Dr djus dh ckr dhft,
crkb;s dh] dqN ugha gksus dks 'kwU; 0 ls iznf'kZr djuk gkssrk gSA
vkvks ckr djs&
Bksl oLrqvksa ds ek/;e ls dqN ugha gksus dh fLFkfr dks 'kwU; ds :i esa O;Dr
djus@le>kus gsrq vius Lrj ls Hkh xfrfof/k djkbZ tkosaA
[24]
xfrfof/k & 20
xfrfof/k dk uke& lkr iw¡N dk pwgkA
ç;qDr lkexzh& vad dkMZ] fp= dkMZA
rS;kjh& ,d fo|kFkhZ dks pwgs dk ,oa ,d fo|kFkhZ dks vad dkMZ&nsdj [kM+k djsa ,oa 'ks"k
cPpksa dks ,d lewg esa cSBk,¡A
izfØ;k&
f'k{kd] pwgk cus Nk= dks vkxs djrs gq, dgkuh lqukrs gq,] iz'u iwNsaxs& ,d lksuw uke dk
pwgk Fkk] ml pwgs ds ikl lkr jaxhu isaflysa Fkh] blfy, og cgqr brjkrk FkkA lHkh mlls
isafly ek¡xrs] ij og fdlh dks Hkh viuh isaflysa ugh nsrk FkkA ,d fnu mlds nksLr eksuw
pwgs us ,d isafly ek¡xhA igys rks lksuw pwgs us mldks euk dj fn;k ij tc eksuw pwgs dh
jksuh lwjr ns[kh rks mlus ,d iasfly mls ns nhA vc mlds ikl cph ’ks"k Ng isaflysaA vc
jkst ,d&,d dj nwljs pwgs Hkh lksuw pwgs ls isaflysa ek¡xus yxsa vkSj lksuw pwgk pkgdj Hkh euk
ugh dj ik jgk FkkA
bl izdkj lksuw pwgs dh ,d&,d isafly de djrs gq, cPpksa ls iwNsaxs fd mldss ikl fdruh
isaflysa ’ks"k cph \ ,d fo|kFkhZ vad dkMZ gkFk esa ysdj ’ks"k cps vad dks fn[k;sxkA
ladsr& mijksDr dgkuh vuqlkj f'k{kd pwgs ds LFkku ij vU; izrhd tSls& gkFkh] 'ksj vkfn
dks ysdj ubZ dgkuh cuk ldrs gSA
vkvks ckr djsa&
1- pwgs] gkFkh vkfn ds fo"k; esa ljy iz'u djsaA
2- vad dkMZ fn[kkdj ljy iz'u djsaA
[25]
xfrfof/k & 21
xfrfof/k dk uke& fglkc
ç;qDr lkexzh& uewuk uksV ;k flDds
rS;kjh& fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lewg esa foHkkftr djsaA
izfØ;k&
dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks nqdkunkj vkSj dqN fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks xzkgd cuk;sA
xzkgd cus fo|kFkhZ dks dqN uewuk uksV nsdj nqdkunkj ds ikl HkstsA tSls xzkgd cuk
fo|kFkhZ 15 :i;s ysdj lkeku [kjhnus x;kA
nqdku ls mlus 8 :i;s dk lkeku [kjhnkA
nqdkunkj cuk Nk= mls fdrus :i;s ykSVk;sxkA
bl izdkj vU; fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lkFk Hkh xfrfof/k djk;saA
vkvksa ckr djsa&
fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls iz'u ds ek/;e ls vU; xfrfof/k;k¡ djsaA
uewuk uksV fn[kkdj iwNs uksV fdrus dk gSA nwljs uksV ¼blls cM+s uksV dks fn[kk,¡½ dks
fn[kkrs gq, iwNs ;g blls fdruk T;knk cM+k gSA
cus lokyksa dks fy[kok,¡A ?kVkus dh lafØ;k djkosaA 'ks"k cph la[;k fy[kok,¡ ,oa ppkZ
djsaA
‘
[26]
xfrfof/k & 22
xfrfof/k dk uke& vkvksa cPpksa [ksysa geA
ç;qDr lkexzh& 1 ls 18 rd ds vad dkMZA
rS;kjh& lcls igys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lkFk ysdj xksyk ¼oÙk½ cuk;saA
izfØ;k&
f'k{kd@f'kf{kdk xksys esa [kM+s fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks 1 ls 18 rd ds vad dkMZ nsosaA dksf'k'k
djsa fd lHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ikl dkMZ gksA vc f'k{kd] fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds xksys ds chp [kM+s gksdj
xfrfof/k@[ksy 'kq: djsaA lHkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lkFk f'k{kd Hkh xksy&xksy ?kwers gq, ^^vkvks
cPpksa [ksys** fdlds ikl fdruk T;knkA fdlds ikl fdruk de xhr cksysaxsA ?kqers gq,
fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ls f'k{kd nks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ladsr dj cqyk,saxs fQj muds dkMZ fn[kkdj cPpksa
ls iwNsaxs fd fdldk vad vf/kd gS vkSj fdruk vf/kd gSA lgh mRrj vkus ij lHkh fo|kFkhZ
rkyh ctk;saxsA bl izdkj izR;sd Nk=@Nk=k ds lkFk xfrfof/k nksgjkbZ tk;saA
vkvks ckr djsa&
ekSf[kd iz'uksa ds ek/;e ls fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls ckr djsaA
1- fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks vad dkMZ fn[kkdj fdruk gS iwNasA
2- fdldk] fdruk vf/kd gS] iwNsaA
[27]
xfrfof/k & 23
xfrfof/k dk uke& iSVuZ igpkuksA
iz;qDr lkexzh& fp=ksa ds fofHkUu iSVuZ ¼if=dkvksa ds fp=] dqN oLrqvksa dk fp= vyx&vyx
vkdkj ds½
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
rS;kjh&
cPpksa dks xksy ?ksjs esa cSBk,¡A
xksys esa fp=ksa ds fofHkUu iSVuZ j[ksaA
lHkh iSVuZ ,d nwljs ls fHkUu gksuk pkfg,
izfØ;k&
cPpksa dks nks&nks ds lewg esa cqyk, o viuh ilan dk iSVuZ mBkus dks dgsaA
cPps iSVuZ dks le>dj mls vkxs c<+k;saxs o ml iSVuZ esa fdl fu;e dk mi;ksx gqvk
gS ;g Hkh vius 'kCnksa esa crk,saxsA
ckjh&ckjh ls ;g xfrfof/k djk;saxsA
vkvks ckr djsa&
uksV o flDdksa ds iSVuZ ij Hkh ppkZ djsa] cuok;saA
izdfr esa iSVuZ dgka&dgka le> vkrk gS igpku djk;sa vkSj ppkZ djsa] tSls [ksr esa
ljlksa o pus dh Qly dh ykbZusa] Vgfu;ksa esa iRrh ds yxs jgus dk Øe] frryh ds
ia[kksa ds jax vkfnA
fp= miyC/k ugha gksus ij vki cukdj xfrfof/k djk;saA
[28]
xfrfof/k & 24
xfrfof/k dk uke& oLrq,¡ ykvks vkSj tekvksA
iz;qDr lkexzh& vkl&ikl ifjos'k esa ikbZ tkus okyh oLrq,¡ tSls&dadM++] cht] rhyh] eksrh
vkfnA
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
rS;kjh&
cPpksa dks lewg esa foHkkftr djsa izR;sd lewg esa 5 ls vf/kd cPps u gksA
cPpksa dks vius vkl&ikl ds ifjos'k ls fofHkUu oLrq,¡ <wa<dj ykus dks dgsaA
izfØ;k&
cPps vius lewg esa cSBdj muds ikl miyC/k oLrqvksa ls dksbZ ,d iSVuZ cuk;saxs
tSls ,d dadM++] nks cht] rhu rhyh] fQj ,d dadM++ blh izdkj cuok,¡A
cuk;s x;s iSVuZ dk fu;e crk;saxsA dSls iSVuZ cuk;k gS bl ij viuh ckr dgsaxsA
izR;sd lewg viuh ilan dk viuk iSVuZ cuk,¡A
vkvks ckr djsa&
,d oLrq] nks oLrq] rhu oLrq,¡] pkj oLrqvks ls cuus okys iSVuZ ij ppkZ djsaA
iSVuZ dgk¡&dgk¡ gks ldrk gS bl ij ppkZ djsa tSls diM+ks ij cus] iSVuZ vkfnA
[29]
xfrfof/k & 25
xfrfof/k dk uke& vkvks iSVuZ cukvksA
ç;qDr lkexzh& iqjkus dSys.MjA
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
rS;kjh&
cPpksa ds lewg cuk, ,d lewg esa 10 ls vf/kd cPps u gksA
iqjkus dSys.Mj dks ekgokj] vyx&vyx dj ysaA
izfØ;k&
izR;sd lewg dks ,d ekg dk dSys.Mj fn;k tk;saA
cPpksa dks ml ekg ds dSys.Mj ls la[;kvksa dk dksbZ ,d iSVuZ cukus dks dgsaA tSls%
izR;sd lkseokj dks vkus okyh rkjh[k] 'kfuokj fdu&fdu rkjh[kksa esa gS muesa D;k iSVuZ
gSaA
lewg ckjh&ckjh ls vkdj viuk cuk;k gqvk iSVuZ crk;saxs rFkk bl iSVuZ esa fdl
fu;e dk bLrseky gqvk gS ;g Hkh crk;saxsA
cPps iwjh ekg dh rkjh[kksa ls vius ilUn dk iSVuZ cuk,¡ ml ij ppkZ djsaA
vkvks ckr djsa&
la[;kvksa ds fofHkUu iSVuZ ,oa muds fu;eksa ij ppkZ djsaA
tks ekg lewg ds ikl gS mlls fiNys ekg ds eghus dk dSys.Mj cukus ij ppkZ djsaA
[30]
xfrfof/k & 26
xfrfof/k dk uke& feV~~Vh ls vkdfr cukvksA
iz;qDr lkexzh& feV~Vh] ikuhA
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
cPpksa dks feV~Vh ls fofHkUu izdkj dh vkdfr;k¡ cukus dks dgsaA tSls& xksy] frdksu]
pkSdksu vkfnA
d{kk ds lHkh cPpksa dks rhu lewg esa foHkkftr djsaA
rhuksa lewg dks Øe'k% xksy] frdksu] pkSdksu vkdkj dh vkdfr;ksa dks vyx&vyx
Nk¡Vus dks dgsaA
izR;sd lewg vius ikl Nk¡Vh xbZ vkdfr dk uke o mudh la[;k crk,¡A
vkvks ckr djsa&
ifjos'k esa miyC/k xksy] frdksu o pkSdksu oLrqvksa dh igpku djok,¡ o mu ij ppkZ
djsaA
cPpksa }kjk cukbZ xbZ vkdfr;ksa ds fdukjs ,oa dksuksa ij ppkZ djsaA
ifjos'k esa miyC/k xksy] frdksu] pkSdksu oLrqvksa dh lwph cuok;saA
[31]
xfrfof/k & 27
xfrfof/k dk uke& vkvks vkdfr igpkus
ç;qDr lkexzh& ifjos'k esa miyC/k fofHkUu oLrq,¡ A
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
rS;kjh&
d{kk d{k esa ?ku] ?kukHk] csyu] 'kadq] xksys dh vkdfr dh fofHkUu oLrq,¡ ykdj j[kukA
izfØ;k&
cPpksa ds lewg cuk,¡ izR;sd lewg esa ik¡p ls vf/kd cPps u gksA
lHkh lewg dks vyx&vyx izdkj dh vkdfr dh oLrq,¡ ifjos'k ;k vius vklikl ls
<wa<dj ykus@igpkuus dks dgsaA
tSls% ,d lewg dks ?ku vkdfr dh oLrq,¡] nwljs lewg dks ?kukHk vkdfr dh oLrq,¡
vkfnA
lHkh lewg mUgsa nh xbZ vkdfr dh oLrq,¡ yk;saxs@crk,saxs vkSj muds ckjs esa ckjh&ckjh
ls crk,saxsA
vkvks ckr djsa&
?ku] ?kukHk] csyu] 'kadq] xksyk] vkdfr;ksa ds xq.kksa ij ppkZA
[32]
xfrfof/k & 28
xfrfof/k dk uke& ge iwNs vki crk,A
iz;qDr lkexzh& f'k{kd }kjk fufeZr Vh-,y-,e- ¼iVjh] pk¡nk] lsV LDok;j] pkVZ@uD'kk xksy
jkWM ¼ydM+h ds½ dqN QksVks ds Ýse] v[kckj vkfn½
xfrfof/k izfØ;k&
rS;kjh&
cPpksa dks nks lewg esa ck¡V nsaA izR;sd lewg dk ,d uke j[ksa rFkk CySdcksMZ ij fy[k
nsaA
nksuksa lewg ds chp f'k{kd }kjk fufeZr Vh-,y-,e- j[ksaA
izfØ;k&
igyk lewg] nwljs lewg ls [kM+h js[kk ls lacaf/kr ,d mnkgj.k iwNsxk vkSj nwljk lewg
ifjos'k esa miyC/k lkexzh ¼oLrqvksa½ ;k Vh-,y-,e-ls mldk mnkgj.k crk,xkA lgh
mRrj crkus ij 2 vad ,oa xyr mRrj nsus ij dksbZ vad ugha fn;k tk,xkA f'k{kd
vadksa dks lewg ds uke ds lkeus Cysd cksMZ ij fy[ksxkA
mnkgj.k& igyk lewg] nwljs lewg ls [kM+h js[kk dk mnkgj.k iwNsxasA nwljk lewg
ifjos'k ls CysdcksMZ dh [kM+h js[kk dk mnkgj.k nsxsA nwljs lewg }kjk lgh mRrj nsus ij
f'k{kd] nwljs lewg ds uke ds le{k 2 vad vafdr djsxsA
;gh izfØ;k nwljs lewg }kjk nksgjkbZ tk,xhA
blh izdkj lewg }kjk lh/kh] vkM+h] frjNh] js[kkvksa ls lacaf/kr mnkgj.k iwNs tk;saA
var esa vadksa dk ;ksx djus ij ftl lewg ds vad vf/kd gksaxs og lewg thrsxkA
vkvks ckr djsa&
isafly@iVjh ¼Ldsy½ dh lgk;rk ls mDr js[kk,¡ cuok,¡ mldh tkap vo'; dh
tkosaA
ifjos'kh; oLrqvksa esa ifjyf{kr gksus okyh lh/kh@[kM+h@frjNh js[kkvksa ij ckrphr djsaA
[33]
xfrfof/k & 29
xfrfof/k dk uke & tknw dh lhadasA
ç;qDr lkexzh& leku yEckbZ@leku vkdkj dh lw[kh lhadsaA
xfrfof/k dh izfØ;k & f'k{kd viuh d{kk esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k ds vk/kkj ij 4 ls 5
fo|kfFkZ;ksaa ds lewg cukus dks dgsaA izR;sd lewg dks fon~;ky; ds vkl&ikl ls <sj lkjh
lw[kh lhadsa ,df=r djus dks dgsasA f'k{kd] fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks ,d fnu iwoZ Hkh vius ?kj ls lw[kh
lhadsa yksus dks dg ldrs gSA
f'k{kd ,d dgkuh lquk,& lwjt ds ikl dqN lhadsa Fkh ftUgsa mlds lkjs nksLr tknw
dh lhadsa dgrs FksA lwjt ls tc dksbZ iwNrk 5×7 fdruk gksxk\ rc lwjt QVkQV lhadsa
tekrk vkSj crk nsrk& 35 gksxkA ,sls gh fdrus lkjs loky og gy dj nsrk ysfdu og
viuk rjhdk fdlh dks ugha crk;kA mlds lkFkh mls xq.kk okyk tknwxj ekurs Fks ysfdu
mldk nksLr eksgu bl ckr dks ugha ekurk FkkA og ges'kk irk djus dh dksf'k'k djrk fd
eksgu xq.kk dSls djrk gSA
vkf[kj ,d fnu eksgu us lwjt dks xq.kk djrs ns[k fy;kA mldks lwjt dh tknwxjh
rqjUr le> vk xbZA cl fQj D;k Fkk] eksgu us lwjt ds rjhds dks lcds lkeus [kksy ds
j[k fn;kA
rqe Hkh tknw dh lhads cuk ldrs gksA dSls cukvksxs ;s vkt eSa rqEgsa crkrk gw¡A
rqEgsa 4 esa 3 dk xq.kk djuk gSA igys 4 lhdas ,d&,d vaxqy dh nwjh ij [kM+s esa tek
yksA vc 3 lhdsa Åij ,d&,d vaxqy dh nwjh ij vkM+h tek yksA ¼f'k{kd bls cksMZ ij fp=
ds }kjk iznf'kZr dj ldrs gSA½
[34]
vkM+h vkSj [kM+h lhadsa tgk¡&tgk¡ ,d nwljs dks dkVrs gS] os tksM+ gSaA vkM+h vkSj [kM+h
lhadksa ds ;s tksM+ fxu yksA fdruk vk;k\ -------------- ;gh 4×3 ds cjkcj gSA cl ;gh Øe
lwjt lcls Nqidj djrk Fkk vkSj lc mls tknwxj ekurs Fks ysfdu vc rks ge vkSj rqe ;g
tknw le> x, gSaA fdlh Hkh la[;k esa fdlh Hkh la[;k dk xq.kk dj ldrs gSaA rjhdk ogh gS
lhadksa dks vkM+k vkSj [kM+k j[kuk vkSj fxuukA
vc lHkh lewgksa eas rqe lhadksa ls xq.kk djds uhps fy[ks lokyksa ds mRrj [kkstks&
vkvks ckr djs& f'k{kd] fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls ckrphr djsa fd bl [ksy esa mUgas D;k dksbZ dfBukbZ
vkbZ gS ;fn gk¡ rks f'k{kd] fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks nksckjk ;g [ksy fl[kk;saA
[35]
xfrfof/k & 30
xfrfof/k dk uke& ik¡lksa dk [ksy
ç;qDr lkexzh& ik¡ls ¼izR;sd lewg gsrq 2½
rS;kjh
f'k{kd viuh d{k esa fon~;kfFkZ;ksa dh la[;k ds vk/kkj ij 4 ls 5 fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds lewg cukus
dks dgsaA izR;sd lewg dks nks ikls nsosa rFkk nksuksa ik¡lksa ij 1 ls 6 rd dh la[;k fy[k nsaA
izfØ;k
izR;sd fo|kfFkZ;ksa ckjh&ckjh ls nksuksa ik¡ls Qsadus gS] ik¡lksa ij tks vad vk;s mudk
vkil esa xq.kk djsa vkSj vius mRrj dks viuh dkWih esa fy[k ysaA lcdh ,d&,d ckjh gks
tk;s rks lcdh igys pØ dh la[;k,¡ ns[k ysA ftldh lcls vf/kd la[;k vk;s mls ,d
vad feysxkA ;g izfØ;k ikap ckj nksgjk,¡ ftl fo|kFkhZ ds lcls T;knk vad gksaxs og thr
x;kA
iklksa ij la[;k,¡ cny&cny ds Hkh ;g [ksy [ksyk tk ldrk gSA
vkvks ckr djsa& [ksy ds [kRe gksus ds ckn f'k{kd] fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls ckrphr djsa fd
muds lewg esa fotsrk dkSu jgk] lcls T;knk vad o lcls de vad fdls feysA iz'u djsa
fd ftls T;knk vad feys gSa mldk D;k dkj.k gSa vkSj ftls de vad feys mldk D;k
dkj.k gks ldrk gSA /;ku jgs fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks mRrj [kkstus dk i;kZIr le; feys ,oa lkFk
gh ;g Hkh lqfu'fpr~ djsa fd de vad vkus okys fo|kFkhZ fujk'k u gksA