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Digitized by 10uk1s Nigel Warburton Φιλοσοφία Τα βασικά ζητήματα Ο ΘΕΟΣ ΤΟ ΣΩΣΤΟ ΚΑΙ ΤΟ ΛΑΘΟΣ Η ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ Ο ΕΞΩΤΕΡΙΚΟΣ ΚΟΣΜΟΣ Η ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΗ Ο ΝΟΥΣ Η ΤΕΧΝΗ ΜΕΤΑΦΡΑΣΗ : Βίκυ Χατζοπούλου ΕΚΔΟΣΕΙΣ ΠΕΡΙΠΛΟΥΣ 1999

Φιλοσοφία τα Βασικά Ζητήματα - Nigel Warburton

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  • Digitizedby10uk1s

    NigelWarburton

    :

    1999

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    :NigelWarburton,Philosophy:THEBASICS,ROUTLEDGE(GREATBRITAIN)1992,1992,1993,19941995,1996,1998,1999:

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    NIGEL WARBURTON Open University , . Ratio, TheBritishJournalofAesthetics,HistoryofPhotography,Cogito.

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    Aesthetics:An Introduction to thePhilosophyofArt AnneSheppard (Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1987).'.ToPhilosophicalAesthetics:AnIntroduction,OswaldHanfling(Oxford:Blackwell,1992),.ArguingAboutArtAlexNeillAaronRidley(NewYork:McGrawHill,1995).. LiteraryTheory:An Introduction TerryEagleton (Oxford:Blackwell,1983). ,'. Authenticity and EarlyMusic(Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress,1988)NicholasKenyon. The Forger'sArt DenisDutton (Berkeley: Cal.:University of California Press, 1983). .